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4 system) ; ( ) (NewInstitutionalism)2 (embeddedness)3 4 (complementarity) B.HolmstromandP.Milgrom MultitaskPrincipal-AgentAnalysis:IncentiveContracts AssetOwnershipandJob Design"Journalof LawEconomics & Organizationvol.7 SpecialIssue99pp.24-52;B.HolmstromandP.Milgrom TheFirmasanIncentive System"The American Economic Reviewvol.84no.4994pp : P.Haland R.Taylor PoliticalScienceandthe Three New Institutionalisms" PoliticalStudiesvol.44no.5 996pp K.Polanyi TheEconomyas InstitutedProcess"inE.LeClairand H.Schneidereds.Economic Anthropology New York:HoltRinehartand Winston968p.26. P.HalandD.Soskiceeds.Varietiesof Capitalism:TheInstitutionalFoundations of Comparative AdvantageNew York:OxfordUniversityPress200. (TheTheoriesofOptimizationof SupermodularFunctionsandofSupermodularGames) :D.Topkis MinimizingaSubmodularFunctiononaLatice"Operations Researchvol.26no.2978pp ;D.Topkis Equilibrium PointsinNonzero-Sum n-personsubmodulargames"siam Journalof Controland Optimizationvol.7 no.6979pp ;p.milgromandj.roberts RationalizabilityLearningand 69

5 206 8 (elements) ; 2 () (2) ( ) EquilibriuminGameswithStrategicComplementarities"Econometricavol.58no.6 990pp ;P. Milgrom and J.Roberts Comparing Equilibria" The American Economic Reviewvol.84no.3994pp ;P.Milgrom and C. Shannon MonotoneComparativeStatics"Econometricavol.62no. 994pp (0) P.MilgromandJ.Roberts ComplementaritiesandSystems:UnderstandingJapanese EconomicOrganization"EstudiosEconomicosvol.9no. 994pp A.W.A.BootandA.V.Thakor Self-InterestedBankRegulation"The American Economic Reviewvol.83no.2993pp ;M.DewatripontandJ.Tirole The PrudentialRegulationof BanksCambridgeMA:MITPress

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25 ABSTRACTS engineering.asanewformbywhichsocialagentscanadapttorelyupontransform andchangethesocialworldproducingandreproducingtheir socialrelations socialengineeringhasbecomeabasicwayinwhichhumanbeingsin modernsociety cangrasptheworld;itisthusthetransformingormodernnarrativeformofmarx s practicaldialectics.reformandopeningtotheoutsideworldwhicharestilongoing andwilnevercometoanendrepresentsystemengineeringandthesocialengineering formofpracticaldialecticsimplementstop-leveldesignwithstrategicthinkinggrasps progressivedirectionswithhistoricalthinkinglearnsabouttherulesofpracticewith dialecticalthinkinghandlestransformativecapabilitywithinnovativethinkingand fulfilsminimumgoalswithbotom-linethinking.inthissensethe five-in-one overal planofsocialism withchinesecharacteristicsthe Four-Comprehensives strategic planningofthecpcfornationalgovernanceandthefiveideasof innovativecoordinated greenopenandshared developmentconstitutetheunityofboththeoreticaland practicallogicinsocialengineering methodology.thethreetogetherformthestrict logicalsystemofsocialengineeringwhichwilenablechinatofacethefuture sequel tomodernity. (3)TheNewConstructionofEmpiricisminPhilosophyofScience Liu Dachunand ZhaoJunhai 47 Theconstructivistempiricistmodeofconstructivismisacurentthathasprofoundly influencedthedevelopmentofphilosophyofscienceinthepastfourdecades.the practiceofthisnewempiricistconstructionofthephilosophyofsciencetakesefect throughfourmainpaths:newexperimentalismthehermeneutictheoryofscientific practicenew empiricismandthesociologyofscientificknowledgealofwhich characterizedphilosophicalybyconstructivismareveryunlikethetraditionalempiricist philosophyofscience.thephilosophicaltransformationtriggeredbythenewconstruction ofempiricismincludesaturnfromprioritizingtheorytoprioritizingpracticeare-orienta- tionofexperimentalactivitiesthedominanceofindigenousknowledgeandsoon. Thisnewconstructionofempiricismhoweverrequiressomefurtherdiscussionabouthow toviewscientificprogresshowtotreatthefundamentalandessentialnatureofscience howtojudgescientificphenomenarulesetc. (4)TheEvolutionaryLogicofUrbanHealthCareSystemsinChina Du Chuang and Zhu Hengpeng 66 Establishmentofacomprehensivetheoreticalframeworkenablesustoexplain theevolutionarylogicofchineseurban medicalcaresystems.itindicatesthatthe 205

26 206 8 plannedsystemofurbanmedicalcarethatcameintobeingafterthefoundingofnew Chinain949suitedtheexternalconditionsofthetimesandhadinternalelements thatwerecoordinatedandcomplementary.sincereform andopeningtotheoutside worldin978thewholesocioeconomicsystem hasbecomemarketized;china s demographiccharacterhasundergoneamarkedchangeashasthespectrumofdiseases; residents incomeshaverisenconsiderablybutthereisalargergapbetweenthem; andthequalificationsofhealthcareprofessionalshaveimprovedeverywhere.alof theseirreversiblechangesinexternalconditionsbytheirnaturerequireabreakwith thetraditionalplannedsystem.themanyproblemsthathavearisenovertheseyears originateintheconflictsofaperiodofsystemictransition;theyareinevitableinan incrementalreform.thereforewecannotretreattothetraditionalplannedsystemin thenameof reform ;ratherweshouldgradualyimprovethenewsystemsothatit suitsexternalconditionsandalsoachievesthecoordinationandcomplementarityof variousinternalelements. (5)TheDifusionofSocialPoliciesfromthePerspectiveofInter-governmentalRelations: ACaseStudyoftheUrbanSubsistenceAlowance( ) Zhu Xufeng and Zhao Hui 95 UniversalaccesstoChina ssocialwelfaresysteminvolvedaprocessofdifusion fromlocalitiestothewholecountryonthebasisofinnovativesocialpolicy.inter-govern- mentalrelationshaveplayedanimportantpartinfacilitatingandencouraginginnovationin anddifusionofsocialpolicy.therapidestablishmentoftheurbansubsistencealowance inmorethan200citiesandtownsthroughoutthecountryinsevenyears( ) servesasacasestudyforanalysisofthemechanismofdifusionofsocialpolicyin- novationatdiferentlevelsofgovernment.ourfindingsshowfirstlythatinadoptinga newsocialpolicyurbangovernmentshavetorespondtotherequirementsoflocalsociety andtakeintoaccountfiscalconstraints.atthesametimetheyareafectedby administrativeordersfrom higherlevelsofgovernmentandthefiscalrelationsbetween higherandlowergovernmentallevelsandarealsosubjecttocompetitivepressures fromcitiesatthesamelevel.secondlyurbangovernments policyinnovationsofer anopportunityforhigherlevelsofgovernmenttolearnfromtheirexperience.thirdly centralgovernmentorderssimultaneouslyexertadirectandindirectinfluenceupon urbangovernmentswithprovincialordersactingasintermediariesandconductors. Andfourthlythereisacleardiferencebetweenthelaggedefectofordersfromthe centralgovernmentandthoseatprovincialleveluponurbangovernments adoptionof policies. 206

1政治 doc

1政治 doc 8 2010 35-14 33-13 (2009) 9 2 2009 2010 2 2009 ( ) 5 2010 2009 4 2010 8 900 4.6 3 2010 2009 65 2009 2010 5 8 8 2009 8.7 2009 2010 5 2010 74,030 100 8 84,530 11.4 10,500 GDP 2.82009 8,500 1,000 71,208.35