Eadweard Muybridge Scientific American Scientific American A - F Stanford

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1 3 6 Vol. 3 No Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology Dec. 204 雷志华 2, 高策铜奔马是一件罕见的青铜雕塑, 被确认为中国旅游标志然而, 关于奔马及其蹄下飞鸟的讨论, 学术界尚存较大分歧, 这件雕塑的命名也至今没有定论结合摄影史资料和出土材料进行分析, 指出铜奔马塑造了真实准确四肢腾空的奔跑姿势, 飞鸟起支撑马身和保持其平衡的作用, 同时也以此显示奔马正处于四足腾空的状态通过对东西方艺术中奔马形象的比较, 初步探讨了这种姿势的来源及产生铜奔马 ; 马踏飞燕 ; 中国旅游标志 ; 麦布里奇 ; 画像石 N09 A 贵州师范大学博士科研启动基金项目 ( 编号社科博 ( 203) ) 雷志华 ( ), 男, 湖南郴州人, 科技史博士, 贵州师范大学马克思主义学院教师, 研究方向为科技史摄影史 ; 高策 ( ), 男, 山西乡宁人, 山西大学科学技术史研究所教授博士生导师, 研究方向为科技史

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5 [3] 牛龙菲. 说武威雷台出土之铜铸天马 [J]. 敦煌学辑刊,984( ) : [4] 张永明. 简论武威雷台出土东汉铜马的称名问题 [J]. 甘肃社会科学,984( ) : [5] 伍德煦, 陈守忠. 武威雷台汉墓出土铜奔马命名商榷 34 [J]. 西北师大学报 : 社会科学版,984( 3) : [6] 周本雄. 武威雷台东汉铜奔马三题 [J]. 考古,988( 5) : [7] 吕胜中. 造型原本 : 讲卷 [M]. 北京 : 北京大学出版社, : [8]Stillman J D B. The Horse in Motionas Shown by Instantaneous Photography,with a Study on Animal Mechanics Foun- ded on Anatomy and the Revelations of the Camera,in Which is demonstrated the Theory of Quadrupedal Locomotion [M]. Boston: John Wilson and Son,Cambridge Univer- sity Press,882.. [9]Kirby T,et al. The Genius of Photography: How Photography has changed Our Lives [CP / CD]. BBC, [0]A Horse s Motion Scientifically Determined [J]. Scientific American,878,39( 6) : 24. []The Horse in Motion [J]. Nature,882,26( 66) : 96. [2] 盖山林. 和林格尔汉墓壁画 [M]. 呼和浩特 : 内蒙古人 3. 民出版社,977. [3] 焦德森. 山东汉画像石 [M]/ / 中国画像石全集编辑委员会. 中国画像石全集 : 第 3 卷. 济南 : 山东美术出版社,2000: 5. [4] 蒋英炬. 山东汉画像石 [M]/ / 中国画像石全集编辑委员会. 中国画像石全集 : 第卷. 济南 : 山东美术出版社,2000: [5] 张文军. 河南画像砖 [M]/ / 中国画像砖全集编辑委员会. 中国画像砖全集 : 第 2 卷. 成都 : 四川美术出版社, 致谢 : 本文的写作得到了比利时布鲁塞尔自由 2006: 86. 大学艺术与哲学学院保罗于文纳教授 ( Paul Huvenne) 的帮助, 谨致谢忱! 员会. 中国画像石全集 : 第 2 卷. 济南 : [6] 赖非. 山东汉画像石 [M]/ / 中国画像石全集编辑委山东美术出版 [] 甘博文. 甘肃武威雷台东汉墓清理简报 [J]. 文物,972 ( 2) : [2] 甘肃省博物馆. 武威雷台汉墓 [J]. 考古学报,974( 2) : 社,2000: 02. [7] 初师宾, 张朋川. 雷台东汉墓的车马组合和墓主人初探 [J]. 考古与文物,982( 2) : [8] 顾铁符. 奔马袭乌马式 : 试论武威奔马的科学价值 [J]. 考古与文物,982( 2) : [9] 胡平生. 马踏飞鸟是相马法式 [J]. 文物,989( 6) : Paul Huvenne 85

6 - 83. [20] 曹定云. 武威雷台奔马铜雕应是天马逮乌 : 兼论天马的由来和发展 [J]. 考古与文物,2004( 4) : [2] 河北省文化局文物工作队. 望都二号汉墓 [M]. 北京 : 文物出版社,959: 24. [22] 顾森. 秦汉绘画史 [M]. 北京 : 人民美术出版社,2000: 4,283. [23] 马王堆汉墓帛书整理小组. 马王堆汉墓帛书相马经释文 [J]. 文物,977( 8) : [24] 谢成侠. 关于长沙马王堆汉墓帛书相马经的探讨 [J]. 文物,977( 8) : [25] 司马迁. 史记 : 第 0 册 [M]. 北京 : 中华书局,982. [26] 范晔. 后汉书 : 第 3 册 [M]. 北京 : 中华书局,965. [27] 三辅黄图 [M]. 北京 : 中华书局,985: 25. [28]Forster - Hahn F. Marey,Muybridge and Meissonier: The Study of Movement in Science and Art [C]/ / Art Department of Stanford University: Eadweard Muybridge: The Stanford Years, Art Department of Stanford University,972. [29] 转自引 Kemp M. Seen /Unseen: Art,Science,and Intuition from Leonardo to the Hubble Telescope [M]. New York: Oxford University Press,2006: 304. [30]Gombrich E H. The Story of Art[M]. 6th ed. London: Phaidon Press,999: [3]Galton F. Conventional Representation of the Horse in Motion [J]. Nature,882,26( 662) : [32]Libet B. Unconscious Cerebral Initiative and the Role of Conscious will in Voluntary Action [J]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences,985,8( 4) : [33]Efron R. The Duration of the Present[J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,967,38: [34]Crick F. The Astonishing Hypothesis: the Scientific Search for the Soul [M]. [S.. ]: Simon & Schuster,994: Posture of Tongbenma LEI Zhi - hua GAO Ce 2. School of Marxism Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China 2. Institute for the History of Science and Technology Shanxi University Taiyuan China Abstract Tongbenma a rare bronze horse sculpture was designated as the emblem of China tourism in 983. Nowadays researchers still have different opinions on the sculpture s galloping horse and flying bird. No final conclusion has yet been reached on the name of the sculpture. With evidence from history of photography and unearthed relics the authors try to prove that Tongbenma assume a real and accurate posture with all the hooves of the horse leaving the ground. The authors point out that the main functions of the bird are as follows firstly sustaining the horse and keeping its balance secondly showing the state that neither of the horse s hooves are connected with the ground. Based on the comparison of Eastern and Western art of depicting horses in motion the authors also discuss the source and origin of the posture of Tongbenma. Key words Tongbenma bronze galloping horse Matafeiyan horse stepping on flying swallow emblem of China tourism Eadweard Muybridge relief stone 86

ZHONG Chong A Study on the Map of Provincial Capital of Zhejiang Past and Present 1914 1914 1922 9 45. 5 67. 2 1 1929 3 1912 1929 1907 1909 1909 1912

200234 K921 /927 A 1674-2338 2014 01-0058 - 09 19 20 1 2 2013-08 - 04 41271154 1870-1919 2011BCK001 1971-58 ZHONG Chong A Study on the Map of Provincial Capital of Zhejiang Past and Present 1914 1914 1922