25-4 藥王 藥上二法王子 Bhaiṣajya-rāja and Bhaiṣajya samudgata Dharma Princes 25-5 跋陀婆羅 Bhadrapàla 威音王佛 Bhīṣma-garjita-ghoṣa-svara-rāja Buddha 25-6 摩訶迦葉

Transcription

1 中文 梵文 英文 1 釋迦牟尼佛 Sakyamuni Buddha 2 毘盧遮那佛 Vairocana Buddha 3 藥師璢璃光佛 Bhaiṣajya-guru-vaiḍūrya-prabhāṣa Buddha Medicine Buddha 4 阿彌陀佛 Amitābha Buddha Boundless radiance Buddha 5 不動佛 Akṣobhya Buddha Unshakable Buddha 6 然燈佛, 定光佛 Dipamkara Buddha 7 文殊菩薩 Bodhisattva Manjusri 8 普賢菩薩 Bodhisattva Samantabhadra 9 觀世音菩薩 Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Guanyin 10 地藏菩薩 Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Earth Store,Earth-treasury 11 彌勒菩薩 Bodhisattva Maitreya 12 大勢至菩薩 Bodhisattva Mahāsthāma or Mahāsthāmaprāpta 13 韋陀菩薩 Bodhisattva Veda 14 藥王菩薩 Bodhisattva Bhaiṣajya 15 藥上菩薩 Bodhisattva Bhaiṣajyasamudgata 16 舍利佛 Sariputta 17 目犍連 Maudgalyayana 18 大迦葉 Mahakashyapa 19 富樓那, 富樓那彌多羅尼子 Pūrṇa,Pūrṇamaitrāyaṇīputra, or Maitrāyaṇīputra 20 阿那律 Aniruddha 21 優婆離 Upāli 22 阿難 Ananda (means 喜 )happiness, pleasure, joy, felicity 23 罗睺罗 Rahula 24 須菩提 Subhūti 25 摩訶迦旃延, 迦旃延 Mahākātyāyana, Kātyāyana 25-0 二十五圓通 Twenty five perfect penetration; The twenty-five kinds of perfect understanding of the truth 25-1 憍陳那, 阿若憍陳那 Kauṇḍinya, Ājñātakauṇḍinya 25-2 優波尼沙陀 Upaniṣad 25-3 香嚴童子 Gandha alaṃkāraka Kumāra( 香莊嚴童子 ) Fragrance adorned pure youth, The Pure youth Exalted by Fragrance

2 25-4 藥王 藥上二法王子 Bhaiṣajya-rāja and Bhaiṣajya samudgata Dharma Princes 25-5 跋陀婆羅 Bhadrapàla 威音王佛 Bhīṣma-garjita-ghoṣa-svara-rāja Buddha 25-6 摩訶迦葉 Mahākāśyapa 日月燈佛, 日月燈明佛 Candra-sūrya-pradīpa or Candrārkadīpa Buddha 25-7 阿那律陀 Aniruddha unceasing benefits resulting from his charity 如意無貪 螺螄蛤蚌 river snails 25-8 周利槃特伽 Kṣudrapanthaka small road, little path, successor by the road 周利槃特伽孿生兄 Śuddhipanthaka Purity-path 25-9 憍梵缽提 Gavāṃpati 牛呞病 cow-cud sickness 畢陵伽婆蹉 Pilindavatsa 須菩提 Subhuti 善現 Well appearing 舍利弗 Śāriputra 普賢菩薩 Bodhisattva Samantabhadra 孫陀羅難陀 Sundarananda 拘絺羅 Kauṣṭhila 孫陀利 Sundharī (means 艷, wife of 孫陀羅難陀 ) 富樓那彌多羅尼子 Pūrṇa, Pūrṇamaitrāyaṇīputra 優波離 Upāli 大目犍連 Maudgalyāyana, Maudgalaputra 優樓頻螺 Uruvilvā (means papaya tree) 伽耶 Gayā (means 象頭山 Gajaśirṣa) 那提 nadī (means river) 三迦葉波 three brothers of Mahākāśyapa 烏芻瑟摩 Ucchuṣma 火頭金剛 空王佛 Dharmagahanābhyudgata-rāja Buddha 持地菩薩 Dharaṇimdhara Bodhisattva 普光如來 Universal Light Tathagata 毗舍浮佛 Vipaśyin Buddha 月光童子 Candra-prabha Kumāra 水天佛 Varuṇa Buddha

3 違害鬼 āghāta or viruddha ghost 山海自在通王如來 Tathagata 琉璃光法王子 vaiḍūrya-nirbhāsa Dharma Prince 虛空藏菩薩 Akāśagarbha Bodhisattva 彌勒菩薩 Maitreya Bodhisattva 大勢至法王子 Mahāsthāmaprāpta Dharma Prince 無量光佛 apramāṇābha 超日月光佛 Buddha of light surpassing that of sun and moon The one whose mind meditates on Buddha becomes 香光莊嚴 interpenetrated and glorified by Buddha-fragrance and 觀世音菩薩 Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva 26 無盡意菩薩 Bodhisattva Skshayamati 27 持地菩薩 Bodhisattva Dharanimdhara 28 如來 Tathagata Tathagata 29 應供 Arhat Arhat 30 正遍知 Samyak sambuddha perfect in enlightenment 31 明行足 vidyā-caraṇa-saṃpañña perfect in knowledge and behavior 32 善逝 sugata Well departed, Well Gone One 33 世間解 lokavid knower of the world 34 無上士 Anuttara The peerless nobleman, Unsurpassed One 35 調御丈夫 Puruṣa-damya-sārathi Great Regulator, supreme trainer 36 天人師 Śāstā deva-manuṣyāṇām Teacher of gods and people 37 佛世尊 Buddha-lokanātha, or Bhagavān Buddha, World Honored One. 38 世尊, 薄伽梵 Bhagavān 39 聲聞 Sravaka hearer 40 辟支佛, 獨覺 Pratyekabuddha solitary realizer; solitary enlighted ones 41 菩薩 Bodhisattva 42 羅漢 Arhat 43 方丈 abbot 44 比丘 Bhiksu monk 45 比丘尼 Bhiksuni nun 46 優婆塞 upāsaka 47 優婆夷 upāsikā 48 出家眾 pravraj, Sangha Sangha 49 在家眾 laypersons, laity, lay followers

4 50 法師 Dharma Master 51 僧 Sangha 52 沙彌 Shramanera novice 53 沙門 śramaṇa 54 善財童子 Sudhana Kumāra 55 窺基 Kuiji 56 善導大師 Master Shandao 57 賢首 Syan Shou 58 達磨祖師 Bodhidharma Founding master Bodhidharma 59 龙树, 龙树菩薩 Nagauna, Bodhisattva Nāgārjuna 60 無著 asanga 61 世親 vasubandhu 62 戒賢 Śīlabhadra 63 六祖 Sixth Patriarch 64 善知識 kalyāṇa-mitra Good and Wise Advisor 65 惡知識 pāpa-mitra A bad intimate, or friend, or teacher 66 提波達多 Devadatta 67 阿育王 King Aśoka 68 轉輪聖王 Chakravartin wheel-turning monarch; wheel turning king 69 耶輸陀羅 Yaśodharā 70 淨飯王 Śuddhodana-raja father of Śākyamuni and Sundarananda, or Sunanda 71 白飯王 Śuklodana-rāja father of Devadatta and Ananda 72 甘露飯王 Amrtodana-raja father of Anuruddha and Bhadrika 拔提 73 斛飯王 Droṇodana rāja father of Mahānāman and 婆娑 74 緣覺, 修十二因緣悟道 the Buddhist enlightenment arises from pondering over the twelve nidānas; ones enlighted to conditions, cultivate the Twelve Causes and Conditions and awaken th Way 75 獨覺 solitary realizer; non-buddhist enlightenment is illusion, e.g. from observing the 'flying flowers and falling leaves'; 76 辟支佛 pratyeka-buddha 77 有學 śaikṣa stage of learning; in training 78 無學 aśaikṣa needed 79 定性聲聞 fixed-nature sound-hearer

5 80 東方青龍佛 Azure Dragon of the East Buddha 81 阿闍世王 King Ajātaśatru 82 善星 Sunaksatra 83 十地 daśa( 十 )bhūmi( 地 ) Ten Grounds/Stages of the Path of the Bodhisattva 84 歡喜地 Pramuditā joyful; Happiness; joy at having overcome the former difficulties and now entering on the path to Buddhahood 85 離垢地 Vimalā stainless; Leaving Filth; freedom from all possible defilement, the stage of purity 86 發光地 Prabhākarī radiant; Emitting Light; stage of further enlightenment; 87 焰慧地 Arciṣmatī resplendent; Blazing Wisdom; of glowing wisdom; 88 極難勝地 Sudurjayā invincible; Difficult Conquest; mastery of utmost or final difficulties; 89 現前地 Abhimukhī face-to-face; Manifestation; the open way of wisdom above definitions of impurity and purity; 90 遠行地 Dūraṁgamā far-reaching; Traveling Far; proceeding afar getting above ideas of self in order to save others; 91 不動地 Acalā unshaking; Not Moving; attainment of calm unperturbedness; 92 善慧地 Sādhumatī Excellent; Wholesome Wisdom; of the finest discriminatory wisdom knowing where and how to save and possessed of the 十力 ten powers; throughout the world like rain from a cloud. 93 法雲地 Dharmamegha 94 加行 prayoga (four) stages of penetrating insight; Added progress, intensified effort, earnest endeavour 95 五明 pañca-vidyā Five sciences or studie 96 声明 śabda grammar and composition 97 工巧明 śilpakarmasthāna the arts and mathematics 98 医方明 cikitsā medicine 99 因明 hetu the science of cause, logical reasoning, logic 100 内明 adhyātma Buddhists reckon the Tripiṭṭaka and the 十二部教 as their 内明, i. e. their inner philosophy 101 須陀洹 srota-āpanna stream attainer 102 斯陀含 sakṛdāgāmin one returner

6 103 阿那含 anāgāmin none returner 104 阿羅漢 arhan arhat 105 初果 ādi-phala, ādya-phala The initial fruit, or achievement, the stage of srotaāpanna, illusion being discarded and the stream of enlightenment entered 106 二果 Sakrdāgāmin The second fruit of the four fruits 107 三果 tri-phala The third of the Hīnayāna 四果 four fruits or results, i. e. non-return to mortality 108 三身 TriKayas Three Bodies 109 法身 dharmakāya dharma body 110 报身 Samb Hogakaya reward body 111 化身 Nirmanakaya transformation-body 112 倶舍論 Abhidharma Kośa 113 起信論 Śraddhotpada Śāstra Awakening of Faith 114 大智度論 The śāstra or commentary on the Prajñāpāramitā-sūtra 115 大般若經 The Mahā prajñā pāramitā-sūtra; Śatasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra; Maha prajna paramita sutras 116 大般涅槃經 Mahā parinirvāṇa Sutra, Nirvana Sutra Sutra of the ultimate extinction of Dharma 117 梵網經 Brahmajāla Sutra Sutra of Brahma's Net 118 解深密經 Sandhinirmocana Sutra Sutra of the Explanation of the Profound Secrets 119 勝鬘経 ; 勝鬘師子吼一乘大方便方廣經 Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra 120 佛说观无量寿佛经 ; 十六觀經 Amitayur-dhyana Sutra sixteen contemplate sutra 金光明經 ; 金光明最勝王經 Suvarṇa-prabhāsa-uttamarāja Sutra Golden-light Sutra 121 阿含經 Āgama sūtras Agama Sutras 長阿含 Dīrghāgama collection of long discourse; 'Long' treatises on cosmogony 中阿含 Madhyamāgama collection of middle length discourse; 'middle' treatises on metaphysics 雜阿含 Saṃyuktāgama miscellaneous collection; grouped collection; 'miscellaneous' treatises on abstract contemplation 增一阿含 Ekottarāgama numbered collection; 'numerical' treatises 122 金剛般若波羅密多經 Vajracchedika Prajñā Pāramitā Sutra the Diamond Sutra

7 123 華嚴經 Avataṃsaka Sutra Flower Garland Sutra; Flower Adornment Sutra Amitābha Sutra; Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra 124 阿彌陀經 125 法華經 Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sutra The Lotus Sutra; Discourse of the Lotus of True Dharma; Dharma Flower Sutra; 126 楞嚴經 Śūraṅgama Sutra Shurangama Sutra 127 楞伽經 Lankāvatāra Sūtra 128 四十二章經 Sutra in Forty-two Sections 129 地藏菩薩本願經 Kṣitigarbha Sutra Sutra of the Past Vows of Earth Store Bodhisattva The Heart Sutra, Heart of Prajñā Pāramitā Sutra 130 心經 ; 般若波羅蜜多心經 The Prajnaparamita Hrdaya Sutra 圓覺經 ; 大方广圆觉修多罗了义经 Mahāvaipulya pūrṇabuddhasūtra prassanārtha sūtra 131 Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment 132 維摩詰所說經 Vimalakīrti-nirdeśa sūtra 133 三摩地王经 Samadhi-raja Sutra 134 如來藏 tathāgatagarbha the inherent buddha natue of all beings 135 三千大千世界 tri-sahasra-mahā-sahasra-loka-dhātu Thrice-thousandfold world 136 菩提 Bodhi Absolute eternal wisdom 本覺 137 菩提心 Bodhicitta mind of enlightenment 138 三十七道品 saptatriṃśad bodhy-pakṣya-dharmāḥ The thirty-seven conditions leading to bodhi 139 八正道 Āryamārga eightfold noble paths 140 正見 Samyag-dṛṣṭi correct views 141 正思 Samyak-saṁkalpa correct intention, thought and purpose 142 正語 Samyag-vāc correct speech, avoidance of false and idle talk 143 正業 Samyak-karmānta correct deed 144 正命 Smnyag-ājīva correct livelihood or occupation 145 正精進 Samyag-vyāyāma correct zeal 146 正念 Samyak-smṛti correct mindfulnees; correct thought; correct; remembrance, or memory, which retains the true and excludes the false 147 正定 Samyak-samadhi correct meditation 148 七覺支 sapta bodhyaṅga seven "limbs" of awakening; seven degrees of enlightenment, or intelligence 擇法覺支 dharma-pravicaya-saṃbodhyaṇga discrimination of the true and the fa1se 精進覺支 vīrya-saṃbodhyaṇga zeal, or undeflected progress

8 148-3 喜覺支 prīti-saṃbodhyaṇga joy, delight 輕安覺支 praśrabdhi-saṃbodhyaṇga Riddance of all grossness or weight of body or mind, so that they may be light, free, and at ease 念覺支 smrti-saṃbodhyaṇga power of remembering the various states passed through in contemplation 定覺支 samādhi-saṃbodhyaṇga the power to keep the mind in a given realm undiverted 行捨覺支 upekṣā-saṃbodhyaṇga or upekṣaka complete abandonment, auto-hypnosis, or indifference to all disturbances of the sub-conscious or ecstatic mind. 149 四念處 smṛtyupasthāna four establishment of mindness; four states of memory, or subjects of reflection 150 身 kāya body 151 受 vedanā feeling 152 心 citta;hrdaya mind 153 法 Dharma dharma; physical and mental processes 154 四正勤 samyakprahāṇa four right endeavours; four proper lines of exertion 155 四如意足 ṛddhipāda four bases of success in concentration; four steps towards supernatural power 156 五根 pañca indriyāṇi five spiritual faculties 157 五力 pañca balāni five spiritual powers 158 四無量心 catvāri apramāṇāni the four immeasurables, or infinite Buddha-states of mind 159 慈無量心 maitrī loving kindness; boundless kindness 160 悲無量心 karuṇā Compassion; boundless pity, to save from suffering 161 喜無量心 muditā Sympathetic joy; boundless joy, on seeing others rescued from suffering 162 捨無量心 upekṣā equanimity; limitless indifference, i. e. rising above these emotions, or giving up all things, 163 三業 trividha-dvāra Three karmas 164 身業 kāya-karman Bodily; Action; Deed 165 意業 Mental; thought 166 口業 vāk-karman Verbal; speech; word 167 妄語 musāvādā lying 168 惡口 hurtful speech, evil mouth 169 綺語 frivolous speech, indecent speech

9 170 兩舌 divisive speech, Double tongue 171 四聖諦 catvāri āryasatyāni Four noble truths, Four Holy Truths, 172 苦, 集, 滅, 道 duḥkha, samudaya, nirodha, mārga suffering, origin of suffering, cessation and the way lead to cessation 173 十二因緣 Pratītya-samutpāda twelve nidānas, the chain of Twelvefold Conditioned Arising 174 無明 avidyā ignorance 175 行 saṃskāra action, activity, conception, karmic formation 176 識 vijñāna consciousness 177 名色 nāmarūpa name and form 178 六入 ṣaḍāyatana six entrances of sense organs 179 觸 sparśa contact or touch 180 受 vedanā feeling 181 愛 tṛṣṇā craving 182 取 upādāna grasping 183 有 bhava being, existing, becoming 184 生 jāti birth 185 老死 jarāmaraṇa old age, death 186 阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 anuttara-samyak-saṃbodhi Utmost, Right and Perfect Enlightenment; Supreme, Orthodox, and Equal Awakening 187 自利利他, 自覺覺他 sva-parārtha self-benefit for the benefit of others; self enlightened for the enlightnement of others 188 大乘 Mahāyāna Great Vehicle; the real Vehicle, 189 小乘 Hīnayāna Small Vehicle 190 二乘 dviyāna Two Vehicles 191 一乘 ekayāna The one-vehicle 192 四大 The four tanmātra The Four Elements, 1) earth, 2) water, 3) fire, and 4) wind 193 六度 Six Paramitas Six Perfections 194 佈施 dāna generosity; giving, offering 195 持戒 śīla good conduct; moral precepts 196 忍辱 kṣānti patient acceptance; patience under insult 197 精進 vīrya vigour, zeal 198 禪定 dhyāna meditation or contemplation 199 般若 prajna wisdom

10 200 方便 Upaya-kausalya skill in means, expedient ways 201 願 Pranidhana determination 202 力 Bala strength 203 智 Jnana knowledge 204 修道 Path of Cultivation 205 見道 Path of Seeing 206 十六心見道 sixteen thought moments to see the truth; Path of seeing in sixteen mental conditions 207 八智 aṣṭa-jñāna eight wisdoms 208 八忍 aṣṭa-kṣānti Eight tolerances; The eight powers of patient endurance 209 苦法智 duḥkha-dharma-jñāna The knowledge of the law of suffering and the way of release 210 苦類智 duḥkhānvaya-jñāna The wisdom which releases from suffering in all worlds 211 集法智 samudaya-dharma-jñānam the wisdom of the dharma of arising 212 集類智 samudayānvaya-jñāna the wisdom of kinds of arising 213 滅法智 nirodhe dharma Jnanam the wisdom of the dharma of cessation 214 滅類智 nirodhānvaya-jñᾱna the wisdom of kinds of cessation 215 道法智 mārga-dharma-jñāna the wisdom of the Way 216 道類智 mārgānvaya-jñāna the wisdom of kinds of the way 217 苦法忍 duḥkha-dharma-jñāna-kṣānti tolerance of the dharma of suffering 218 苦類忍 duḥkhe nvaya-jñāna-kṣāntau the tolerance of kinds of suffering 219 集法忍 samudaya-dharma-jñāna-kṣānti the tolerance of the dharma of arising 220 集類忍 samudaya-nvaya-jñāna-kṣānti the tolerance of kinds of arising 221 滅法忍 nirodhe dharma Jnanam ksanti the tolerance of the dharma of cessation 222 滅類忍 nirodhānvaya-jñᾱna ksanti the tolerance of kinds of cessation 223 道法忍 mārge dharma-jñāna-kṣāntim the tolerance of the Way 224 道類忍 mārge nvaya-jñāna-kṣāntim the tolerance of kinds of the way 225 萬行 myriad practices; all procedures, modes of salvation 226 本覺 Original bodhi; bodhi in the potential 227 始覺 initial enlightenment;beginning of illumination; bodhi in the active state 228 究竟覺 final or complete enlightenment 229 俗諦 saṃvṛti-satya Conventional truth; Worldly truth; ordinary statement, as if phenomena were real

11 230 眞諦, 第一諦 paramartha-satya Ultimate Truth; Buddha law 231 五鈍使 pañca-kleśa The five dull, unintelligent, or stupid/blunt messangers, or afflicters or temptations 232 貪 rāga greed; desire, passion 233 嗔 krodha; pratigha; dveṣa anger or resentment, wrath 234 癡 moha stupidity or foolishness, delusion 235 慢 māna arrogance 236 疑 vicikitsā doubt 237 五利使 The five keen, acute messangers or afflicters 238 身見 satkāya-dṛṣṭi the view that there is a real self, an ego 239 邊見 antar-grāha extreme views. e. g. extinction or permanence 240 邪見 mithyā perverse views, which, denying cause and effect 241 見取見 dṛṣṭi-parāmarśa stubborn perverted views, viewing inferior things as superior 242 戒禁取見 śīla-vrata-parāmarśa rigid views in favour of rigorous ascetic prohibitions 243 五戒 pañca-veramaṇī Five Precepts, five commandments 244 不殺生 pāṇātipātāveramaṇi no killing; no destroy life 245 不偸盜 adinnādānāver no stealing 246 不婬 abrahmacaryaver no sexual activity 247 不妄語 musāvādāver no lying 248 不飮酒 suramereyya-majjapamādaṭṭhānāver no intoxicating liquors 249 觀 vipaśyanā; vidarśanā. contemplate; To look into, study, examine, insight 250 五蘊, 五陰 pañca-skandhas Five aggregates; Five skandhas 251 色 rūpa form; Bodily phenomena; matter, the physical form related to the five organs of sense 252 受 vedana feeling; reception 253 想 saṃjñā conception 254 行 saṃskāra activities; the functioning of mind in its processes regarding like and dislike, good and evil 255 識 vijñāna conscious awareness; consciousness 256 六根 The six indriyas The six sense-organs 257 六塵 The six guṇas The six dusts; the six inherent qualities; qualities produced by the objects and organs of sense 258 六入, 六處 ṣaḍāyatana the six entrances, or locations, both the organ and the sensation 259 十二處 twelve āyatana six organs and six external objects

12 260 十八界 The eighteen dhātu The eighteen realms of sense: the six organs, their objects or conditions, and their perceptions 261 唯識 vijñapti-mātratā Consciousness only; mind only 262 菴阿摩識 amala vijnana the ninth consciousness 263 阿頼耶識, 第八識 ālaya vijñāna the eighth consciousness 264 末那識, 阿陀那識, 第七識 manas, kliṣṭa-mano-vijñāna the seventh consciousness 265 末那識, 第六識 mano vijñāna the sixth consciousness 266 初禪, 二禪, 三禪, 四禪 first dhyana, second dhyana, third dhyana, fourth dhyana 267 奢摩他 śamatha quiet, tranquility, calmness of mind, absence of passion 268 毗鉢舍那 vipaśyanā 269 三昧, 三摩地 samadhi 270 禪那 dhyāna 271 三摩鉢底 samāpatti samāldhi in a balanced and stable state 272 無諍三昧 No strife Samadhi 273 摩訶 Mahā 274 涅槃 Nirvana 275 五十五位菩提路 fifty-five Bodhisattva stages;fifty-five sections of the development of a bodhisattva into bodhi 276 十信 Ten Faiths, The ten grades of bodhisattva faith 277 十住 Ten Dwelling or abidings 278 十行 Ten Practices 279 十回向 Ten Transferences 280 四加行 nirvedhabhagtya Four stages of penetrating insight; Four Added progress, intensified effort 281 暖 usmagata heat; glow 282 頂 murdhan summit 283 忍 ksanti acceptance, patience 284 世第一 laukikagra-dharma the highest ordinary state 285 等覺 samyak-saṃbodhi absolute universal enlightenment 286 妙覺 Wonderful Enlightenment, self-enlightenment to enlighten others 287 八萬四千法門 84,000 Dharma-doors

13 288 生忍 sattva-kṣānti patience with production, common or ordinary patience 289 法忍 dharma-kṣānti patience with dharmas,also ability to bear patiently external hardships, Patience attained through dharma, to the overcoming of illusion 290 無生法忍 anutpattika-dharma-kṣānti patience with the non-production of dharmas; The patient rest in belief in immortality, or no rebirth; Clear cognition of the unproduced nature of all existences 柔順忍 anulomikī-dharma-ksānti The patience of meekness, i. e. in meekness to accord with the truth. intellectual receptivity (regarding the nature of Dharmas) 291 三藏 Tripiṭaka Three scripture collections;the Buddhist canon, which is traditionally categorized into three divisions ("three baskets") 292 經 Sūtra 293 律 Vinaya 294 論 abhidharma, sastras Shastra 295 末法 saddharma-vipralopa Ending Age, decadence of the Law 296 正法 sad-dharma Proper Dharma Age, correct Law 297 像法 saddharma-pratirūpaka semblance of the Law 298 劫 Kalpa aeon 299 业 业报因果 Karma Karmic reward 300 烦恼障 Klesa hindrance of afflictions 301 三界 Trailokya Three realms 302 無色界 Arūpadhātu Formless realm 303 色界 rūpadhātu Form realm 304 欲界 kāmadhātu desire realm 305 大梵天王 Mahābrahman heaven of Greate Brahma 306 六欲天 the six devalokas Six heavens of desire 307 他化自在天 Paranirmitavaśavarin heaven of Masters of Creations of Others 308 化樂天 Nirmāṇarati heaven of Delight in Creation 309 兜率天 Tuṣita heaven of the Contented 310 夜摩天 Yama heaven of Yama 311 帝釋天 ; 忉利天 Tavatimsa heaven of the Thirty Three;

14 312 四天王天 catur-maharāja-kāyikas heaven of Four Kings; the four heavens of the four deva-kings; the lowest of the six heavens of desire 313 持國天 Dhṛtarāṣtra east 314 增長天 Virūḍhaka south 315 廣目天 Virūpakṣa west 316 多聞天 Vai śramaṇa north 317 轮回 Samsara reincarnation 318 轮回六道 Six realms of samsara 319 天 deva gods 320 人 manuṣya human 321 阿修罗 asura Jealous gods, Demigods 322 畜牲 tiryagyoni animals 323 餓鬼 preta hungry ghost;hungry spirits 324 地獄 naraka purgatory; hell 325 龍 nāgas serpents 326 夜叉, 藥叉 yakṣas demons 327 乾闥婆 gandharvas celestial musicians 328 迦樓羅 garuḍas mythical birds 329 緊那羅 kinnaras myhtical beings 330 摩睺羅迦 mahoragas large-bellied demons 331 羅剎 Raksa 鳩槃茶 Kumbhāṇḍa a demon shaped like a gourd, or pot 毗舍遮 Piśācī female sprites, or demons, said to inhabit privies 富單那 pūtanā a female demon poisoning or the cause of wasting in a child; interpreted as a stinking hungry demon, and the most successful of demons 摩醯首羅 Maheśvara the great sovereign ruler 332 有漏 āsrava outflows 333 無漏 anāsrava non outflows; No drip, leak, or flow; outside the passionstream; passionless 334 因緣 hetu pratyaya causal condition 335 緣起 pratityasamudpada dependent arising, dependent origination; 336 五眼 panca caksumsi The five eyes 337 肉眼 mamsa caksus fleshy eye 338 天眼 divya caksus divine eye

15 339 慧眼 prajna caksus wisdom eye 340 法眼 dharma eye dharmar eye 341 佛眼 buddha's eye buddha's eye 342 滅盡定 nirodha samapatti A samādhi in which there is complete extinction of sensation and thought 343 大圓鏡智 adarśana-jñāna the great perfect mirror wisdom reflecting all things 344 平等性智 samatā-jñāna wisdom of the equal Buddha nature of all beings; wisdom in regard to all things equally and universally 345 妙觀察智 pratyavekṣaṇa-jñāna the wonderful observing wisdom; wisdom of profound insight, or discrimination 346 成所作智 kṛtyānuṣṭhāna-jñāna wisdom perfect in action and bringing blessing to self and others 347 五神通 (or 五神變 ) pañcabhijñā the five supernatural powers 348 天眼通 divyacakṣṣus abhijñās The supernatural deva-eye; divine sight 349 天耳通 ( 天耳智證通 ) divyaśrotra deva-ear, celestial ear 350 他心通 ( 他心智證通 ) paracitta-jñāna ability to know the thoughts of all other minds 351 宿命通 ( 宿命智證通 ) pūrvanivāsānusmṛti-jñāna knowledge of all formed existences of self and others 352 神足通 ; 神如意通 ṛddhi-sākṣātkriyā power to be anywhere or do anything at will 353 漏盡通 āsravakṣaya abhijñās The supernatural insight into the ending of the stream of transmigration 354 須彌山 Sumeru Mt Sumeru 355 有餘涅槃 sopādhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa nirvana with remainder(of life), incomplete nirvana 356 無餘涅槃 nirupadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa nirvana without remainder(of life), remainderless nirvana 357 護法 chos skyong protectors of dharma 358 帝釋尊天 ; 釋提桓因 Śakra devānām Indra Śakra; Indra; King, or emperor of Heaven; ruler of the thirty-three heavens 359 王舍城 rajagrha 360 舍衛城, 室羅筏城 Sravasti Shravasti 361 十二部經 Twelve divisions of the Mahāyāna canon 362 長行 sūtras the Buddha's sermons 363 重頌 geyas metrical pieces, intermediate verses 364 授記 vyākaraṇas prophecies 365 孤起頌 gāthās chants or poems

16 366 無問自說 udāṇas impromptu or unsolicited addresses 367 本事 ityuktas, or itivṛttakas marratives, legends 368 本生 jātakas stories of former lives of Buddha 369 方廣 vaipulyas expanded sūtras 370 未曾有 adbhutadharmas miracles 371 因緣 nidanas introductory teaching 372 比喻 avadāna parables 373 論議 adbhuta-dharma abhidharma 374 空無邊處 ākāśānantyā-yatanam boundless space; no sphere of infinite space 375 識無邊處 vijñānānamtyāyatanam boundless consciousness; no sphere of infinite consciousness 376 無所有處 ākiñcanyāyatana nothingness; no sphere of nothingness 377 非想非非想處 naivasaṁjñānā-saṁjñāyatana neither thought nor absence of thought; no sphere of neither awareness nor none awareness 378 祇陀林 Jeta grove, Jetavana 379 塔 stupa 380 娑婆世界 saha Saha world 381 道場 bodhimaṇḍala Bodhimanda, bodhi-site, Way-place 382 大慈大悲 Great loving kindness and great compassion 383 諸法實相, 眞如 bhūtatathatā the reality behind all things, all things in their real aspect 384 袈裟 kaāṣāya, saṅghāṭī Toga, mantle, ochre robes 385 三十二相 dvātriṃśadvaralakṣaṇa thirty two physical marks 386 八十種好 aśīty-anuvyañjanāni eighty notable physical characteristics 387 八不 eight negations: neither birth nor death, neither end nor permanence, neither identity nor difference, neither coming nor going 388 方等 Vaipulya extensive discourse 389 法華 Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Flower Garland; Flower Adornment 390 煩惱 klesa afflictions 391 摩訶 Mahā Great 392 摩訶薩 Mahāsattva perfected bodhisattva 393 菩薩摩訶薩 bodhisattva-mahāsattva greater than any other being except a Buddha 394 咒 mantra protective spells 395 a 阿僧祇 asaṅkhyeya timeless period

17 396 陀羅尼 Dhāraṇī the power maintaining wisdom or knowledge 397 胎生 jarāyuja viviparous 398 卵生 aṇḍaja oviparous 399 濕生 saṃsvedaja moisture, or water-born 400 化生 aupapāduka metamorphic, transformation 401 阿蘭若 araṇya hermitage 402 五戒 pañca-śīlāni Five Moral Precepts 403 中道 majjhim nikaya the middle path, the middle way 404 空性 Sunyata Emptiness, void 405 假 phenomenal; illusory existence 406 大威德 Mahātejas awe-inspiring power, or virtue 407 止觀 śamatha-vipaśyanā When the physical organism is at rest it is called 止, when the mind is seeing clearly it is called 觀 408 妄想 vikalpa Delusion; Polluted thinking 409 實相 tattvasya-lakṣaṇam Reality; True original nature. 410 體相用 substance; characteristics; function; Or entity, form and function 411 妙 su, sat, mañju, sūkṣma Wonderful, beautiful, mystic, supernatural, profound, subtle, mysterious 412 大悲咒 Mahākārunikacitta-dhāranī the Great Compassion Mantra 413 楞嚴咒 sitātapatroṣṇīṣa-dhāraṇī the white-umbrella mantra (dhāraṇī) 414 一念三千 three thousand [worlds] in one thought 415 十如是 ten suchness; ten essential qualities, or characteristics, of thing;ten reality aspects 416 相 1. Such a Form (phenomenon) 417 性 2. Such a Nature (character) 418 体 3. Such an Embodiment (entity) 419 力 4. Such a Potency (ability) 420 作 5. Such a Function (activity) 421 因 6. Such a Primary Cause (direct cause) 422 缘 7. Such a Secondary Cause (occasion or condition) 423 果 8. Such an Effect (result) 424 报 9. Such a Recompense (karmic reward or retribution)

18 425 本末究竟等 10. Such a Complete Fundamental Whole 426 根本無明 ; 生相無明 mūlāvidyā Original ignorance;innate ignorance;beginningless ignorance 427 住地無明 vasa-bhumi-āvidyā entrenched ignornace; static ignorance 見一切住地 the delusions arising from seeing things as they seem, not as they really are 欲愛住地 the desires in the desire-realm 色愛住地 the desires in the form-realm 有愛住地 the desires in the formless realm. 428 枝末無明 Branch and twig illusion;ignorance in detail The two kinds of affliction developed from view and deliberation, or external and internal; things 429 見思煩惱 ; 見思惑 ; 枝末 seen and thought, i.e. illusions from imperfect perception, with temptation to love, hate, etc.; to be rid of these false views and temptations is the discipline and nirvāṇa of ascetic or Hīnayāna Buddhists 430 見惑 darśana-heya seeing afflictions;conceptual errors in perception in regard to reality 431 思惑, 修惑 thought afflictions; the illusion of thought The lack of ability to correctly discern the true nature of the numberless phenomena of the world; illusion 432 塵沙惑 and temptation through the immense variety of duties in saving men 433 無明惑 The illusion arising from primal ignorance which covers and hinders the truth of the via media; illusions and temptations that arise from failure philosophically to understand things in their reality 434 三無漏學 Three Non-outflow Studies, Three Aspects of Learning to Be Without Outflows 435 戒定慧 precepts, samadhi, and wisdom 436 五分法身, 無等等五蘊 pañca-dharmakāya; asamasama-pañcaskandha the five attributes of the dharmakāya or 'spiritual' body of the Tathāgata 437 戒法身 śīla-skandha morality; above all moral conditions 438 定法身 samādhi-skandha tranquil and apart from all false ideas 439 慧法身 prajñā-skandha wisdom 440 解脫身 vimukti-skandha free, unlimited, unconditioned

19 441 解脫知見法身 vimukti-jñāna-darśana-skandha perfect knowledge of free, unlimited, unconditioned state 442 頑空 jada Partial emptiness; void with nothing exist 443 化城 nagaraṃ vinirmitam, nagara-nirmāṇa illusion city; magic city; temporary or incomplete nirvāna 444 佛土 Dharma Realm 445 圓通 omnipresent; Universally penetrating 446 七寶 sapta-ratna seven jewels 447 金 suvarna gold 448 銀 rūpya silver 449 琉璃 vaiḍūrya lapis lazuli 450 玻瓈 sphaṭika crystal 451 硨磲 musāragalva agate 452 赤珠 rohita-mukta rubies or red pearls 453 瑪瑙 aśmagarbha cornelian 454 境界風 pavana-viṣaya The winds, or influences of surrounding environment which fan the passions 455 世間法 loka-dharma The world law 456 出世間法 lokottara-dharma other worldly dharma; the way of leaving the world; supra-mundane; beyond the world; outside the world 457 出世間上上法 the highest other-worldly dharma 458 瓔珞 muktāhāra,hāra, keyūra a festoon of jewels 459 無記 avyākṛta; avyākhyāta neutrality; Moral neutrality in karma; no karmic effect 460 輕毛 As light and unstable as a feather. 461 常見 eternalism 462 斷見 ucchedadarśana annihilationism 463 生老病死 birth, old age, sickness and death 464 生住異滅 The arising, abiding, changing and extinction of all existences; Birth, stay, change (or decay), death. 465 名聞利養 renowned fame and nourish by gains 466 慳貪 grudging greed 467 一真法界 dharma realm of the one reality 468 金剛三昧 vajrasamādhi Diamond samādhi. A samādhi on the idea that all things are of the (same) Buddha-nature

20 469 未證謂證 Falsely claiming spiritial realization 470 未得謂得 Falsely claiming spiritial attainments 471 言語道斷 sarva-vāda-caryoccheda the moment you bring it into language it becomes distorted 472 十方 daśa diśah east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north, northeast, the nadir, and the zenith 473 下地麤想 the gross or rough delusion in lower lands or regions of the nine lands 474 一千二百功德 The 1,200 merits or powers of the organs 475 如來法身 tathāgata-dharmakāya The dharma body of the Tathagata 476 天地與我同根, 萬物與我一體 Heaven, earth, and myself have the same root; all things are one corpus with me 477 有為 samskrta Conditioned; phenomenal;causative;the processes resulting from the laws of karma 478 無為 asaṃskṛta Unconditioned; non-phenomenal; non-causative 479 資糧 saṃbhāra supplies for body or soul 480 虛空 śūnya space 481 四無礙智 pratisaṃvid the four unhindered or unlimited bodhisattva powers 482 法無礙 dharma Wisdom or power of explanation in accord with Buddhatruth 483 義無礙 artha Unobstructed knowledge of the meaning, or the truth; complete knowledge 484 辭無礙 nirukti Unhindered knowledge in any language, or form of expression 485 樂說無礙 pratibhāna Unobstructed knowledge in eloquence 486 天台五時 the Tiantai five periods of the Buddha's teaching: Avataṃsaka, Āgamas, vaipulya, prajñā, and Saddharma Puṇḍarīka and nirvāṇa period 487 不生不滅 Non-production and non-extinction 488 佛法 Buddha dharmas 489 自度 Self enlightenment 490 度他 Enlighten others 491 自覺 Self awakened 492 十門分別 ( 教義 ) Ten doors of discrimination 493 宗 ( 派 ) sect, school

21 494 因果 Cause and fruition 495 圓融無礙 ominipresent or perfect penetration without obstruction 496 大行大果 A great practice, and a great fruition 497 萬德莊嚴 adorned with myriad kinds of virtuous practices 498 迷 confused 499 果位 fruition; attainment; The stage of attainment, or reward as contrasted with the cause-stage 500 佛性 Buddha-nature 501 執著 attachments; to cling to 502 證覺 realize enligthenment 503 開悟 enlightenment 504 正覺 Proper Enlightenment 505 修證 cultivation and realizationj 506 捨念 (get) rid of false thoughts 507 財佈施 āmiṣa-dāna almsgiving; the giving of wealth 508 法佈施 dharma-deśanā Dharma giving; the giving of Dharma 509 無畏佈施 abhayapradāna courage giving; the giving of fearlessness 510 菩薩道 the Bodhisattva Way 511 三寶 Triple Jewel 512 十重四十八輕 Ten Major and Forty-Eight Minor Bodhisattva Precepts 513 生死 birth and death 514 信解行證 faith, understanding, practice and realization; faith, discernment, performance, and assurance 515 貢高我慢 elevated egoism exalting self and depreciating others 516 所知障 The barrier of the known; obstruction of worldly knowledge. 517 轉大法輪 turning the Great Dharma Wheel, 518 四禪八定 Four Dhyanas and Eight Samadhis 519 九次第定 Nine Successive Stages of Samadhi 520 文字般若 literary prajna contemplative prajna;the prajñā or wisdom of meditative enlightenment on reality. 521 觀照般若

22 522 實相般若 reality prajna, true-appearance prajna. 523 自性 self-nature 524 觀察智 wisdom of contemplative investigation 525 照 illumine 526 實相無相 Reality is Nullity; the reality of truth is formless 527 無所不相 there is nothing left without an appearance 528 假相 appearance is false 529 眾生 living being 530 本具佛性 inherent Buddha-nature 531 眾生皆有佛性 All living beings have the Buddha-nature 532 皆能成佛 and can realize Buddhahood 533 功德 merit, or virtue 534 人相 the form or appearance of person 535 我相 the appearance of self; egoism; the illusion that in the five skandhas there is a real ego 536 衆生相 sattva-lakṣaṇa the appearance of beings; all beings have an ego 537 壽相 the appearance of life; ego has age 538 凡是有相, 皆是虛妄 All that has appearance is empty and false 539 若見諸相非相, 即見如來 If you see all appearances as no appearance, then you see the Tathagata 540 開佛知見 reveal the Buddha s knowledge and vision 541 常住真心, 性淨明體 pure nature and bright substance of the eternally dwelling true mind 542 藏教 the Hinayana teaching 543 通教 the interrelated or intermediate teaching 544 別教 the differentiated or separate teaching 545 圓教 the Perfect Teaching; the complete teaching; the final teaching; 546 方便 tact or skill in teaching according to receptivity 547 眼錯覺, 翳 fallacy 548 苦行 austerity 549 觀照, 深不可測的理解 fathom, contemplate, meditate 550 索鉤 chained hook 551 開悟 enlightened

23 552 依因缘而存在, 即轮回的现象 Conditioned Existence, SamSara 553 生死輪迴 saṃsāra ever-recurring saṃsāra; wheel of samsara,moving through birth and death 554 法性 Dharmata the dharma-nature 555 法界 dharmadhātu; dharmakṣetra realm of dharma 556 五无间 五逆 pañcānantarya The five rebellious acts or deadly sins: parricide, matricide, killing an arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, destroying the harmony of the sangha, or fraternity 557 世俗谛 Relative truth, worldly truth, conventional truth 558 止 Samatha tranquility or calm meditation 559 人空 emptiness of people 560 法空 emptiness of dharmas 561 法執 attachments to dharmas 562 結緣 establish wholesome affinities, Creating affinities 563 隨相門 door of accompanying phenomena 564 唯識門 door of consciousness only 565 歸性門 door of returning to the nature 566 無礙門 door of unobstructedness 567 禪定 dhyāna meditation 568 九法界 nine realms 569 發菩提心 Bodhi resolve [bringing forth] 570 拜佛, 頂禮 prostrate 問訊 bow 571 傳法 Dharma-transmission 572 八識 The eight consciousnesses are: 1) eye-consciousness or seeing, 573 2) ear-consciousness or hearing, 574 3) nose-consciousness or smelling, 575 4) tongue-consciousness or tasting, 576 5) body-consciousness or tactile feeling, 577 第六識 6) mind-consciousness or cognition, 578 七識 7) manas, the defiling mind-consciousness which is the faculty of mind, and

24 579 八識 8) ālaya, or storehouse consciousness. 580 十八界 Eighteen Realms: six sense organs, six external objects and six consciousness 581 八十八使見惑 Eighty-Eight Deluded Viewpoints Eighty-One Cognitive Delusions; The eighty-one kinds of illusion, or misleading thoughts, arising out of desire, anger, foolishness, and pride - nine grades in each of the nine realms of desire, of form and beyond form. 582 八十一品思惑 583 供養 offerings, provisions 584 受具足戒 ordination 585 淨土宗 Pure Land School 586 念佛 recitation of the Buddha's name 587 皈依三寶 refuge with the Three Jewels 588 懺悔 repentance 589 梵文 Brahma language, Sanskrit 590 六道輪迴 Six Paths of Rebirth,) gods, 2) humans, 3) asuras, 4) animals, 5) ghosts, and 6) hell-dwellers 591 六凡法界 Six Mundane Dharma Realms 592 十善 Ten Wholesome Deeds; ten wholesome courses of action 593 三毒 The Three Poisons are 1) greed, 2) anger, and 3) foolishness 594 迴向 transference of merit 595 律宗 Vinaya School 596 三輪體空 threefold wheel of essential emptiness 597 三壇大戒 Three Fold ordination 598 內守幽閒 maintain an inner composure 599 常樂我淨 Perpetuity, joy, personality, and purity; eternity, bliss, personality, purity 600 見分 discriminating such phenomena; subjective view or aspect 601 相分 mental phenomena; object aspect 602 自證分 the power that discriminates; Self-witnessing aspect;the witnessing of the functioning of the subjective aspect

25 the proof or assurance of that power;rewitnessing aspect;the function of consciousness of cognizing the fact that it has perceived an object. Also, checking prior awareness for its validity. 603 證自證分 604 普門品 Samanta-mukha-parivarta name of a chapter of the Lotus Sutra 605 八卦 eight trigrams; bagua 606 焰口 a buddhist ritual to feed the starving ghost 607 隨緣 According with, or resulting from conditioning causes, or circumstances, as waves result from wind; also, according to circumstances. 608 隨緣不變 Ever changing in conditions yet immutable in essence 609 不變隨緣 610 魔 Māra 611 陰魔 the skandha-māras The conditioned immutable, i. e. immutable as a whole, but not in its parts, i. e. its phenomenal activity. 612 摩尼 maṇi pure pearl; a jewel, a crystal, a pearl, symbol of purity 613 聞 sruta listening; wisdom from reading, listening and instruction 614 思 cinta reflection 615 修 bhavana spiritual practice 616 祇樹給孤獨園 Jetavane Anāthapindikassa ārāma The Jeta Grove in Anathapindika's Park ; in Jeta Grove, Anathapindika's Monastery; Jetavana; 617 南瞻部洲, 閻浮提 Jambudvīpa south inhabited continent in a world system 618 東勝身洲 Pūrva-videha 619 西牛賀洲 Apara-godānīya 620 北俱盧洲 Uttarakuru 621 楞嚴大定, 首楞嚴定 śūraṃgamadhyāna or samādhi 622 獨頭意識 distinctive or independent consciousness not arising with the five sensing organs 623 有覆無記 nivṛta-avyākṛta Impedimentary moral neutrality 624 無覆無記 anivṛta-avyākṛta non-impedimentary moral neutrality

26 625 法喜 dharma-prīti, dharma-rati The bliss of the dharma; the joy one experiences on receiving the dharma; the joy of hearing or tasting dharma 626 闡提 icchantika one who has cut off his roots of goodness; One without desire for Buddha enlightenment 627 三細 The three refined, or subtle conceptions 628 六麤 The six cruder or common concepts 629 中陰 ; 中有 antarabhāva intermediate being;in-between state; The intermediate existence between death and reincarnation 630 芥子 sarṣapa Mustard seed 631 頭陀 dhūta shaken, shaken off, cleansed. To get rid of the trials of life; discipline to remove them and attain nirvāṇa 632 懺悔 kṣamā confession and repentance 633 穴位 acupuncture points 634 筋脈 muscles and vessels 635 自卑 self-abased; feel oneself inferior 636 毅力 perseverance 637 祥和 auspicious and harmonious 638 對機 To respond to the opportunity, or the capacity of hearers 639 自不量力 not to recognize one's own limited strength or resources; unaware of one's own limitation 640 八相成道 Eight aspects of the Buddha's life 641 諸根不具 deficient in faculties 642 六根具足 complete in faculties 643 昏沈 styāna sunk in stupor 644 離生喜樂地 Paradise after earthly life; The first dhyāna heaven, where is experienced the joy of leaving the evils of life 645 定生喜樂地 Paradise of cessation of rebirth 646 離喜妙樂地 Land of wondrous joy after the previous joys 647 捨念淸淨地 The Pure Land of abandonment of thought, or recollection (of past delights) 648 欲界五趣地 ; 五趣雜居地 the desire realm with its five gati, i.e. hells, hungry ghosts, animals, men, and devas.

27 649 莊嚴 alaṃkāraka Adorn, adornment, glory, honour, ornament, ornate 650 莊嚴劫 The glorious kalpa 651 賢劫 Bhadrakalpa 652 星宿劫 the constellations kalpa 653 經脈 meridians 654 任督二脈 conception and governor vessel(cv, GV) 655 弗圖澄, 佛圖澄 Buddhacinga 656 五不還天, 五淨居天 five heavens of no return; The five pure-dwelling heavens in the fourth dhyāna heaven, into which arhats are finally born 無煩天 Avṛhās the heaven free from all trouble 無熱天 Atapās the heaven of no heat or distress 善現天 Sudṛsās the heaven of beautiful presentation 善見天 Sudarśanās the heaven beautiful 色究竟天 Akaniṣṭhās the highest heaven of the form-realm 657 香海 ( 香水海 ) The scented ocean surrounding Sumeru 658 童子 kumāra a boy, youth, son; a prince; a neophyte; a bodhisattva as son of the Tathāgata 659 開示悟入 660 四倒 The four viparyaya 661 凡聖同居土 662 方便有餘土 663 實報莊嚴土 revealed, proclaimed, understood, and entered;the four reasons for a Buddha's appearing in the world: to open up the treasury of truth; to indicate its meaning; to cause men to apprehend it; and to lead them into it. impermanent, suffering, impersonal, and impure; inverted or false beliefs in regard to 常, 樂, 我, 淨 Realms where all classes dwell: men, devas, Buddhas, disciples, non-disciples Temporary realms, where the occupants have got rid of the evils of 見思 unenlightened views and thoughts, but still have to be reborn Realms of permanent reward and freedom, for those who have attained bodhisattva rank Realm of eternal rest and light (i. e. wisdom) and of 664 常寂光土 eternal spirit (dharmakāya), the abode of Buddhas 665 五停心觀 five-fold procedure for quieting the mind

28 666 意生身 A body mentally produced, or produced at will; A body that is arisen from mind only. Arisen from mind-only. I.e., the body of a buddha is not arisen from the five skandhas--it is created out of consciousness only 667 三大阿僧祇劫 The three great asaṃkhyeya kalpas the three timeless periods of a bodhisattva's progress to Buddhahood 668 西方極樂世界 Sukhāvāti Western Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss 669 五濁惡世 The five kaṣāya periods of turbidity Evil Time of Five Turbidities 670 劫濁 the Kalpa Turbidity 671 見濁 the View Turbidity 672 煩惱濁 the Affliction Turbidity 673 眾生濁 the Living Beings Turbidity 674 命濁 the Life Turbidity 675 殊勝 Sudarśana Rare, extraordinary, surpassing 676 如幻三昧 maya-upamā-samādhi A samādhi wherein one observes that all phenomena, like an illusion, lack inherent existence 677 七情六欲 Seven emotions and six sensory pleasures(desires) 678 根塵 The (six) cognitive faculties and their objects. The six objects are considered to be the external cause of affiction, and are therefore referred to negatively as 'dust', or 'dirt'; the objects or sensation of any sense organ 679 四維八德 four social bonds and eight virtues 680 法塵 A mental object, any direct mental perception, not dependent on the sense organs 681 外道四句論 The heretical four tenets 682 不可思議 Beyond thought or discussion 683 依正二報 The dual reward of karma resulting from one's past 684 依報 The material environment on which a person depends, resulting from former karma 685 正報 direct reward, i. e. his body, or person;the direct retribution of the individual's previous existence 686 百界千如 the thousand qualities of the hundred realms 687 扶塵根, 浮塵根 indriya The external organs

29 688 勝義根 The surpassing organ, i.e. intellectual perception, behind the ordinary organs of perception 689 惑業苦 Illusion, accordant action, and suffering; the pains arising from a life of illusion 690 初禪天 the first dhyana heavens 梵衆天 Brahmapāriṣadya heaven of assembly of brahmadeva s 梵輔天 Brahmakāyika heaven of retinue of Brahmā 大梵天 Mahābrahmā. heaven of Brahman 691 二禪天 the second dhyana heavens 少光天 Parīttābha 無量光天 Apramāṇābha heaven of boundless light 光音天 Ābhāsvara light-sound heaven; the heaven of utmost light and purity 692 三禪天 the third dhyana heavens 少淨天 Parīttaśubha The first and smallest heaven (brahmaloka) in the third dhyāna region of form 無量淨天 Apramāṇaśubha heaven of boundless purity 徧淨天 Śubhakṛtsna 693 四禪天 The fourth dhyāna heavens 無雲天 Anabhraka 福生天 Puṇyaprasava heaven of Born of or to happiness 廣果天 Bṛhatphala 無想天 Asañjñisattva the no-thinking or no-thought heaven 無煩天 Avṛha heaven free from all trouble 無熱天 Atapa the heaven of no heat or distress 善現天 Sudṛśa the heaven of beautiful presentation 善見天 Sudarśana the heaven beautiful 色究竟天 Akaniṣṭha the highest heaven of the form-realm;the highest of the material heavens 和音天 Aghaniṣṭha 大自在天 Mahāmaheśvara heaven of great sovereign deva 694 四天王 the four mahārājas

30 695 無作 akṛta, akṛtaka, anabhisaṃskāra; avijñapti; (1) Non-functioning, non-active; no activity. (2) Not artificial or contrived. Natural. (3) Uncreated, unconditioned. (4) Without effect. (5) To differ in quality; dissimilar. (6) The absence of a desiring mind. (7) The name of a Korean monk. 696 心王 The mind, the will, the directive or controlling mind, the functioning mind as a whole, distinct from its 心所 or qualities. 697 心所 Mental conditions, the attributes of the mind, especially the moral qualities, or emotions, love, hate, etc.; also 心所有法 698 心地 Mind, from which all things spīng; the mental ground, or condition; 699 法財 dharmic property 700 成劫 vivarta kalpa kalpa of formation 701 住劫 vivarta-siddha kalpa kalpa of abiding or existence 702 壞劫 saṃvarta kalpa kalpa of destruction or decay 703 空劫 saṃvarta-siddha kalpa kalpa of annihilation; the empty kalpa 704 百法 The hundred divisions of all mental qualities and their agents 705 百法明門 The door to the knowledge of universal phenomena 心法 the eight 識 perceptions, or forms of consciousness 心所有法 the fifty-one mental ideas 色法 the five physical organs and their six modes of sense, e. g. ear and sound 不相應行法 twenty-four indefinites, or unconditioned elements 無爲 Unconditional; not subject to cause, condition or dependentce; transcendental 706 三德秘藏 The profound treasures of three virtues 法身德 The virtue or potency of the Buddha's dharma body 般若德 The virtue or potency of the Buddha's prajna 解脫德 The virtue of the Buddha's freedom from all bonds 707 卍字 Srivatsa swastika symbol 708 三自性 three aspects of the nature of a thing

31 708-1 依他起性 Not having an independent nature, not a nature of its own, but constituted of elements 遍計所執性 The nature that maintains the seeming to be real 圓成實性 The complete and perfect real nature, or reality. 709 三七日 first period in three divisions each of seven days, after enlightenment 710 能所 These two terms indicate active and passive ideas, e.g. ability to transform, or transformable and the object that is transformed. 711 回小向大 To turn from Hīnayāna to Mahāyāna 712 五臟六腑 five viscera and six bowels