羅老師太極拳夏令營講習會, 由台南市太極拳協會主辦, 總教練蔡信龍特別商請名師羅邦楨指導受名額限制本會僅有七名配額, 本人有幸為其中一員雖僅兩天, 但能在太極拳名師親自指導下練拳, 興奮之情難以言喻, 僅將心得簡述如下一知易行難 : 羅老師一再強調, 依其五十多年的經驗, 練拳要訣須嚴格做到

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1 羅邦楨 - 練太極拳經驗談 : 一般說來, 練太極拳起初其重點自然專在學, 但等到學會了功架後, 就進入練的境地, 從此重點自然而然地移到練的方面去了, 可是言之非難, 行之惟艱先談學吧, 如果不遇良師, 得不到正確的指導, 其結果不免徒耗時間與精力, 而效果不彰即使幸而得遇良師, 如未切實按照要領去做, 結果依然事倍功半, 甚至於不免枉費功夫貽歎息因為按照要領去做, 談起來容易做起來難, 光是一股勁地練, 而昧於要領, 欲求功架動作正確, 不免戛戛乎其難哉因要領可在指導者的說明下, 而使學者在短期內獲得了解但是, 要把這些要領表現在功架上, 即使練上相當歲月, 也不見得能夠恰到好處因此, 知道要領是一回事, 能否深入功架中又是一回事但既練太極拳, 就必須在知之外, 當須能行, 如此方算真正地在練太極拳但是如何著手呢? 個人的體驗是在平時練架時, 要常將要領去驗證每一個動作, 務求合於基本要求, 為此日積月累, 使其習慣成自然為止此法言之, 似無甚高論, 但登高自卑, 行遠自邇, 好高騖遠既無補於實際, 何不腳踏實地, 篤而行之為是呢其次太極拳練習者所持之態度, 影響於進境者極巨, 設若能持之態度不認真不嚴肅, 所欲求之成效就先已打了折扣打手歌中開頭第一句話就說掤扌履擠按須認真, 雖然此處是指的推手而言, 但功架又何嘗不是如此 ; 常見人為求進步而忽於功架之練習, 其實卻是捨其本而務其末, 練習功架是太極拳的奠基功夫, 前人對此極為重視姑不論拳經論中所揭櫫的一些要點, 即在時間上曉於經論的著作中, 亦諄諄以此為勸如李亦畬有走架行功要言 ( 走架即練架 ) 的提示楊澄甫太師有太極拳十要之論, 其弟子陳微明先生在其所著太極拳答問 ( 此書刊於民國十八年, 西元一九二九 ) 一書中云 : 凡輕視架子者, 皆未得架子之規矩精意也架子為最要之基礎, 久久練之, 身體方能重如泰山, 輕如鴻毛若不練架子, 雖多推手, 身體仍有不穩之時, 易為人所牽動所說實為緊要之語, 蓋太極拳一切皆從功架中得來先師鄭曼青先生亦在所著鄭子太極拳十三篇明生剋篇中論及五行生剋之理時云 : 土為拳也, 萬物皆由土中生, 是即謂刀槍劍棍皆由拳生也凡此皆是說明功架之重要, 豈可不認真與嚴肅地去練, 但一般人就是不易領悟到這一層筆者當年亦復如此, 現在追悔莫及, 但時乎時乎! 逝而不返! 而今年逾半百, 亦唯徒自追恨而已, 在此提及, 亦皆在供同道們之參考耳另外練習太極拳的重要之點是要有恆心與毅力, 萬不可存有急功近利之念頭, 因為太極拳的最高原則是一切順其自然, 因此在效果方面亦是日積月累漸漸地增加的, 沒有辦法可以使之速成此點似不易為人接受, 故常見許多人練習, 而能持之以恒, 行之終身而不輟的, 雖非罕見, 確也不多原因是見效之慢, 導發人容易失卻信心與耐心因此練太極拳可以磨練一己鍥而不捨的毅力與精神, 經年累月, 無休無輟地去練此所以太極著作中常引易經天行健, 君子以自強不息之語, 以激勵人的意志倘能持恒勤練, 即使不期望什麼效果, 到時候效果自然來到, 就像水到渠成, 瓜熟蒂落一般地, 因為這就是自然上面所提到的話, 雖都是些平淡無奇的老生常談, 然而卻是筆者這些年來的體驗, 寫出來也算是野叟獻曝之意本文摘錄自民國七十二年六月三十日出版太極拳研究專集第 137 期作者簡介 : 羅老師是台灣大學中文系畢業政大中文研究碩士畢業, 國家考試院公務人員特考及格, 早年因體弱隨宗師鄭曼青習拳健身, 現旅居美國舊金山主持寰球太極拳社, 以傳承發揚鄭子太極拳為其終身職志, 自修新法英文版為其親譯大師拳藝出神入化, 享譽歐美羅邦楨師 ( ) 太極拳夏令營講習會記要前言 :

2 羅老師太極拳夏令營講習會, 由台南市太極拳協會主辦, 總教練蔡信龍特別商請名師羅邦楨指導受名額限制本會僅有七名配額, 本人有幸為其中一員雖僅兩天, 但能在太極拳名師親自指導下練拳, 興奮之情難以言喻, 僅將心得簡述如下一知易行難 : 羅老師一再強調, 依其五十多年的經驗, 練拳要訣須嚴格做到下列五點 : ( 一 ) 鬆 ( 二 ) 分清虛實 ( 三 ) 轉腰 ( 四 ) 立身中正 ( 五 ) 美人手羅老師又強調, 要領告訴你們了, 大家也都知道了, 練拳時要自我檢查以上五點要領, 亦即五點要訣是否有同時進行及落實, 決不可守四忘一, 或者守三忘二但實際在練習時才會發現五項要領難以做到如練習兩腳分清虛實, 當整個重心放在一隻腳心上時, 每位學員無法忍受酸痛之苦, 而造成守四忘一, 或者守三忘二 ( 如立身不中正扭腰全身僵硬不鬆 ) 等毛病一一浮現, 所有要領全還給老師, 真是知易行難二練練還是練 ( 行易知難 ): 談到放鬆, 羅老師舉一手臂, 讓學員試推其臂, 體驗放鬆與不放鬆之不同, 當不放鬆時一推其手臂, 手即動反之, 放鬆時如推其手臂, 手完全不動真是奇妙, 當場有位學員問是何道理, 老師反問道 : 你學什麼的, 同學答 : 土木工程, 既然是學理工科的, 那這個道理我也不知道, 有待你們去研究不過我能告訴各位的是 : 中國功夫就是這麼奇怪, 買不到, 奪不來, 也無法贈送, 只有練練再練只有靠你自己的毅力, 就可以練出來有一天, 你練出名堂, 別人推不動時, 亦無法說明其理, 到達此境界時, 就變成行易知難三秘訣 : 太極拳有拳經拳論歌訣黑皮書裡面大家一翻就看得到, 不要相信有甚麼秘訣那是騙人的, 本人根據這些理論及老師之心傳口授照著去做, 多加領悟, 必有所成, 八掛腿太極腰, 目前大家忍耐酸痛, 不圖目前之享受, 年紀大時腰腿強壯就會感謝老師似體罰式的訓練於烏山頭水庫 ( 劍橋大飯店 ) Five principles of good Tai Chi Ch'uan skills An interview with Mr. Benjamin Lo of San Francisco. Five basic principles for the development of good Tai Chi Ch'uan skills, emphasized by Mr. Benjamin Lo, are: 1) Relaxation. 2) Separating Ying from Yang. 3) Turning the waist. 4) Keeping the body upright. And 5) Maintaining the hand like a beautiful lady s hand. Lo, who teaches in the San Francisco area, puts first the most difficult of the principles: relaxation. "People always say to me, 'You always emphasize relaxation. But how do I do it?' I say, 'Do the form.' That's the only way. A lot of people ask me: 'Do you have any special posture that can help me relax?' I say yes. They ask, 'What?' I say: 'Do the form.'" "If we had some other kind of posture or form that will help your body relax, we wouldn't be teaching you Tai Chi Ch'uan. We would be teaching you that. But so far, we haven't found those kinds of things." Lo said relaxation involves the entire body at the same time, "not just one wrist, one palm, on leg, etc." "We want your whole body relaxed at the same time. So far as I know, Tai Chi Ch'uan does this. Of course, other kinds of martial arts maybe have this, too. But I don't know."

3 Lo's second important principle is separating Yin from Yang. "Yin and Yang are Chinese words and have the meaning insubstantial and substantial. Sometimes in ordinary talk about Tai Chi Ch'uan we discuss separating the weight. But that is not exactly right." "I can put my weight on one leg and the other leg has no weight. But in the meantime, the other leg can be stiff, too. The Yin has to be soft and have no weight. Soft and relaxed. But at the same time mixed together. Even the Yang leg has to be relaxed." "Even if you don't use force, your arm can be tense. That's because we are human beings. We have our limitation. But we try to use less muscle than we usually do." "Most people use 10% of their muscles, but maybe we use five or four or three percent at the senior level. You can't say completely don't use muscles. When you need it, you use it. When you don't need it, relax." During push hands, Lo, who has practiced over 40 years, said the goal is to use internal strength and to avoid the use of force. "Usually, I tell my students don't use force. Instead, use sung. How do you translate sung? Relaxation is not an exact translation. Relaxation can just be collapse but that is not the meaning of sung." Lo said there are different degrees of relaxation and that in push hands this often becomes apparent. "If you meet someone who is better at push hands, then you become hard. When they meet someone who is better than them, they become hard. That's the reason we have to practice and practice. It is a lifetime challenge. There is no end." He also said that softness can be like water, which can become very strong, or wind, which is soft, but can have the power of a tornado and destroy a city. As to how a student can combine and separate softness and strength, he said: "The student has to slowly practice. practice. And practice." "I always tell the student, 'If I tell you and you can get it right away, that's learning. But if I tell you and you can't get it right away, then you have to slowly practice until you get it. gradual practice over a period of time. Without practice you can't get it. If after people have told you and you can't get it then it's because you haven't practiced." Practice, Lo said, involves patience and perseverance. "Students want to find the good teacher. Why? Because he can show them the right direction. If you have the right teacher, a good teacher, it is still not a guarantee that you will be good. You have to practice. Sometimes both teacher and student have the frustration. But you have to be patient and keep practicing." "I tell people when they learn Tai Chi Ch'uan that patience is not enough because people always lose patience. So I tell people you have to have perseverance. We have never heard of people losing perseverance."

4 "Patience is good but it is not enough. After five years you can quit. I have seen people practice 20 years and quit. If you have 20 years patience, it is pretty good, but if you have it a lifetime, then we call it perseverance." "Of course, a lot of people quit. Of course, teachers feel frustrated, too. Sometimes they feel, 'I put a lot of time and energy in and these people cannot learn.' So the teacher needs a lot of patience and perseverance too." The inner struggle that goes on during the study and practice of Tai Chi Ch'uan is also important, Lo said. And this involves the student's having to fight with himself first. "When you practice Tai Chu Ch'uan, it is not just physical. You try to make your willpower stronger, too. When your willpower is stronger, you won't easily quit. Everybody feels frustration, including myself. But you have to overcome it. Otherwise, nobody can help you." "This part is pretty difficult. That's why we have to struggle inside. Some people can take a lot of pressure. Some people collapse easy. Everybody has a different capacity." Push hands, he said, requires the same emphasis on the five principles as the form and it has the added value of enabling students to check on their own development, whether it be relaxation or form. "I always tell my students, 'Your partner is your teacher when you practice push hands.'" "Usually, people get better," Lo said. But he said he tells students not to expect straight or steady improvement, rather in a curve that can go up and down. "You have to keep practicing. When you breakthrough, then you jump up. But sometimes you can stay in one place and can't break through. When we reach a certain level, we think that's our limit. But nobody knows our potential. I think the student should always be better than the teacher." But he said that students should not compare their progress with other people. "Compare with yourself. For instance, before you practiced Tai Chi Ch'uan every year you caught colds often and got sick often. After practice, you get sick less." "Or, after you practice many years, it never happens. That's great. That means to compare with yourself. If you compare yourself with other people then you make trouble for yourself." However, he added, that sometimes it is good to compare oneself with others because other people can be a source of stimulation for practice. "Sometimes people ask me if U.S. students can do good Tai Chi Ch'uan. And I always answer, 'Why not?' Chinese and American students are no different. The main thing, somehow, is that American students need more discipline. All the teachers have the same feeling like that. Without discipline, you can't stay long. Otherwise, within a few years you quit.

5 "I think it is based on cultural background. Chinese say, 'Okay, I practice Tai Chi Ch'uan and if it takes 10 years, then okay.' But here, in 10 months they must have some result." Regarding goals in practice, Lo said: "When I started Tai Chi Ch'uan, I was very ill. I was sick very bad. I could walk maybe 15 yards. Do you think I had a goal? Sure, I wanted to recover my health. Then I practiced and got healthy and then I wanted to keep this way." "Later, when I began teaching, I wanted to be healthy and keep on with my research and study. Of course, everybody has limitations, including myself. But I just do my best. That's what I tell my students. If you feel you are doing your best, then that's okay." Lo's five major points also include turning the waist, keeping the body upright and maintaining the hand like a beautiful lady's hand. You have to follow the five, he said. "If you can't follow the five, then follow four. Of course, it is better to follow four than to follow three. But it's still not good. It is better to follow all five." Of the five principles, the first one, relaxation, is the most difficult, he said. The other four, he said, everyone can do. "You don't even have to know Tai Chi Ch'uan to do them perfectly. The problem is that when you put them together, you can't do it, especially when your legs start burning, aching, shaking and you forget about all the principles. A lot of people are like this." "It is all very, very simple but it is hard to do it. Talk is easy. One minute you can know the five principles, but maybe in 50 years you won't get it, especially relaxation." "Everybody thinks that they are relaxed, but when you meet somebody better than you, you become hard. So we can't be perfect. It is a lifetime challenge. We just keep doing and doing. Just the basic things." ----Retyped by David Chen, 2001.

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