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1 Air Pollution Control Policy and Scientific Research Fan Meng Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences

2 我国东部是全球二氧化氮增长最快的地区 GOME annual changes in tropospheric NO years of GOME satellite data DOAS retrieval + CTM-stratospheric correction seasonal and local AMF based on 1997 MOART-2 run cloud screening NO 2 reductions in Europe and parts of the US strong increase over China consistent with significant NO x emission changes A. Richter et al., Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space, Nature,

3 Global and Regional Air Pollution Global mean tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical column density (VCD) between January 2003 and June 2004, as measured by the SCIAMACHY instrument on ESA's Envisat. The scale is in 1015 molecules/cm-2. Image produced by S. Beirle, U. Platt and T. Wagner of the University of Heidelberg's Institute for Environmental Physics. Global satellite-derived map of PM2.5 (ug/m3) averaged over Credit: Dalhousie University, Aaron van Donkelaar

4 Haze or PM Pollution Both primary and secondary integrated with SO2, O3, NO2 Regional problem combined with local problem Health and climate impacts Haze days in cities

5 New Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB ) For the first time, released by State Council New PM 2.5 Standard, New O 3 8hr standard; More stringent PM 10 and NO 2 Limits Merge Grade III with II By phases Feb. 29, 2012, released 2013 for 113 pilot cities; 2015, for all cities, i.e. before Jan.1, , for (Jing-jin-ji) Great Beijing Aere, YRD, ZRD, Capital of provinces, Municipalities directly under the Central Government;

6 *Grade I is for Natural Protection Area and Other areas which need special protection. *Grade II is for Residential, Commercial, Industrial and Rural Area Most Chinese cities can not reach new standards especially for PM

7 Control Measures for Air Pollution Ambient air quality standard Control program, joint control program among cities and provinces ( 联防联控 ) Total Emission Control or emission cap 10%/5year SO 2, since 11 th and 12 th Five Year Plan( , ) 10%/5year NOx since 2010 More stringent emission standard, most stringent of world for power plants and cement plants Updating standard for mobile sources EIA for new sources and modification of old sources. What is the implication of the domestic countermeasure to Northeast Asia Region?

8 Long Term Trend of Air Pollution EANET and LTP,

9 冲绳超级站 (Cape Hedo) 长期监测结果

10 中日韩 LTP 项目 1 st -3 rd Stage, Working Group Monitoring Sub-working Group Intensive monitoring of air pollutants in China, Japan and Korea ground based and aerial measurements (SO 2, NO 2, O3, PM 10, PM 2.5 and ionic components) Modeling Subworking Group Modeling for long-range transport air pollutants concentrations, deposition and source-receptor relationship Emission inventory development of air pollutants

11 Source-Receptor Relationship by LTP project Zero-Out Modeling and Brute Force for SO2 and for NOx related deposition for 2002 and 2006 respectively 100% SO2 emis. cut or 20% NOx emis. cut region I region II region III region IV region V Receptor region I region II region III region IV region V

12 kt ons/ year kt ons/ mont h kt ons/ mont h kt ons/ mont h kt ons/ mont h 春夏秋冬 I II III IV V S deposi t i on of Mar ch V IV III II I I II III IV V S deposi t i on of Jul y V IV III II I I II III IV V S deposi t i on of Oct ober V IV III II I I II III IV V S deposi t i on of December V IV III II I I II III IV V S deposi t i on of 2002 V IV III II I 全年 5 个区域硫沉降及其来源

0. 49 I 1. 17 II 1. 21 III IV V 0. 39 0. 87 7. 38 3. 91 I II III IV V 39. 63 57. 49 Cont r i but i on t o r egi on I ( %) 87.

13 0. 49 I II III IV V I II III IV V Cont r i but i on t o r egi on I ( %) Cont r i but i on t o r egi on I I ( %) (a) Contribution from region I (b) Contribution from region II I II III IV V I II III IV V Cont r i but i on t o r egi on I I I ( %) Cont r i but i on t o r egi on I V ( %) (c) Contribution from region III (d) Contribution from region IV Cont r i but i on t o r egi on V ( %) I II III IV V Source-Receptor Relationship of SO2 Emi. to Total S deposition (%). (e) Contribution from region V

14 Table 5. Contributions of 20% NOx emission of sources regions to the total nitrate deposition of receptor regions in 2006 N dep. reduction due to 20% NOx cut.

Study on Long-range Transport of Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia and Counter-measures MEP Project, 2011-2013 Point Source Social and

Aerosol Concentration and Deposition Uncertainties in Emission Multimodels Source- Receptor Relationship Critical Load Domestic and

15 Study on Long-range Transport of Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia and Counter-measures MEP Project, Point Source Social and Economical Statistics Emission Factors measurments Emission Inventory Modeling Long Term Monitoring Concentration of Gaseous and Aerosol Concentration and Deposition Uncertainties in Emission Multimodels Source- Receptor Relationship Critical Load Domestic and Regional Control Policy Intensive Monitoring Satelite Airplane Ship Surface Concentratio ns and Physical and Chemical Characristic of Aerosol

16 Intensive Measurement MEP- TAP

17 PSAT includes a total of 32 tracers for each source group (i) Sulfur SO2 i Primary SO2 emissions PS4 i Particulate sulfate ion from primary emissions plus secondarily formed sulfate Nitrogen RGN i Reactive gaseous nitrogen including primary NOx (NO + NO2 ) emissions plus nitrate radical (NO3 ), nitrous acid (HONO) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5 ). TPN i Gaseous peroxyl acetyl nitrate (PAN) plus peroxy nitric acid (PNA) NTR i Organic nitrates (RNO3 ) HN3 i Gaseous nitric acid (HNO3 ) PN3 i Particulate nitrate ion from primary emissions plus secondarily formed nitrate NH3 i Gaseous ammonia (NH3 ) PN4 i Particulate ammonium (NH4 ) Primary Particulate PEC i Primary Elemental Carbon POA i Primary Organic Aerosol PFC i Fine Crustal PM PFN i Other Fine Particulate PCC i Coarse Crustal PM PCS i Other Coarse Particulate Secondary Organic ARO i Aromatic (toluene and xylene) secondary organic aerosol precursors ISP i Isoprene secondary organic aerosol precursors TRP i Terpene secondary organic aerosol precursors SQT Sesquiterpene secondary organic aerosol precursors CG1 i Condensable gases from aromatics (low volatility products) CG2 i Condensable gases from aromatics (high volatility products) CG3 i Condensable gases from isoprene (low volatility products) CG4 i Condensable gases from isoprene (high volatility products) CG5 i Condensable gases from terpenes (low volatility products) CG6 i Condensable gases from terpenes (high volatility products) CG7 i Condensable gases from sesqiterpenes PO1 i Particulate organic aerosol associated with CG1 PO2 i Particulate organic aerosol associated with CG2 PO3 i Particulate organic aerosol associated with CG3 PO4 i Particulate organic aerosol associated with CG4 PO5 i Particulate organic aerosol associated with CG5 PO6 i Particulate organic aerosol associated with CG6 PO7 i Particulate organic aerosol associated with CG7

18 模拟区域设定的源排放分区和源解析区域北海道济州岛韩国九州东京地区计算 8 个示踪区域日本 5 个韩国 3 个冲绳

19 SO2 浓度 (μg/m 3 ) Source Contribution to SO2 in areas of Korea March and April, 2011 江苏省内蒙古朝鲜 6% Korea (5.67 μg/m 3 ) 山西省浙江省 1% 其他内蒙古 4% 朝鲜 Seoul (8.39μg/m 3 ) 江苏省 1% 其他 6% 辽宁省 7% 韩国 6 辽宁省 8% 韩国 70% 北京市天津市浙江省山西省内蒙古 7% Jeju Island (1.41 μg/m 3 ) 河南省上海市其他 6% 江苏省 9% 韩国 10% 辽宁省 10% 24% 17% SO2 平均浓度首尔济州岛韩国本土注 : 括号内为换算成 S 的平均浓度

20 SO2 浓度 (μg/m 3 ) Source Contribution to SO2 in areas of Japan March and April, 2011 吉林辽宁省省黑龙江 Hokaido(1.18μg/m 3 ) 内蒙古其他 6% 辽宁省韩国 Great Tokyo(2.01μg/m 3 ) 吉林省内蒙古其他 8% Tokyo (5.46μg/m 3 ) 1% 1% 其他 6% 日本 8 日本 78% 日本 9 内蒙古辽宁省 4% 4% South Jp(2.66 μg/m 3 ) 江苏省韩国 10% 山西省朝鲜 1% 其他日本 6 上海市内蒙古 4% 安徽省 4% 浙江省河南省 7% Okinawa (0.68μg/m 3 ) 辽宁省韩国天津市 1% 1% 山西省 8% 其他 6% 江苏省 11% 日本 21% 1 16% 冲绳 SO2 平均浓度日本南部东京市区东京地区北海道注 : 括号内为换算成 S 的平均浓度

21 Sulfate 浓度 (μg/m 3 ) Source Contribution to Sulfate in areas of Korea March and April, 2011 Korea (1.22 μg/m 3 ) Seoul (1.31μg/m 3 ) 上海市天津市安徽省河南省 4% 湖北省 4% 安徽省韩国山西省湖北省浙江省山西省 6% 韩国 6% Jeju Island (1.11 μg/m 3 ) 北京市天津市河南省浙江省 6% 江苏省 9% 上海市内蒙古 9% 其他 11% 内蒙古自治区 8% 其他 7% 1 19% 14% 辽宁省 11% 江苏省 9% 16% 辽宁省 11% 朝鲜河南省湖北省山西省 4% 浙江省 6% 内蒙古 8% 1.31 其他 14% 江苏省 8% 1 韩国 11% 辽宁省 1 sulfate 平均浓度 1.22 首尔济州岛韩国本土注 : 括号内为换算成 S 的平均浓度

22 Sulfate 浓度 (μg/m 3 ) 朝鲜江苏省 4% 山西省 4% 吉林省 Hokkaido(0.42 μg/m 3 ) 9% 河南省 4% 浙江省 4% 山西省 6% 江苏省 8% 韩国 8% 安徽省河南省内蒙古 8% Source Contribution to Sulfate in areas of Japan March and April, 2011 其他 6% 辽宁省吉林省 10% 10% 辽宁省 10% 日本 18% 1 韩国 11% 内蒙古 11% 1 日本 1 朝鲜浙江省湖北省黑龙江省河南省 11% South Japan(1.14μg/m 3 ) 湖北省朝鲜韩国黑龙山西省江苏省吉林省 Great Tokyo(0.72μg/m 3 ) 江省其他 11% 上海市陕西省日本湖北省韩安徽省 4% 国内蒙古 7% 辽宁省浙江省 6% 内蒙古 6% 日本 19% 11% 11% 辽宁省 8% Okinawa(1.25 μg/m 3 ) 其他 16% 14% 1 山西省 9% 河南省 7% 江苏省 8% 江苏省山西省吉林省内蒙古 7% Tokyo City(0.73μg/m 3 ) 0.42 其他 2 10% 日本 24% Sulfate 浓度 10% 辽宁省 8% 1.14 韩国 4% 1.25 注 : 括号内为换算成 S 的平均浓度

23 Plan for international cooperation Cooperation with the network of ABC, GAW, EANET, BSRN, AERONET, SKYNET/Lidar Bi-lateral cooperation projects ICO-P NCO-G ICO-K NCO-P TCO-P KCO-G JCO-O PCO-MW PCO-ML NACO-T MCO-H MCO-G PCO-MT Operational Proposed TBD

24 Study on Long-range Transport of Air Pollutants in South and Southeast Asia and Counter-measures MEP Project, BC Emissons (T. Bond 2007) Hotspots:Haze in South Asia, Metropolitan area, Biomass burning, Forest fire Implication to air quality of China? Any Trans-boundary transport?

25 Task 1 Task 2 区域背景点长期监测区域污染状况调研背景点长期监测数据区域污染特征三维立体观测遥感航空测量地面加强观测高时空分辨率污染物三维空间结构观测数据分析 Task 3 更新补充源排放清单 Task 4 区域污染长期平均状况卫星遥感资料分析数值模型模拟区域输送路径控制机制区域空气模式长期模拟区域输送通量源 - 受体关系 Task 5 区域污染和排放趋势和未来变化凝练研究成果区域污染控制建议环境外交战略建议

26 Study Area and Planned Obs. Sites Intensive Sites (2-4 个 ) Aerial Measurement

27 Conclusions and discussion The preliminary modeling results show that the control of air pollutants in China will obviously improve air quality in the NE Asia region. The effect of reduction of SO2 emission from China in the past ten years already have found in remote downwind sites. More scientific study still needed to reduce the uncertainty of modeling including emission inventory improvement, more comparison with surface and satellite monitoring data. Cooperation are needed to coordinate the research activities and for sharing data and knowledge and research resource. Policy study. Mechanism for integrating and disseminate the findings is needed.

28 Thank you! Fan Meng Atmospheric Environment Institute Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

Microsoft PowerPoint - BAQ-fmeng pptx

Microsoft PowerPoint - BAQ-fmeng pptx Air Pollution Control Policy and Scientific Research Fan Meng Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences 我国东部是全球二氧化氮增长最快的地区 GOME annual changes in tropospheric NO 2 1996-2002 7 years of GOME satellite data