Understanding milking equipment and key performance indicators 了解挤奶设备和关键生产指标 Erin Royster DVM, MS 艾琳罗伊斯特 John Fetrow VMD, MBA 约翰费绰 UNIVERSITY OF MIN

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1 Understanding milking equipment and key performance indicators 了解挤奶设备和关键生产指标 Erin Royster DVM, MS 艾琳罗伊斯特 John Fetrow VMD, MBA 约翰费绰 Copyright 2014: cannot be used in any form without permission of the authors 著作权 : 未经作者同意, 不得以任何形式使用本课件

2 Why does milking machine function matter? 为什么挤奶机功能很重要? Potential Consequences 可能导致的后果 Catastrophic equipment failure 灾难性设备故障 Increased SCC and clinical mastitis 体细胞数和临床型乳房炎发生率上升 Increased bacterial counts 细菌数增加 Poor teat condition 乳头受损 Cow behavior (kicking, stepping, poor let-down, won t load) 牛抗拒行为 ( 踢, 踩, 放奶差, 不愿套奶杯 ) Decreased milk harvest 牛奶产量下降 Worker frustration 工人挫败感增加 Parlor inefficiency 挤奶厅工作效率下降

3 What goes wrong 哪里出错了? Common milking equipment issues: 挤奶设备常发的故障 : Cleaning failure 清洗系统不工作 Pulsators 脉动器 Poor, inconsistent function to outright failure 脉动不合理, 不稳定或者彻底不工作 Regulators 真空调节器 Dirty, malfunctioning 不干净, 出故障 Rubber goods 橡胶制品 Old, dirty, leaky, occlude airflow 老化, 不干净, 渗漏, 堵塞气流 Other moving parts 其它移动配件

4 Milking Equipment 挤奶设备 Managers and milkers need basic knowledge: 管理者和挤奶员要知道的常识 : how milking equipment works 挤奶设备是如何工作的? what maintenance is required 日常维护包括哪些? how to monitor performance 如何监测设备的性能

5 How milking machines work 挤奶设备的工作原理

Milk Flow 奶流 Milk flow during milking happens when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the teat is enough to cause the teat sphincter to open Pressure inside the teat

6 Milk Flow 奶流 Milk flow during milking happens when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the teat is enough to cause the teat sphincter to open Pressure inside the teat increases when the udder is stimulated to let down milk 奶流发生在当乳头内部与外部之间存在的压力差足以引起乳头括约肌打开时 - 当乳房受到刺激来放奶时, 乳头内部压力增加

7 Calf & Hand Milking 犊牛吮奶与手工挤奶 The calf uses a combination of positive physical pressure and negative pressure created by sucking. 犊牛吮奶用机械挤压产生的正压和吸吮产生的负压相结合来完成 The hand milker uses positive physical pressure only. 手工挤奶者完全靠机械挤压产生的正压

positive pressure 乳导管里正压 In teat cup = negative pressure (vacuum) 奶杯里负压 ( 真空 )

8 Machine Milking 机器挤奶 Modern milking machines use vacuum only 现代化的挤奶机只靠真空来挤奶 Milk flows when pressure inside the teat is greater than pressure outside the teat Inside teat sinus = positive pressure 乳导管里正压 In teat cup = negative pressure (vacuum) 奶杯里负压 ( 真空 ) 当乳头内的压力大于奶头的外部压力时产生奶流 Physical pressure from liner massage has no direct effect on milk flow 奶衬的按摩产生的机械压力对奶流没有直接影响

9 Congestion & Edema 充血和水肿 Congestion: accumulation of blood 充血 : 血流的集聚 Edema: accumulation of tissue fluid (lymph) 水肿 : 组织液的集聚 ( 淋巴 )

10 Signs of Congestion & Edema: 充血及水肿的现象 Swelling 肿胀 Hemorrhage 渗血 Discoloration 变色

控制奶衬 ( 也称膨胀奶衬 ) 在奶杯内的运动 Improves blood flow in the teat

11 Pulsation 脉动 Purpose 用途 Controls movement of the milking liner (also called inflation) inside the shell 控制奶衬 ( 也称膨胀奶衬 ) 在奶杯内的运动 Improves blood flow in the teat and relieves tissue congestion and edema. 促进乳头的血液流动, 减轻组织充血和水肿

difference 无压差, 奶衬打开 Pressure difference collapses liner

12 Pulsator Function: controlling liner movement 脉动器功能 : 控制奶衬运动 Vacuum/Open 真空 / 打开 Air/Closed 通气 / 关闭 No pressure difference 无压差, 奶衬打开 Pressure difference collapses liner 有压差, 奶衬关闭 Compression 挤压 Liner compression relieves congestion and edema

13 Liner Open 奶衬张开 Liner Closed 奶衬关闭

Variable Speed Drive) sets and maintains vacuum level 真空调节器 ( 或变速器 )

14 How machine milking works 挤奶机如何运作 Vacuum pump creates vacuum by pumping air out of the system 真空泵 - 从系统中抽出空气来产生真空 Regulator (or Variable Speed Drive) sets and maintains vacuum level 真空调节器 ( 或变速器 ) - 设定和维持不同的真空度 System plumbing carries vacuum to the milking units 管道系统将真空导入挤奶设备

15 Pulsators 脉动器 Looped Pulsator Airline 环路脉动真空管线 Regulator 真空调节器 Distribution tank 分配罐 Sanitary trap 气液分离器 Looped Milkline 环路挤奶管线 Receiver jar 集乳罐 Vacuum pump 真空泵 Milk pump to Bulk tank 奶被泵到奶罐 direction of airflow 气流方向 grey = air 灰色 = 空气 blue = milk 蓝色 = 奶

Other system components 其他组件 Vacuum pump 真空泵 Milk

16 Pulsators 脉动器 2. Pulsator air inlets 脉动器进气口 Looped Pulsator Airline 脉动管线 4. Leaks 漏气 5. Regulator 真空调节器 3. Teat cups 奶杯组 Distribution tank 分配罐 Sanitary trap 气液分离器 Looped Milkline 挤奶管线 1. Claw or liner vents 集乳器或奶衬排气孔 Receiver jar 接收罐 6. Other system components 其他组件 Vacuum pump 真空泵 Milk pump to Bulk tank 奶被泵到奶罐 grey = air 灰色 = 空气 Sources of air entry 空气进口 direction of airflow 气流方向 blue = milk 蓝色 = 奶

Vacuum Regulation 真空度的调节 Traditional vacuum pump 传统的真空泵 Pump runs at a set speed 泵在设定的速度下运行 A valve in the regulator opens or closes to air to maintain stable vacuum 通过调节器上的阀门开或关来保持设定的真空度 Variable

17 Vacuum Regulation 真空度的调节 Traditional vacuum pump 传统的真空泵 Pump runs at a set speed 泵在设定的速度下运行 A valve in the regulator opens or closes to air to maintain stable vacuum 通过调节器上的阀门开或关来保持设定的真空度 Variable Speed Drive 变速调节器 An electronic controller regulates the speed of the vacuum pump 真空泵的速度受到一种电子控制器的调节 Vacuum level falls 真空度下降 Vacuum level falls 真空度下降 Regulator opens, lets in more air 调节器打开阀门, 让更多的空气进入 Vacuum level rises 真空度上升 Regulator closes, lets in less air 调节器关闭阀门, 让更少的空气进入 Pump slows down, draws less air out of the system 泵速减慢, 从系统中抽走较少的空气 Vacuum level rises 真空度上升 Pump speeds up, draws more air out of the system 泵速加快, 从系统中抽走更多的空气

18 过去一年里的乳腺炎病例 Milk per cow across lactation 不同泌乳期下的每头奶牛的牛奶 Impacts of milking systems on cow health and production 挤奶系统对奶牛健康和生产的影响

19 Impacts of milking systems on cow health and production 挤奶系统对奶牛健康和生产的影响 Direct Poor milk-out, reduced production pushing bacteria into the teat, either from udder skin, manure on the teat, or from contaminated milk from preceding cows milked with that milking unit Impacting udder defense mechanism by damaging teat condition 直接影响 - 奶挤不净, 奶产量下降 - 来自乳房皮肤, 乳头上的粪便, 或者来自前面使用同一设备的奶牛的被污染牛奶的细菌被带入乳头, - 乳头受损, 乳房的防御能力下降

20 Impacts of milking systems on cow health and production 挤奶系统对奶牛健康和生产的影响 Indirect Poorly functioning equipment can affect worker attitudes, cow behavior, and decrease time available for proper milking procedures 间接影响 - 运作不良的设备会影响员工的态度, 奶牛的行为, 并减少正确执行挤奶程序所需的时间

21 Cow behavior 牛的行为 Dancing, stepping, kicking, or defecating during milking 挤奶时跳, 走动, 踢, 或排粪 At the beginning of milking = not properly stimulated, painful teat lesions, high vacuum level 挤奶开始时 = 不正确的刺激, 乳头病痛, 真空度偏高 During milking = poor pulsator performance, high milking vacuum 挤奶进行中 = 脉动器不正常, 真空度偏高 At the end of milking = over-milking, high vacuum level 挤奶结束时 = 过度挤奶, 真空度偏高

22 Direct Effects Impacts on Cow Health 挤奶系统奶牛健康的影响 Introducing bacteria on udder skin Dirty equipment, poor hygiene practices, infected milk from another cow or another quarter of same cow Injecting bacteria up the teat and into the udder Milk droplet impacts due to liner slips 直接影响 - 细菌到乳房皮肤上肮脏的装备, 差的卫生习惯, 另一个奶牛或者同一奶牛不同乳区的感染的奶 - 细菌进入乳头内部和乳区深部由于奶衬滑脱产生的乳滴效应

23 Reverse flow or Impacts 反向流动或影响 Liner slips and air sucked in through liner mouthpiece 奶衬滑脱, 空气通过奶杯口吸入 occur when the mouthpiece of the liner slips down on the teat allowing air to be sucked into the milking unit 当奶杯口从奶头滑脱让空气被吸入到挤奶单元时发生 result from low claw vacuum, heavy milking units that are not supported, poor unit alignment, poor choice of inflation, and kicking by cows 由于集乳器真空压力偏低, 重的挤奶杯组支撑不当, 挤奶单元排列不合理, 奶衬的选择不当, 牛踢等导致 are responsible for a large number of new mastitis cases due to reverse flow of milk 导致奶的反向流动, 从而新的乳腺炎病例上升

24 正常的奶流

25 奶衬滑脱时的奶流

26 Impacts on Cow Health 对奶牛健康的影响 Direct Effects 直接影响 Impacting udder defense mechanism by altering teat condition 乳头状况被改变, 乳房的防御机制受损 Improperly functioning pulsators 脉动器运作不正常 High mouthpiece vacuum 奶杯口真空度偏高 à congestion & edema 充血水肿 Excessive liner compression 奶衬过度挤压 Over-milking 挤奶过度 à teat end hyperkeratosis 乳头末端角质化

Post-milking teat condition 挤奶后乳头的状况 Evaluate as soon as the milking unit is removed 一旦挤奶杯组移走, 马上检查 Teat hyperkeratosis 乳头角质化 Teat congestion, edema,

27 Post-milking teat condition 挤奶后乳头的状况 Evaluate as soon as the milking unit is removed 一旦挤奶杯组移走, 马上检查 Teat hyperkeratosis 乳头角质化 Teat congestion, edema, discoloration 乳头充血, 水肿, 变色 Teat ringing (ring at top of teat) 乳头环变 ( 乳头的顶部有环 ) Resistance to handling (cow kicks repeatedly when you handle teats) 反抗检查 ( 当你检查乳头时牛不断踢 )

28 乳头状况打分卡无环光滑或微粗糙的环粗糙的环非常粗糙的环

causes: 几个可能的原因 : Mismatch between teat size/shape and liner 乳头尺寸 / 形状和奶衬之间的不匹配 High vacuum

29 Post-milking teat condition 挤奶后乳头的状况 Congestion, edema, discoloration 充血, 水肿, 变色 Use a flashlight 使用手电筒 Sometimes easier to feel edema (thickening) 有时更容易感到水肿 ( 变厚 ) Several possible causes: 几个可能的原因 : Mismatch between teat size/shape and liner 乳头尺寸 / 形状和奶衬之间的不匹配 High vacuum levels 高真空度 Pulsation failure 脉动故障 Mismatch between liner and vacuum and pulsation settings 奶衬真空度和脉动设置不匹配

30 Post-milking teat condition 挤奶后乳头的状况 Congestion, edema, discoloration 充血, 水肿, 变色 Teat size or shape fresh cows with swollen teats, or heifers with very short teats may not fit in liner properly for pulsation to relieve congestion 乳头大小和形状初产奶牛乳头肿胀, 或者后备母牛乳头很短, 可能与奶衬不匹配, 导致原本靠正常的脉动来缓解充血的设计失效 Congestion/edema at base of teat high mouthpiece vacuum, long unit on-times causing teatcup to crawl up the teat 乳头底部充血 / 水肿 - 高奶杯口真空度, 长时间挤奶, 奶杯挪位到乳头末端 Congestion/edema along teat barrel pulsation failure, inadequate liner compression 沿乳头导管充血 / 水肿 - 脉动故障, 奶衬挤压不足

sitting during milking, particularly on larger teats, without any swelling or pain

31 Post-milking teat condition 挤奶后乳头的状况 Ringing may be significant if accompanied by edema and/or discomfort 若伴有水肿和 / 或不适, 乳头环变可能明显 Some teats may show a ring where the mouthpiece of the liner was sitting during milking, particularly on larger teats, without any swelling or pain 一些奶头上可能在挤奶时奶杯口位置出现环变, 常见于大的奶头, 无肿胀或疼痛 Swelling at the base of the teat often causes ringing that is significant. 在乳头基底部出现的肿胀往往导致乳头环变明显

32 Impacts on Cow Health & Milk Quality 对奶牛健康和牛奶质量的影响 Main Machine Causes: 主要的机械故障 Pulsation failure (broken pulsators, improper settings) 脉动故障 ( 脉动器不工作, 设置不当 ) Claw vacuum level too high or too low 集乳器真空度过高或过低 Claw vacuum instability (irregular fluctuation) 集乳器真空不稳定 ( 不规则波动 ) Over-milking (at beginning & end of milking process) 过度挤奶 ( 挤奶的开始和结束时 ) Poor pre-milking stimulation 预挤奶刺激不当 Leaving unit on after the cow is milked out 挤过奶后奶杯未及时拿下 Improper cleaning 清洗不当

33 Milking equipment performance 挤奶器械的性能 How do we know if the equipment is not working properly? 我们如何知道设备工作不正常? Most problems can be detected by: 大多数问题可以被检测到 : Cow behavior during milking, post-milking teat condition, milk let-down, residual milk at the end of milking 挤奶时奶牛行为, 挤奶后的乳头状况, 放奶, 挤奶结束残余的牛奶 Visual checks of the equipment 设备的视觉检查 Basic vacuum and pulsation testing 基本真空和脉动测试

34 Equipment testing and monitoring 设备测试和监控

35 Equipment Monitoring 设备的监控 Best case scenario = avoid problems Regular equipment service & maintenance 最好的情况 = 避免问题的出现定期设备维修及保养 Realistic goal = detect problems early 现实的目标 = 及早发现问题 1. Know what it should be 知道它应该是怎样的 Performance standards (NMC, ISO/ASABE) 性能的各项标准 Baseline data for the dairy 乳品业的基准数据 2. Detect changes 发现变化 Regular monitoring protocols 定期监测操作规程

Performance metrics 挤奶系统性能的衡量 Understand that there are industry standards for milking equipment installation and performance 要明白挤奶设备有安装和性能的行业标准 There are

36 Performance metrics 挤奶系统性能的衡量 Understand that there are industry standards for milking equipment installation and performance 要明白挤奶设备有安装和性能的行业标准 There are also particular specifications depending on the type of equipment (liners) you are using 也有因设备 ( 奶衬 ) 的类型不同而起草的个别标准说明 Does your system comply? 您的挤奶系统是否达到以上标准?

37 Performance metrics 挤奶系统性能的衡量 Key NMC Standards & Guidelines: 关键的 NMC 标准与准则 : Peak flow claw vacuum = Hg 峰值流速集乳器真空度 = 英寸汞柱 Milkline vacuum stability within 0.6 Hg 奶线真空度稳定在在 0.6 英寸汞柱 Pulsation 脉动 B phase at least 30% of cycle B 相时间长度至少占循环的 30% D phase not less than 15% or 150ms (200ms) D 相时间长度不小于 15% 或 150 毫秒 (200 毫秒 ) Rate variation +/- 3 cycles per minute / ratio variation +/- 5% 频率变异度 +/-3 次循环每分钟 / 比率变异度 +/- 5% Effective Reserve = Air usage of 1 unit + [(3% of 1 unit air usage) x (# of units)] 有效储备量 =1 个单元的空气用量 +[(1 个单元空气使用量的 3%)X( 挤奶单元数 )] Similar to 35cfm + 1cfm/unit if 5/8 outlet 类似于 35CFM+1CFM/ 单位 (5/8 出口 ) Regulation Efficiency (ER/MR x100) = 90% or greater 真空调节器效率 (ER/ MR X100)= 90% 或更高

Performance metrics 挤奶系统性能的衡量 Boils down to this: 归结为 1. Stable system vacuum 稳定的系统真空 Reserve airflow capacity & regulation 贮备气流速率和调节 2. Claw vacuum in the right range 集乳器真空度在正常的范围内 3.

38 Performance metrics 挤奶系统性能的衡量 Boils down to this: 归结为 1. Stable system vacuum 稳定的系统真空 Reserve airflow capacity & regulation 贮备气流速率和调节 2. Claw vacuum in the right range 集乳器真空度在正常的范围内 3. Functioning pulsation 脉动正常 Can be evaluated with a digital vacuum gauge (~$100) 用数字真空计表来检查 ( 约 100 美元 ) Need a dual-channel vacuum recorder to fully evaluate 用双通道真空记录仪来全面评估 Or you could use your eyes and ears and thumb 或者用眼, 耳和大拇指

39 Equipment testing 设备的测试 Minimum all dairies should have digital vacuum gauge to check vacuum levels in the system 最低要求 - 所有乳品厂应该有数字真空计表来检查系统中的真空度

40 Equipment testing 设备的测试 Permanently installed vacuum gauges may go bad and are hard to read 永久性安装的真空表可能坏掉, 而且难以读数 Need to detect changes in vacuum level as soon as possible to avoid hurting cows 需要尽早发现真空度的变化, 以免伤害奶牛

41 Performance metrics 挤奶系统性能的衡量 A simple digital vacuum gauge can be used to measure: 一个简单的数字真空计可以用来测量 : Milkline vacuum 奶线真空度 Unit fall-off test 杯组滑脱测试 Claw vacuum 集乳器真空度

42 Claw vacuum 杯爪的真空度 Hose from needle in short milk tube to hand held vacuum gauge 将短奶管的针连管到手持式真空计 Stainless test port inserted in the milk line at the claw 不锈钢测试端口插在集乳器的奶线里

43 Performance metrics Boils down to this: 归结为 : 挤奶系统性能的衡量 1. Stable system vacuum 稳定的系统真空 2. Claw vacuum in the right range 集乳器真空度在正常的范围内 3. Functioning pulsation 脉动正常

44 Equipment testing 设备的测试 Many larger dairies also have a dual channel vacuum recorder to test pulsators on a regular basis 许多大型乳品厂也有双通道真空记录仪来定期检测脉动器 Monthly or every 2 weeks 每月或每两周 Depends on how frequently pulsators go bad 取决于脉动器失灵的频率

45 Pulsation 脉动 If no dual-channel vacuum recorder: 如果没有双通道真空记录仪 : Feel short air tubes on each side of unit to see if they are pulsating 感觉下杯组每侧的短空管, 看看他们是否有脉动 Watch cows and check teats after unit removal 观察奶牛和杯组移开后检查奶头 Teat congestion and edema are signs of pulsation failure 乳头充血和水肿脉动失灵的迹象 Put your thumb into the liner and see if you feel pulsation (compare to other units) 把你的大拇指放入奶衬, 看看是否觉得有脉动 ( 和其他杯组比较 ) Plug the other 3 teat cups on that claw 将另外 3 个奶杯堵上

47 Milk Path Effects on Vacuum 挤奶路径对真空的影响 What path does the milk take from the teat to the milk line? 请问牛奶从乳头到挤奶线的路径是什么? Lifting milk to a high pipe line, through hose loops, meters 提升牛奶到高处的管道, 通过软管, 仪表 Friction increased by length of hose 摩擦随软管的长度增加而增加 Resistance to flow pinched hoses, small diameter connections 奶流不畅 - 挤住的软管, 连接处小管径 All of these decrease vacuum in the claw, especially when there is lots of milk flowing through the path 所有的这些都会降低集乳器的真空度, 特别是当大量的奶流经过时 Must set system vacuum higher to achieve desired claw vacuum at peak flow 必须设置更高的系统真空度来保证峰值流速时理想的集乳器真空度 Cows with low flow will experience higher claw vacuum 低奶流量的奶牛将面临更高的集乳器真空度

49 Milk Path Effects on Vacuum 挤奶路径对真空的影响 Components in the milk path sometimes get changed without evaluating the effect on vacuum in the claw 挤奶的路径组件有时被更换, 但没有评估其对集乳器的真空度的影响 Remember 记住 Each milking stall should have the same milk path (hose length, components) 每个挤奶单元应具有相同的挤奶路径 ( 软管长度, 组件 ) Anytime changes are made, check claw vacuum 任何的更改, 都要检查集乳器的真空度

50 Monitoring milking equipment: who, what, and when 监控挤奶设备 : 何人, 何事, 何时 Daily monitoring on the dairy 对乳品的日常监测 Weekly or Monthly checks 每周或每月检查 Yearly testing 年度检验 On-going maintenance 持续性维护 Does the dairy have a service contract or do they do their own maintenance (or a combination of both)? 乳制品设备维护靠签约公司还是靠自己 ( 或两者都有 )?

51 Daily or Each Shift 每天或每个班次 Milkers should note any units that they suspect are not working properly 挤奶员应记录任何他们怀疑是不正常工作的设备 Write stall # in daily log for maintenance 在日志上记下栏号来维护

Large Parlor Daily/Weekly/Monthly Monitoring 大挤奶厅 - 每日 / 每周 / 每月监测 Daily New Sweden Rotary Clean Pulsators, Flush HosesIf Unit Comes Apart Vacuumat VSDController MilkLine Vacuum Manager - CheckClaw

52 Large Parlor Daily/Weekly/Monthly Monitoring 大挤奶厅 - 每日 / 每周 / 每月监测 Daily New Sweden Rotary Clean Pulsators, Flush HosesIf Unit Comes Apart Vacuumat VSDController MilkLine Vacuum Manager - CheckClaw Hoses &Vents Check MilkLine Date Shift 1 Shift 2 Shift 3 Shift 1 Shift 2 Shift 3 Vacuum Shift 1 Shift 2 Shift 3 Fall-Off Test M Max: 1: T Min: 2: W Ave: 3: Th 4: F 5: Sa 6: Su 7: M 8: T 9: W 10: Th 11: F 12: Sa Su M T W Th F Sa Su M T W Th F Sa Su Claw Vacuum at PeakMilk Flow(12 cows) Graph Pulsators Lead Milker: Manager: Date: Monthly

53 Maintenance of milking systems 挤奶系统的维护

54 Maintenance 保养 Maintenance is a constant, important part of keeping milking systems operating 维护是保持挤奶系统正常运行的永恒不变的重要工作 It takes training and expertise 这需要培训和专业技能 Usually a combination of on-farm employees and professional service under contract doing different parts of total maintenance 通常的维护由农场员工和专业的服务公司一起来各司其责 Maintenance Logs: 维护记录 : Written log anytime anyone does anything 书面日志何人在何时做了何事 Schedule w/ check-offs 带检查的进度表 Software, work orders 软件, 工作单

55 Maintenance Issues 维护问题 Cleaning 清洗 Pulsators 脉动器 Regulators 真空调节器 Pumps 泵 Filters 过滤器 Rubber goods 橡胶制品 (lots of others) ( 很多其他的 )

56 Maintenance 保养 Does the dairy know how to do these tasks? Are maintenance tasks getting done? 请问乳品厂知道如何完成这些任务吗? 维护任务完成了吗?

57 Daily or each milking shift 每天或每班 Lead milker measures vacuum level 挤奶工负责人测量真空度 VSD setting / farm gauge VSD? 设定 / 农场? Pump, Milkline or Receiver vacuum 泵, 奶线或集奶罐的真空度 *Remember looking for unexpected changes 请记住要寻找意想不到的变化

58 Daily or Each Shift 每日或每个轮班 Visual check of each unit 每个单元的视觉检查 Cracks or leaks in hoses 软管破裂或泄漏 Claw/liner vents unplugged 集乳器 / 奶衬通气孔未堵上 Functioning pulsation 脉动是否正常 Liner alignment 奶衬对齐

59 Weekly / Monthly 每周 / 每月 Fall-Off Test weekly, biweekly or monthly 杯组滑脱检查 - 每周, 每两周或每月 Graph pulsators monthly or more often 脉动器校正 - 每月或更频繁 Claw vacuums monthly 集乳器真空度 - 每月 Filters on regulators 调节器上的过滤器 General cleanliness 一般清洁 Rubber goods 橡胶制品

60 Cleaning 清洗 Clean in place (CIP) systems only clean the inside of the system. People must clean many other parts. 原位清洁系统 (CIP) 只清洗系统的内部其他许多部件还需人工清洗

61 Pulsator Maintenance 脉冲器的维护 Service according to manufacturer s recommendations OR Graph monthly and modify maintenance schedule as needed 按照制造商的建议维护, 或者每月通过图表和根据需要调整维护进度 Examples: 例如 : GEA major and minor rebuilds, every 6 months or 1,500/3,000 hours 基伊埃集团 - 主要和次要的重建, 每 6 个月或每 1500/3000 小时 Delaval rebuild every 2,500 hours 利拉伐 - 每 2500 小时重建

62 Daily or Each Shift 每日或每班 If a unit comes apart during milking and the liner is loosened: 如果一个奶杯组在挤奶程中散开和奶衬松动 : Disassemble and clean pulsator 拆开和清洗脉动器 Flush pulsation hoses 冲洗脉动器软管

63 Pulsator Maintenance 脉动器的维护 Check & clean air filters monthly, change yearly 每月检查并清洗空气过滤器, 每年更换一次

64 Pulsator Maintenance 脉冲器维修 Check pulsator line vacuum 检查脉冲器管线真空度 Check pulsator line drains (and/or check end caps for crud) 检查脉冲器管线渗漏情况 ( 和或者检测端盖的脏污 )

泡沫过滤器在热肥皂水洗, 反复冲洗干净, 并挤干 ( 至少每月一次 ) Dome filter - change weekly or as often as needed

65 Regulators 真空调节器 Check service manual for cleaning instructions 参照服务手册的清洁说明 Foam filter wash in hot soapy water, rinse repeatedly and squeeze dry (at least monthly). 泡沫过滤器在热肥皂水洗, 反复冲洗干净, 并挤干 ( 至少每月一次 ) Dome filter - change weekly or as often as needed (when 0.5 Hg difference with filter on and off?) 圆顶过滤器 - 每星期更换或根据需要更换 ( 当开启和关闭过滤器有 0.5 汞柱的差别时 )

67 Rubber Goods 橡胶制品 Replace rubber liners every ~2,500 milkings 每 2500 次挤奶更换橡胶奶衬 Replace short air tubes every 2 months 每 2 个月更换短空管 Replace milk hoses every 4 months 每 4 个月更换软奶管 Replace drain hoses every 6 months 每 6 个月更换排水管 Replace claw gaskets and valves every 6 months 每 6 个月更换集乳器垫圈和阀 Replace pulsation hoses, wash hoses, milkline and other gaskets yearly 每年更换脉动管, 洗管, 奶线垫圈或更经常

70 Other examples 其他例子 Check filter tank monthly 每月检查滤池 Replace air injector filter every 3 months 每 3 个月更换空气喷射器过滤器 Clean & lubricate unit retraction cylinders 清洁和润滑挤奶单元的回缩活塞 ( 气缸 )? Rebuild duck bills 重建鸭法案?? Rebuild milk pumps 重建奶泵 Backflush vacuum pumps, change oil in pump drives 反冲真空泵, 更换泵驱动器的机油 etc., etc., etc. 等等

71 Why does milking machine function matter? 为什么挤奶机功能很重要? Potential Consequences 可能导致的后果 Catastrophic equipment failure 灾难性设备故障 Increased SCC and clinical mastitis 体细胞数和临床型乳房炎发生率上升 Increased bacterial counts 细菌数增加 Poor teat condition 乳头受损 Cow behavior (kicking, stepping, poor let-down, won t load) 牛的行为 ( 踢, 踩, 放奶差, 不愿挤奶 ) Decreased milk harvest 牛奶产量下降 Worker frustration 工人挫败感增加 Parlor inefficiency 挤奶厅工作效率下降 Systems must be in place to assure that milking systems work properly every day. 检测体制必须到位来保证挤奶系统每天都正常工作

72 Thank you for your attention 感谢您的关注

BC04 Module_antenna__ doc

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Understanding milking equipment and key performance indicators 了解挤奶设备和关键生产指标 Erin Royster DVM, MS 艾琳 罗伊斯特 John Fetrow VMD, MBA 约翰 费绰 UNIVERSITY OF MIN

Understanding milking equipment and key performance indicators 了解挤奶设备和关键生产指标 Erin Royster DVM, MS 艾琳罗伊斯特 John Fetrow VMD, MBA 约翰费绰 UNIVERSITY OF MIN