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1 No Vol. 9 倪玉平高晓燕 % DOI: /j.cnki.qhdz Mt. Tambora Climatic Changes and China s Decline in the Nineteenth Century Journal of World History

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12 ABSTR ACTS had divergences on specific problems they observed the principle of judicial independence strictly which guaranteed the legitimacy of the judgments on the basis of international rule of law. Environmental Assessment Local Official Promotion and Environmental Management Empirical Evidence from 86 Main Cities of China Sun Weizeng Luo Danglun Zheng Siqi Wan Guanghua In the past due to the excessive pursuit of political promotion incentive based on economic growth by local officials China experienced a rapid economic growth but meanwhile the environmental pollution and energy consumption has become even more serious. With the evaluation mechanism of local officials becomes more scientific the environmental assessment which mainly consists of the improvement of environment quality and energy efficiency already have some positive effect on the probability of local official promotion and in larger cities or cities with stronger executive power the effect is more significant. The changes effectively promote the sustainable economic growth in urban China. In addition the education level of local officials and publics also has a positive effect on the improvement of environment quality of the city. Pioneer of Ecological Civilization Chinese Forest Road Hu Angang Shen Ruomeng Forest construction is a microcosm of Chinese ecological civilization construction process. Chinese forest construction concept evolved from forestry economic benefit priority to ecological benefit priority forest construction system evolved from completely planning system to government-market work-together system forest organization evolved from central government oriented mode to the local-central co-ordination mode. Ultimately China a- chieved the green miracle since 1990s without reining in economy development and changed from forest deficit to forest surplus. With the deepening in the concept of forest properties the government continues to adjust the general idea objectives and policy system in forest construction and eventually explores a featured road which employs government invest in purchasing eco-products encourages the market-government compatibility as well as central-local ecological incentive compatibility. Above all the case acts as a typical case in ecological civilization construction and a solid policy practice. The Terms of University in Medieval Europe Zhang Tao The medieval university had three terms universitas studium studium generale. According to historical records in Latin language the above three terms appeared in a chronological sequence which did not substitute for each other in the Middle Ages. Each one of them referred to a particular aspect of the medieval university universitas was the form of its organization studium indicated its teaching model as a school studium generale demonstrated its universal recognized privilege. The proofs for this explanation come from Latin sources. Meanwhile the information in these sources outlined the origin of universities in Europe at the end of the 1th century and the beginning of the 13th century. The Serious Flood and Financial Loss in 183 During the Qing Dynasty in China Ni Yuping Gao Xiaoyan In the year of 183 there broke out a big flood during the Qing Dynasty in China. About 340 counties were in flood and half of them were in disaster. A heaved loss happened. The loss can be divided into two kinds direct loss and indirect loss. The total loss was about 4 million tale of silver more than half of annual financial 171

13 income. Many scholars believe that because of this big flood China entered into the economy depression. Humans Follow Earth and Its Contemporary Significance On New Taoism Li Ruohui The construction of contemporary New Taoism should be based on Chinese reality to solve the fundamental issue of contemporary China. To Laozi individual was philosophical with the particular life experience that could be perceived universally the individuals resisted the power of universal necessity and refused to go against their own appreciation and judgment in terms with scientific arguments on universal necessity. How to live according to Tao depends on how de of human is stipulated. Humans live in the world in the form of group. To Laozi the principle of grouping is that humans follow earth. Customs were the best combination of local cultures and folks and also the best living style of local people. The custom-based regional tradition enabled the people living in the same place to become a group and Home State-cultural-political community. These are the intellectual heritage left by Laozi. The Relationship Between Tscha Hung s Thoughts and the School of Post-practice Aesthetics in Contemporary China Wan Xiaoping This paper discusses the relationship between Tscha Hung s thoughts which is logical empiricism and the school of post-practice aesthetics in contemporary China. The latter does not answer Tscha Hung s question to the old metaphysics thus it is still a kind of old metaphysics. However contemporary aesthetics of China cannot develop unless we solve the problem of Tscha Hung and unite scientism and the humanism. The Concept of Qing-fu of the Living Aesthetics in the Late Ming Dynasty Zhao Qiang Wang Que In Chinese conventional life notion being able to enjoy Qing-fu means to hold a beautiful pure happiness. This view was taken to its logical extreme during the Late Ming Dynasty when the scholars who played an important social sole tended to focus on their daily life. They tried to across the boundaries between perceptual and the rational body experience and aesthetic experience daily life and artistic life or philosophical exercise in order to establish a theory system that was named living aesthetics nowadays. It is different from the Chinese traditional life ideology and classical aesthetics which leads the scholars to an elegant peaceful and happy daily life. The Identity of Fu-she Turncoat-official Take Meditate on the Poetry of History as Research Center Liu Xuan Identity crisis of Fu-she turncoat-official was caused by society stigma and tremendous contrast before and after the identity. Comparing with odes of the past time the identity of meditate on the poetry of history is unconscious reveal and more real. The purpose that Fu-she turncoat-official chant previous generation turncoat-official looked for prototype to solidify the subject identity. Contradiction between adherents of yearning and hermit theme exposed community preference outside of Fu-she turncoat-official and negative identity about self community identity. However in jiangnan theme identity of people in the Ming dynasty and the identity of people in the Qing dynasty appeared in different conditions which reflected the vacillation and uncertainty of the turncoat-official identity. 17 ( 下转封三 )

GDP ( 周黎安,2007; Li 和 Zhou,2005; 徐现祥等,2007) 2005 GDP GDP ( 杨海生等,2008) 2003 GDP 2012 PM PM10 EKC 50

GDP ( 周黎安,2007; Li 和 Zhou,2005; 徐现祥等,2007) 2005 GDP GDP ( 杨海生等,2008) 2003 GDP 2012 PM PM10 EKC 50 2014 4 29 No. 4 2014 Vol. 29 2004 2009 86 孙伟增罗党论郑思齐万广华 GDP EKC GDP 70973065 71273154 NCET - - 0313 09&ZD042 100084 510275 DOI:10.13613/j.cnki.qhdz.002241 30 30 10 GDP 10% 6. 5% 2. 1% 1. 1% 1 2010 5 5 5