(modern) (modernus) 5 1 : 2 : : 3 1 : : : : : :

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "(modern) (modernus) 5 1 : 2 : : 3 1 : : : : : :"

尤用毕
5 years ago
Views:

1 Philosophical Analysis Vol.2 No.4 Aug : : 20 : ; ; ; ; :B82 :A : (2011) (Rosalind Hursthouse) 1 20 : : : ( :[2010]041) 1 Rosalind Hursthouse On Virtue Ethics Oxford: Oxford University Press 1999 p

2 (modern) (modernus) 5 1 : 2 : : 3 1 : : : : : :

3 : 1 ; : 1 : : : : : : : : : : : : Bent Flyvbjerb Aristotle Foucault and Progressive Phronesis: Outline of an Applied Ethics for Sustainable Development in Applied Ethics: A Reader edited by Earl R.Winkler and Jerrold R.Coombs Oxford: Blackwell 1993 p : : :

4 : 2 : 3 4 : : : : 93 3 : : : : : :

5 : 1 : 2 : G. E M. : : 1903 G. E : : : : 1900 : : : G. E. Moore Preface to the First Edition in Principia Ethica Cambridge University Press 1993 Photocopied by China Social Sciences Publishing House Chengcheng Books LTD(Beijing)

6 ( ) : ( : ) ( ) 84

7 : : : ;( ) ; ; ; 3 (reductionist) (eliminativist) ; (wrong) 4 1 Elizabeth Anscombe Modern Moral Philosophy in Doing and Being: Selected Readings in Moral Philosophy edited by Joram Graf Haber New York: Macmillan Publishing Company 1993 p Ibid. p Ibid. p Ibid. p

8 : / : Elizabeth Anscombe Modern Moral Philosophy p Philippa Foot Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives Virtues and Vices Los Angeles: University of California Press Elizabeth Anscombe Modern Moral Philosophy p Ibid. 5 Ibid. p Ibid. p Ibid. p

9 : ( Ross Robert Nozick) ; :?? 1? (Robert Louden) : 2 ; ; ( ) 1 Bernard Williams Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy Massachusetts: Harvard University Press 1985 p Robert B. Louden Virtue Ethics and Anti-Theory Philosophia Vol. 20 No p

10 (David Norton) (supererogation) J. O. 2 (J. O. Urmsom) ( ) ( ) 3 4 : ( ) : (virtue) 5 1 David Norton Moral Minimalism and the Development of Moral Character Midwest Studies in Philosophy Vol. XIII 1988 pp J. O. Urmsom Saints and Heroes Essays in Moral Philosophy edited by A. I. Melden Seattle: University of Washington Press 1958 pp Michael Slote From Morality to Virtue Oxford University Press 1995 p Ibid. pp : :? :

11 : : 1 (Michael Stocher) 2 : (1) ;(2) ;(3) 3 (1) ;(2) (1) ;(2) ;(3) ; ; 4 : : 5 1 Bernard Williams Problems of the Self New York: Cambridge University Press 1973 p Michael Stocker The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories The Journal of Philosophy Vol pp David Solomon Internal Objections to Virtue Ethics Midwest Studies in Philosophy Vol. XIII 1988 p Stephen M. Gardiner Virtue Ethics Here and Now Virtue Ethics Old and New edited by Stephen M. Gardiner London:Cornell University Press 2005 p : :

12 : 1 2 : ( ) ( ) 3 ( : ) 1 : : Martha C. Nussbaum Virtue Ethics: A Misleading Category? The Journal of Ethics 3 Kluwer Academic Publishers Printed in the Netherlands p

13 Abstracts existence of early civilizations. On this basis the abstract Dao becomes the origin of all things and the principle with which all things comply. If Dao is considerded as the truth natural is the absolute truth which guides running and development of Dao. As an absolute truth nature in the process of externalization changes its forms: in the ethical stage nature maintains the truth of Dao ; in the alienation phase the natural Dao is alienated as De ( virtue ) and without morality ; in the moral stage it is the natural way to restore the perfection of nature and will ultimately achieve Dao and De in harmony with nature. Key words: Natural; Tao; Appearance; Virtue The Concepts of in Ancient Indian Philosophy YAO Wei-qun Abstract: The concepts of have an important influence in ancient Indian philosophy. Most of the philosophical schools in Indian history have paid their attentions to. Ny 觀 ya and New Sarv 觀 sti -v 觀 din in Buddhism. They hold that paramqzu is the smallest material unit many such units can form world things and the is real. Ved 觀 nta and hold that is unreal. Yog 觀 c 觀 ra in Buddhism partly admits the function of but also considers that the concepts of are falsely established in reality. These different viewpoints of have close connection with the main trend of their theoretical systems. The comparison and analysis on different types of theories have positive significance for seeing the features of Indian philosophy. Key words: ; element; ; Ved 觀 nta; Buddhism Analysis of Some Classical Propositions in Western Eudaemonics WANG Lu-ning Abstract:Many famous philosophers thinkers and many important ethical and philosophical schools are concerned about "the concept of happiness" and the nature of well-being. However in all kinds of old philosophy before Marxist there is no systematic and complete concept of happiness. They also failed to reveal the nature of happiness. The different definitions of Well-being and related classic proposition are always reflected in the general nature of the different concepts of happiness. Therefore the assessment of the nature of happiness in traditional philosophy and ethics circles are essentially the analysis of the classic propositions and definitions of happiness in Western Eudaemonics tradition. According to the development of Western theories about happiness these propositions and definitions can be divided into three basic types. It is necessary to analyze these types from the view of the nature happiness. Key words: Western Eudaemonics; view of the nature of happiness; classical propositions Thought and Exploration in Modern Virtue Crisis: The Revival of Western Virtue Ethics YANG Bao Abstract:The western virtue ethics has begun a revival since 1950 s or 1960 s. In the view of socio-historical conditions there has been a growing virtue crisis with the problems of modern morality since the Enlightenment. As a result it is making a possible background for the revival of virtue ethics 197

14 Philosophical Analysis in practice. Theoretically both utilitarianism and deontology cannot resolve the inner state of mental disorder and there are increasing number of people dissatisfied with the situation. Therefore virtue ethics develops quickly by its merits in contrast to rule ethics. Key words:modern virtue crisis; Western virtue ethics; revival; Utilitarianism; Kantianism Philosophical Analysis of Institutional Function LI Zhi-chang Abstract: This paper argues that the function of institution in the sense of norm and regulation is to control over human social behavior. Control is to guide human social behavior while "guide" includes restraint and limitation also includes inspiration and precipitation. To control over human behavior is quite different from the control of mechanical system for human behavior is controlled by the interaction between internal control commands and external commands. Moreover the functions of institutional control can be divided into three basic types: the inspiration of human social behavior precipitation and prohibition. Hence institution can be divided into system of inspiration system of precipitation and system of prohibit according to the function of institution. However the rules and scheme of these three kinds of systems are different. Some emphasizes certain kind of function while others stress synthetic function. In sum the implement of institution relies on the control of human behavior through the institutional regulations. Key words: institution; control; inspiration; precipitation; prohibition Freedom is the Unity of Truth Good and Beauty in Practice CHEN Shi-wei Abstract: If really want to understand freedom at first we must talk about the relationship between freedom and necessity. Different solutions in the history of philosophy have failed to get scientific explainations of freedom for lack of scientific meaning of practice. After the introduction of the concept of practice Marxist philosophy really found that freedom is the understanding of necessity and the transformations of objective world. Furthermore it is the unity of truth good and beauty. Key words: freedom; necessity; practice; truth; good; beauty Marxism and the Critique of Social Rationality: From Surplus Value to the Politics of Technology Andrew Lewis Feenberg Abstract: The most effective way to silence criticism is a justification on the very terms of the likely critique. When an action is rationally justified how can reason deny its legitimacy? This paper concerns critical strategies that have been employed for addressing the resistance of rationality to rational critique particularly with respect to technology. Foucault addressed this problem in his theory of power/knowledge. This paper explores Marx s anticipation of that approach in his critique of the social rationality of the market and technology. Marx got around the silencing effect of social rationality with something very much like the concept of underdetermination in his discussion of the length of the working day. There are hints of a critique of technology in his writings as well. In the 1960s and 1970s neo -Marxists and poststructuralists demanded radical changes in the technological rationality of advanced societies. Soon technical controversies spread primarily through the 198

~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ 36 4 2015 385 ~ 397 The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology Vol. 36 No. 4 2015 1951 ~ 1956 100049 100190 1951 ~ 1966 1951 ~ 1956 N092 P62-092 A 1673-1441 2015 04-0385-13 1951 ~ 1966