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顷筵易
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1 Click Click to to edit edit Master Master title title style style Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level 1 11/17/2015 1

核蛋白 (A,B & C 型 ) Envelope 衣殼 MAN PIG HORSE BIRD 人類豬馬禽類 H types H1

2 Influenza Virus 流感病毒 Haemagglutinin 血球凝集素 (H) Neuraminidase 神經氨酸酶 (N) RNA (8 segments) 核糖核酸 (8 個片段 ) Nucleoprotein (A,B & C types) 核蛋白 (A,B & C 型 ) Envelope 衣殼 MAN PIG HORSE BIRD 人類豬馬禽類 H types H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11-H16 N types N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 2

3 Evolution of Influenza A Virus Pandemic Strains 甲型流感病毒株演化史 Current 現時 H2N2 H3N8 H1N1 H2N2 H3N2 H1N1 A(H1N1)pdm09 H3N2 & A(H1N1)pdm09 Spanish Asian Hong Kong Russian Swine?? 5 6 A(H1N1)pdm09 8? 3 2 H3N2 3 H1N1 H2N2 H3N? Avian Swine Avian 禽流感豬流感禽流感

4 Avian 禽流感病毒 Generation of new influenza viruses 新型流感病毒演化 Cell cytoplasm 細胞質 Progeny reassortants 256 different combinations 後代基因重組有 256 可能的組合 H5N1 Infection of both viruses into the same cell 同時感染兩株病毒株 H5N2 H5N1 Genomic exchange 基因組互換 H3N1 4 H3N2 Human/ 人流感病毒 H3N2

5 Evolution of New Influenza Virus 新興流感病毒演化 - cross infection of human & avian influenza in pigs 人流感病毒及禽流感病毒在豬隻中交叉感染 - leading to reassortment of genes and new strains 造成基因重組及新病毒株出現 X X Transmission of avian flu to pigs 禽流感傳染至豬隻 Transmission of human flu to pigs by aerosol 人流感病毒通過飛沫傳播感染豬集 New flu virus 新型病毒株 Spread by Aerosol 飛沫傳播 X 5

6 Influenza vaccines production 流感疫苗流感疫苗製造流程二月三月四月五月六月七月八月九月十月世衞歐盟公共部門可取得疫苗臨床測試使用許可文件霍亂疫苗疫苗效力試劑開放使用該批次疫苗疫苗生產抗體臨床疫苗試驗期病毒株生產疫苗 / 調製配方 / 管理品質 Vaccine manufacturers 疫苗生產 6

7 WHO influenza vaccine virus selection process 世衞選擇流感疫苗病毒株流程選擇流感疫苗病毒株所需的科研數據比較疫苗病毒株抑制試驗的方法基因序列數據庫奧司他韋扎那米韋其他病毒的抗藥性反應人用疫苗血清相關數據其他資訊選擇流感疫苗病毒株 7

8 4th WHO Informal Consultation for Improving Influenza Vaccine Virus Selection 第四屆世衞非正式諮詢會 : 改進流感疫苗病毒株選擇建議 Scope and Objectives / 討論範圍及目的 Examine ways by which the process of selecting viruses for influenza vaccines production can be further improved 檢視流感疫苗病毒株的選擇過程以進一步改善未來的流感疫苗生產 120 local and international influenza experts 120 位來自世界各地的流感病毒專家和政府代表共同參與 Enhance global surveillance of circulating and emerging influenza viruses 改善全球性監測流感病毒株及新型流感病毒株 The use of new technologies and tools 如何應用創新技術與工具 8

9 GISAID-ISIRV Workshop on Genetic Analyses of Influenza Viruses 流感病毒株基因分析研討會 PolyU collaborates with Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and the International Society for Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases (ISIRV) 理大與全球共享禽流感數據倡議組織 (GISAID) 及國際流感和呼吸道病毒感染學會 (ISIRV) 共同組織而成 Enables experts and researchers to exchange genome information and expertise 各地流感專家就流感病毒株基因組數據交流資訊及意見 Analytics on interpreting mutation and variation of human and animal influenza viruses 鑑定並分析人類及動物流感病毒的抗原變異以應用於未來的研究 Enhance our understanding in epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses 增加與會人員對流感病毒株流行病學研究及抗原變異等情況的了解 9

10 10 PolyU research on animal vaccines 理大在動物疫苗方面之相關研究

11 Motivation 出發點 Animal diseases cost the loss of millions of dollars every year 食用性動物疾病的爆發造成龐大的社會經濟損失 Fighting these diseases create other problems 治療這些疾病的同時卻帶來新的問題 Antibiotics abuse 濫用抗生素 Food Safety problems from chemicals 化學添加物帶來的食安問題 Environmental contamination 污染環境 Animal vaccine is the best method to solve this problem 使用動物疫苗是最佳方法 11

12 Animal Vaccines 動物疫苗 Some commercial animal vaccines are available 目前市面上可取得的動物性疫苗可預防 Newcastle disease for chicken 新城疫病毒 ( 雞 ) USDA plans to test avian flu vaccine 美國農業部將會測試禽流感的疫苗 Use of animal vaccines is compulsory for some diseases in some countries but most are voluntary 部份國家強制規定畜牧業施用動物性疫苗 Animal vaccines are more common for land farm animals than aquaculture 動物疫苗在畜牧業比水產養殖業中更常使用 12

13 Difficulties in developing animal vaccines 開發動物性疫苗之困難 1. Food animals have immune system different from mammals 食用性動物與哺乳類動物的免疫系統不同 Some fish have no immune memory T cells 魚類沒有 T 淋巴細胞 Shrimp has no antibodies 蝦類不會產生抗體 2. Administration of vaccines require new technologies 需要開發創新技術以嶄新方法施用動物疫苗 Most animal vaccines are administered through needle injection 大部份動物性疫苗採用注射方法 Other routes of vaccine administration are more convenient but not as effective 現時方便的疫苗給藥方式效用低 > Oral, spray etc. 口服噴藥等 13

14 Research directions of FSTRC 食品安全和技術研究中心的科研方向 Focus on common diseases on 4 main groups of food animals 針對四種常見食用性動物的預防疾病方法 Poultry 家禽類 Pigs 豬隻 Fishes 魚類 Shrimp 蝦類 Adapting our patented, award-winning technology in food grade nanomaterials and encapsulation to animal vaccine administration 利用本中心已獲得專利屢獲殊榮的技術, 已開發納米材料和封裝科技等優勢, 進一步應用於研究動物疫苗 14

Encapsulation Technologies 納米封裝技術 Can wrap

可將大分子包裝於納米微米等級的顆粒裡 Make use of food grade

屬於安全食品, 並且可分解性 Surface properties can be

15 Encapsulation Technologies 納米封裝技術 Can wrap materials at nano, micro or larger scale 可將大分子包裝於納米微米等級的顆粒裡 Make use of food grade materials that is safe and biodegradable 屬於安全食品, 並且可分解性 Surface properties can be adjusted for beset delivery 可透過包裝材料的表面達致最好的傳遞效果 Easily absorbed by cells 容易被細胞吸收 15 Langmuir, 2010 Langmuir, 2012 Colloid and Polymer Sci, 2012 Food Hydrocolloids 2012 US Patent, 13/085,088 Image: courtesy of Dr Wang Yi

release materials in the stomach, small intestine

16 Food Grade Capsules for Targeted Drug Delivery 食物級定向輸送藥物 Unique capsulation technology that can release materials in the stomach, small intestine or large intestine 獨特的包裝材料可將藥物傳送到胃小腸或大腸, 令藥物發揮最大的療效 16

17 Food grade nanomaterials 食品級納米材料 Special edible nanoparticles made entirely out of food grade materials 完全由食物原料製作的食品級納米顆粒 High uptake in cells 高度被細胞吸收 Stimulate immune response of the body 刺激自體免疫系統 Can become good adjuvant for vaccine delivery 能成為疫苗配方中有效的輔助劑 17

18 Expected output 預期成果 Improved understanding of food animal s immune system 更進一步了解食用性動物的免疫系統 New vaccine delivery technologies 更便利的疫苗給藥方式 Novel vaccine adjuvant materials 開發創新的疫苗輔助劑 Effective, easy-to-use animal vaccines 有效且方便使用的動物性疫苗 18

Microsoft PowerPoint - H1N1 新型流感的認識與防治

Microsoft PowerPoint - H1N1 新型流感的認識與防治 H1N1 新型流感的認識與防治衛生署疾病管制局江大雄 1 猪流感疫情發生起源世界衛生組織通報, 美國和墨西哥發生人感染 A 型 H1N1 猪流感疫情自 2009 年 3 月 18 日以來, 墨西哥流感樣病例呈上升趨勢截至 4 月 24 日, 墨西哥先後發生