《執行力》讀書摘要 Execution The Discipline of Getting Things Done

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "《執行力》讀書摘要 Execution The Discipline of Getting Things Done"

仔灰成
5 years ago
Views:

1 The Eight Consciousnesses The Operation of the Mind ~~ 探索識界 ~~ 人類心靈的運作 Bhikkhuni Chang-hwa /11

2 Mahayana Buddhism 大乘三系 Madhyamaka Middle Way 中觀 -- Nagarjuna 龍樹 Aryadeva 提婆 Yogacara "Consciousness-Only" 瑜伽 --Vasubandhu ( 世親 ) Asaṅga ( 無著 ) Tathagatagarbha 如來藏 --

3 Goal 目標 Every Existence has No Self 一切法無我 ( 淨 ) ( 萬法唯心識所造 ) The Cause of Suffering 認為諸法實有的錯誤認知所帶來的煩惱 ( 染 ) Transform Back to Wisdom 如何轉識成智根源體阿賴耶識 The Eighth Consciousness Mental Reaction 心理作用 Subject 主觀 Environment 對象 Object 客觀

4 Shifu s Comments 師父對唯識的說明

5 Consciousness-Only 唯識學 Buddhist Psychology 佛教心理學 Ignorance 無明 Wisdom 智慧 Sentient Beings 凡夫 Boddhisattva 菩薩 Buddha 佛 Self Liberation & Compassion 自利得解脫 & 利他生慈悲 Useful for oneself and others 自受用 & 他受用

6 Important Publication 唯識學派論著瑜伽師地論 the Treatise on the Stages of Yoga Practice (Bodhisattva Maitreya 彌勒菩薩 ) 攝大乘論 (Asaṅga 無著 ) 百法明門論 Hundred dhamas (Vasubandhu 世親 ) 唯識三十論頌 Thirty Verses on Consciousness Only (Vasubandhu 世親 or 天親 ) 八識規矩頌 The Verses Delineating the Eight Consciousnesses (Xuanzang 玄奘 ) 成唯識論 The Treatise on Consciousness-Only (Xuanzang 玄奘 )

7 Core Concepts of Consciousness- Only 唯識的中心思想 Dependent Arising 緣起 The Nature of No Self (Emptiness) 一切法無我 ( 性空 ) Consciousnesses 萬法唯識 ( 相 ) (The Three Natures)

8 有 Becoming 取 Grasping 唯識的源流緣起生 Rebirth 老死 Aging/ Death 無明 Ignorance 滅還滅門如實知道十二因緣的流轉, 體證它的虛幻不實, 就不會再起心行行 Volitional formations 流轉門的無明是業種, 是有漏種識 Consciousness 名色 Name/ form 愛 Craving 受 Feeling 觸 Contact 六入 Six sense organs

9 Five Aggregates 五蘊色表色無表色 Form 受苦受樂受不苦不樂 Sensation 想思想 Perceptio n 行介於心色間的勢力 Volition 識第六識 Consciou sness 第六識的作用 The Function of the Sixth Consciousness

10 Twelve Entrance 十二處眼 Eye 耳 Ear 鼻 Noise 舌 Toung 身 Body 意 Mind 十二處 ( 十二入 ) Twelve Entrance 煩惱 Vexation 色 Sight 聲 Sound 香 Smell 味 Taste 觸 Touch 法 dharma

11 Eighteen Realm 十八界 Min d 心六塵 Object 六識 Consci ousnes s 十八界六根 Facult y 因藏 Cause & Storehouse 界之中有真有妄, 包含了一切 Contain the Truth and Illusion, and everything.

12 The Eight Consciousnesses 身 Bod y 舌 Tongu e 鼻 Noise The 6 th 第六意識耳 ear 眼 Eye The 7 th 第七末那識 The 8 th 第八阿賴耶識

13 The First Five Consciousnesses Bhikkhuni Chang-Hwa 11/18/2012

14 Consciousness The quality or state of being aware of an external object or something within oneself. It has been defined as: subjectivity, awareness, sentience, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

15 One Hundred dharmas in Five Categories 五位百法 The Eight Consciousnes ses 八識心王 + 51 Mental Factors 五十一心所 Mind 心法 Form 色法 5 Organs + 6 Objects 眼耳鼻舌身色聲香味觸法相應法 + 不相應法 (24)Not cognizable 有為法 + 無為法 (6)without changing Universe 宇宙無為法非因緣所生的, 無生無滅, 而無變異的寂滅法

16 The Eight Consciousnesses 身 Bod y 舌 Tongu e 鼻 Noise The 6 th 第六意識耳 ear 眼 Eye 51 Mental Factors 五十一心所 The 7 th 第七末那識 The 8 th 第八阿賴耶識

17 性境現量通三性世間有為法 Three Kinds of States (object-component) 三境 : 亦名識境性境 Real 帶質境 distorted 獨影境 Imagined 勝義性境 Supreme: 唯聖者證得世俗性境 Worldly: 事實上的實有真帶質境 Mind: 以心緣心似帶質境 Form: 以心緣色有質獨影 Memory: 帶質無質獨影 Hallucination: 龜毛兔角第七識緣第八識第六識緣前五識

18 性境現量通三性世間有為法 Three Modes of Knowledge (Subject Component) 三量 : 亦名識量, 了境的智識名為量三量 Three Modes 現量 Veridical : 緣性境, 能量與所量, 皆現在前, 識於境界, 親證無謬, 得其真相, 無有虛假比量 Inferential : 緣正確的獨影境, 所量之法, 不在現前, 藉餘諸相, 而觀彼義如遠見煙, 知彼有火非量 False : 緣不正確的帶質境及獨影境, 與事實全不相符, 僅是意識, 是無始以來的分別, 名言習氣, 顛倒分別性相, 如眼有病, 見到空中有花

19 性境現量通三性世間有為法 The Three Natures 三性 : 即是識性善性 Wholesome: 境與信等相應三性 Three Nature 從道德標準而言 Ethical standards 從識所領境真妄差別而言 True/false 不善 Unwholesome: 境與貪著等相應無記 Neutral: 境不與善不善法相應遍計所執性 Pervasive: 非量 False 依他起性 Conditional: 比量 Inferential 圓成實性 Completed: 現量 Veridical

20 眼耳身三二地居世間有為法 Three [of the five consciousnesses] eyes, ears, and body function at the first two [of the nine] grounds [in the Three Realms].

Realm of Formless 第 9 地非想非非想處地三界九地生死界 & 凡夫界被稱為世俗界或世間四禪定天四空處天 Realm of Form 色界 Realm of Desire 五趣雜居地欲界無色界第 5 地第 4 地第 3 地第 2 地第 1 地第 8 地第 7 地第 6 地 4 禪天 : 捨念清淨地 3 禪天 : 離喜妙樂地 2 禪天 : 定生喜樂地

21 Realm of Formless 第 9 地非想非非想處地三界九地生死界 & 凡夫界被稱為世俗界或世間四禪定天四空處天 Realm of Form 色界 Realm of Desire 五趣雜居地欲界無色界第 5 地第 4 地第 3 地第 2 地第 1 地第 8 地第 7 地第 6 地 4 禪天 : 捨念清淨地 3 禪天 : 離喜妙樂地 2 禪天 : 定生喜樂地 1 禪天 : 離生喜樂地六欲天人 human 畜生惡鬼地獄無所有處地識無邊處地空無邊處地善趣惡趣第七八識 7 th & 8 th 第六七八識 6 th & 7 th & 8 th 眼 Eye 耳 Ear 身 Body 識第六七八識 6 th & 7 th & 8 th 眼識 Eye 耳識 Ear 鼻識 Nose 舌識 Tongue 身識 Body 第六識 6 th 第七識 7 th 第八識 8 th

22 遍行別境善十一世間有為法遍行 ( 五 ) Five universal mental factors 作意 - attention 觸 - contact, contacting awareness, sense impression, touch 受 - feeling, sensation 想 - perception 思 - volition

decision, interest, firm conviction or determination 念 -

23 遍行別境善十一世間有為法別境 ( 五 ) Five object-determining mental factors 欲 - desire (to act), intention, interest 勝解 - decision, interest, firm conviction or determination 念 - mindfulness or memorization 定 - concentration 慧 - wisdom or forming views

善心所 (11) Eleven Virtuous Mental Factors 信 - faith 精進 - diligence, effort 慚 - self-respect, conscientiousness, sense of shame 愧 - decorum, regard for consequence 無貪 -

24 善心所 (11) Eleven Virtuous Mental Factors 信 - faith 精進 - diligence, effort 慚 - self-respect, conscientiousness, sense of shame 愧 - decorum, regard for consequence 無貪 - non-attachment, no craving 無瞋 - non-aggression, lack of hatred (or anger) 無癡 - non-bewilderment 輕安 - equanimity 不放逸 - conscientiousness 行捨 - pliancy 不害 - non-harmfulness

25 根本煩惱 (6) Six Primary Unwholesome Factors 1. 貪 - craving 2. 瞋 - anger 3. 癡 - ignorance 4. 慢 - arrogance 5. 疑 - suspicion 6. 惡見 - wrong view 身見 (body) 邊見 (extreme) 邪見 (erroneous) 見取見 (1~3) 禁戒取見 (precepts)

excitement, ebullience 不信 - lack of faith, lack of trust 懈怠 - laziness, slothfulness 放逸 - heedlessness,

26 中隨煩惱 (2) Two Medium Secondary Unwholesome Factors 中隨煩惱 ( 二 ) 無慚 - lack of shame while mistreating oneself 对不起自己叫惭無愧 - lack of shame while mistreating others 对不起别人叫愧不善心 unwholesome mind 大隨煩惱 ( 八 ) 昏沉 - lethargy, gloominess 掉舉 - excitement, ebullience 不信 - lack of faith, lack of trust 懈怠 - laziness, slothfulness 放逸 - heedlessness, carelessness, unconcern 失念 - forgetfulness 不正知 - non-alertness, inattentiveness 散亂 - distraction, desultoriness, aimless 染污心 impure mind

小隨煩惱 (10) Ten Minor Secondary Unwholesome Factors 忿 - rage, fury 恨 - resentment 覆 - concealment, slyness-concealment 惱 - spitefulness 嫉 - envy, jealousy 慳 - stinginess,

27 小隨煩惱 (10) Ten Minor Secondary Unwholesome Factors 忿 - rage, fury 恨 - resentment 覆 - concealment, slyness-concealment 惱 - spitefulness 嫉 - envy, jealousy 慳 - stinginess, avarice, miserliness 誑 - pretense, deceit 諂 - hypocrisy, dishonesty 憍 - self-infatuation, mental inflation, self-satisfaction 害 - malice, hostility, cruelty, intention to harm

28 不定 (4) Four Changeable Mental Factors 惡作 - regret, worry, 睡眠 - sleep, drowsiness 尋 - searching, exploration, discovery 伺 - observation, examination

29 The First Five Consciousnesses 12/09/2012

30 Five Categories of 100 Dharmas 五位百法 1. Mind Dharmas (Citta-dharma) 心法 : 八種 [8] Consciousnesses 2. Mental Factors, Dharmas held in the Mind (Chaitasika-dharma, Caitta) 心所有法 : 五十一種 [51] 3. Form Dharmas (Rupa-dharma) 色法 : 十一種 [11] 4. Dharmas that do not correspond with the Mind (Citta-viprayukta-saṃskāra-dharmas) 心不相應行法二十四種 [24] 5. Unconditioned Dharmas (Asaṃskrita-dharmas) 無為法六種 [6] Conditioned Dharmas [94] 有為法 94 種 Unconditioned Dharmas [6] 無為法 6 ALL Dharmas [100] 一切法略分為 100 種

31 51 Mental Factors: 心所有法五十一種 A. Universally Interactive/Always-active (Sarvatraga) [5] 遍行五種 ( 通善性惡性無記性 )Universal B. Particular/Specific States (Viniyata) [5] 別境五種 ( 個別境界 )Object-determining C. Wholesome/Advantageous (Kushala) [11] 善法十一種 ( 助於修行 ) D. Fundamental Afflictions /Fundamental Mental Disturbances (Klesha) [6] 根本煩惱六種 ( 五鈍使五利使 ) E. Derivative / Secondary Afflictions (Upaklesha) [20] 隨煩惱二十種 ( 隨根本煩惱生 ) Minor-grade 小隨 [10] Intermediate-grade 中隨 [2] Major-grade 大隨 [8] F. Unfixed / Indeterminate (Aniyata) [4] 不定四種 ( 可染可淨, 並無一定 ) Mental Factors [51] 心所有法五十一種

32 現量 Three Modes of Knowledge (Subject Component) 三量 : 亦名識量, 了境的智識名為量三量 Three Modes 現量 Veridical : 緣性境, 能量與所量, 皆現在前, 識於境界, 親證無謬, 得其真相, 無有虛假比量 Inferential : 緣正確的獨影境, 所量之法, 不在現前, 藉餘諸相, 而觀彼義如遠見煙, 知彼有火非量 False : 緣不正確的帶質境及獨影境, 與事實全不相符, 僅是意識, 是無始以來的分別, 名言習氣, 顛倒分別性相, 如眼有病, 見到空中有花

33 The 1th ~ 5th Consciousnesses 身 Bod y 舌 Tongu e 鼻 Noise The 6 th 第六意識耳 ear 眼 Eye 51 Mental Factors 五十一心所 The 7 th 第七末那識 The 8 th 第八阿賴耶識

34 遍行 (5) Five Universal Mental Factors Attention 作意 Contact 觸 Sensation 受 Perception 想 Volition 思 Relax Good feeling smile tense Bad feeling scare Mom??? No feeling silent

35 別境 (5) Five Object-Determining Mental Factors Attention 作意 Contact 觸 Sensation 受 Perception 想 Volition 思 Wisdom 慧 Concentration 定 Mindfulness 念 Decision 勝解 Intention 欲??? focus good

36 善心所 (11) Eleven Virtuous Mental Factors 信 - faith 精進 - diligence, vigor 慚 guilt, regret 愧 - shamefulness, embarrassment 無貪 - absence of greed 無瞋 - absence of anger 無癡 - absence of ignorance 輕安 - light-ease 不放逸 - non-laxness 行捨 - pliancy 不害 - non-harmfulness

Derivative Afflictions 不善心 unwholesome mind 大隨煩惱 Major 1 掉舉 2 惛沈 3 不信 4 懈怠 5 放逸 6 失念

37 中二大八貪瞋癡世間有為法 1 貪 greed 2 瞋 anger 3 癡 ignorance 4 慢 arrogance 5 疑 suspecision 6 惡見 wrong views 煩惱 Unwholesome factors 根本煩惱 Fundamental Afflictions 染污心 impure mind 隨煩惱 Derivative Afflictions 不善心 unwholesome mind 大隨煩惱 Major 1 掉舉 2 惛沈 3 不信 4 懈怠 5 放逸 6 失念 7 散亂 8 不正知中隨煩惱 Intermediate 1 無慚 2 無愧小隨煩惱 Minor 1 忿 2 恨 3 覆 4 惱 5 嫉 6 慳 7 誑 8 諂 9 害 10 憍

38 五識同依淨色根 Relying on their own pure-form-organs 世間有為法識 Consci ousnes s 塵 Objects 根 Organs 外表的粗相浮塵根 : 指五官及身相指神經系統 Visible physical organs 內隱的細相淨色根 : Subtle pure-form-organs 物質的色法根塵相觸, 映攝外境的功能, 便是前五識依五種淨色根而產生淨色根, 並非如常人說的五官外形, 甚至也非指的神經叢, 乃是在根塵相接產生識用時而有, 當識離時, 塵境雖在, 淨色根已消亡, 如果尚餘有根, 乃屬於浮塵根

識的生起作用, 有四緣 Four conditions required in order to generate consciousnesses 因緣 cause and condition 即是以六根為因, 六塵為緣如眼根對色塵時, 眼識隨生, 故名因緣生次第緣 continuity 亦名等無間緣, 即是心心所法,

39 識的生起作用, 有四緣 Four conditions required in order to generate consciousnesses 因緣 cause and condition 即是以六根為因, 六塵為緣如眼根對色塵時, 眼識隨生, 故名因緣生次第緣 continuity 亦名等無間緣, 即是心心所法, 次第無間, 相續而起, 故名次第所緣緣 Objects 即是心心所法, 須仗託諸緣而起, 是自心之所緣慮, 於是而有 direct 親所緣緣 ( 自心 ) 及 indirect 疏所緣緣 ( 外境 ) 之分增上緣 accessory condition 即是六根能照境發識, 有增上力用, 諸法生時, 不生障礙, 故名增上

40 九緣八七好相鄰空明根境作意 eye ear noise tongue body 8th 6th 7th 眼識種子

41 合三離二觀塵世世間有為法 Three perceive the world by contact and two at a distance. 法 touch 觸身 body 味意識舌身識 taste tongue 舌識香鼻識阿賴耶識 ( 種子 ) 鼻 noise smell 耳識眼識耳 ear 眼 eye 聲 sound 色 color 末那識外境內識外境

42 愚者難分識與根世間有為法 The ignorant have difficulty distinguishing consciousness from organ 識 Consci ousnes s 被根所受被識了別的境塵 Objects 根 Organs 根與識的關係極為密切 : 1. 是根能發識 2. 是識必依根 3. 是根能助識 4. 是識屬於根 5. 是識猶如根能了別能感受

43 The First Five Consciousnesses 12/15/2012

45 愚者難分識與根世間有為法 The ignorant have difficulty distinguishing consciousness from organs 被根所受被識了別的境 Perceived by organs Distinguished by the consciousnesses 塵 Objects 能了別 Distinguisher 識 Consci ousnes s 根 Organs 能感受 Perceivers

46 How many straight lines?

47 How eyes and vision work?

48 出世間無為法 Unconditioned trans-mundane dharma 變相觀空唯後得 The transformation of these objectperceiving consciousnesses through the contemplation of emptiness is merely Later Attained (Subsequent) Wisdom.

49 轉識成智 Transformation of Consciousnesses into Wisdoms 轉前 5 識 The first five consciousnesses 成所作智 The wisdom of unrestricted activity 轉第 6 識 The sixth consciousness 妙觀察智 The wondrous observing wisdom 轉第 7 識 The 7 th consciousness 平等性智 The Wisdom of knowing the nature of (essential) identity 轉第 8 識 The 8 th consciousness 大圓鏡智 The Great Perfect Mirror Wisdom

50 Clockwise? Counterclockwise?

51 第八識的了別作用 Distinguishing process of the 8th consciousness 四分說 Four Aspects 證自證分 Re-witness The 8 th consciousness 被第七識執著為我的帶質境相分 the object of the 7 th 見分 Subject 被第六識執著為我的散心帶質境相分 The object of the 6 th 自證分 Self-witness 現行種子相分 Object 根身 body, 器界 Enviro. 前五識的性境相分 The Real Object of the 1~5 th consci. 第六意識的三種相分 The Objects of the 6 th

No discrimination 如人閉目, 外無分別 3. 佛陀成等證覺是根本智 generated after Enlightenment 1.

52 後得智 Subsequent Wisdom vs 根本智 Fundamental (Innately Possessed) Wisdom 根本智 Fundamental Wisdom 後得智 Subsequent Wisdom 1.No abiding, no grasping 不依於心, 不緣外境, 了一切法皆即真如, 境智無異 2.No discrimination 如人閉目, 外無分別 3. 佛陀成等證覺是根本智 generated after Enlightenment 1.With grasping 謂依止於心, 緣於外境, 種種分別, 境智有異 2.Open eyes 如人開目, 眾色顯現 3. 成佛後起大悲心救度眾生所用者 generated for saving sentient beings.

53 果中猶自不詮真 Even the buddhahood is achieved; they could not tell what the true suchness is 出世間無為法成佛如理智真如不產生度眾生的作用產生度眾生的作用真如的體前五識轉識成智之後所見的五塵世界, 不是真如相用在前五識叫做成所作智在第八識叫做後得智

54 圓明初發成無漏 Yet, once the buddhahood is completed, [these five consciousnesses] jump into the stage of no outflows 出世間無為法凡夫的前五識是依五根對塵境, 一定是有漏的 Sentient beings w/ outflow 諸佛是在金剛道後, 空去異熟識而成無漏智, 便是根本智 Buddhahood Fun damental Wisdom 再依後得智而使用五根, 發揮救度眾生的功能, 便是無漏的成所作智 wisdom of unrestricted activity w/o outflow

55 三類分身息苦輪 By using three kinds of Transformation Body, the wheel of suffering is terminated 出世間無為法三類分身隨類應化身 Response and transformation body 清淨法身 Dharma body, i.e. Dharmakaya 千丈盧舍那身 Retribution body, i.e. Sambhogakaya 投胎化身 : 經過入胎住胎出胎的過程, 為了度五趣中的任何一趣變化身 : 忽隱忽現, 可變化為種種身 he can appear in any form whenever and wherever necessary for the sake of crossing over others. its own essential nature, common to all Buddhas. 又稱為報身, 是為了度唯識大乘四加行位的菩薩 a body of bliss, which he receives for his own use and enjoyment.

56 Realm of Formless 第 9 地非想非非想處地三界九地生死界 & 凡夫界被稱為世俗界或世間四禪定天四空處天 Realm of Form 色界 Realm of Desire 五趣雜居地欲界無色界第 5 地第 4 地第 3 地第 2 地第 1 地第 8 地第 7 地第 6 地 4 禪天 : 捨念清淨地 3 禪天 : 離喜妙樂地 2 禪天 : 定生喜樂地 1 禪天 : 離生喜樂地六欲天人 human 畜生惡鬼地獄無所有處地識無邊處地空無邊處地善趣惡趣 Samadhi Samadhi Too happy Half and half Too ignorant Too suffer

57 三類分身息苦輪 By using three kinds of Transformation Body, the wheel of suffering is terminated 出世間無為法資糧位加行位通達位修道位究竟位十住十地十迴向煖頂忍世第一見道位初地的入心位初地的住心位十地之出心位佛位須由前五識轉變的成所作智以三身化度

58 Initial stage See the path Ultimate stage 發心菩提明心菩提究竟菩提修福資糧位修慧加行位見道位 Practice Stage 修道位究竟位 Sravaka 聲聞 / Pretayaka 緣覺 Bodhisattva Path 菩薩道凡 Ordinary People 聖 Saint 1st ~ 7th bhumis 無生法忍 8th ~10th bhumis 佛妙覺

59 The Eight Consciousnesses 身 Bod y 分別依染淨依舌 Tongu e 身識舌識鼻 Noise 鼻識耳識 The 6 th 第六意識 The 7 th 第七末那識耳 ear 眼識眼 Eye 5 consciousnesses 51 Mental Factors 五十一心所根本依 The 8 th 第八阿賴耶識

60 See you next year?

正覺電子報-第59期

正覺電子報-第59期大乘密嚴經卷 3 The Alaya consciousness has identical situation. It is the pure seed-nature of every Tathagata and is always defiled at the stage of ordinary people. After having realized it, bodhisattvas