Feeding the Reproductive Female

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1 Feeding the Reproductive Female 繁育母猪的饲喂 Laura L. Greiner, PhD 劳拉格雷纳博士 Carthage Innovative Swine Solutions, LLC 美国迦太基公司

2 Discussion Today 讨论话题 We will discuss 我们将讨论 : Gilt development 后备猪培育 Feeding the gestating sow 怀孕母猪饲养 Feeding the lactating sow 哺乳期母猪饲养 Management of the newly weaned sow 新断奶母猪管理 2

3 Gilt Development 后备猪培育 Manage gilts with care 精心护理后备猪 Vaccinate at timely intervals 定期免疫 Full feed 3.2 kg a day 全饲料每天 3.2kg Breed at 136 kg 136kg 配种

4 Gilt Development 后备猪培育 Vitamin/Trace mineral mix - Not a Finishing Pig 维生素微量元素混合物不是育肥猪 Total calcium (0.60%), Total phosphorus (0.53%), Available phosphorus (0.35%) 总钙 (0.60%), 总磷 (0.53%), 可吸收磷 (0.35%) Bone structure 骨骼结构 Organic trace minerals, Vitamin E, Biotin 有机微量元素, 维生素 E, 生物素 Hoof development 蹄发育 Immune status 免疫状态 Pyroxidine & Folic acid 吡哆醇和叶酸 Embryo survivability 胚胎存活率 Reproductive performance 繁育表现

5 Don t overcrowd 不要过度拥挤 Gilt Development 后备猪培育 Allow adequate feeder and water space for pen 围栏中留充足料槽和饮水空间 Implement phase feeding program and feed for growth and bone development 执行阶段喂养方案以促进生长和骨骼发育

6 Gestation 孕期

7 体重,公斤分娩前建议体重胎次 Data extrapolated from PIC information 数据来源为 PIC 信息 7

8 Gestation 孕期 Feeding program 喂养方案 : Weaning until breeding 断奶至配种 Typically 3.6 kg or more 通常至少 3.6kg Feed at least twice a day 至少每天喂两次 First week after breeding 配种后第一周 1.8 kg a day 每天 1.8kg Then feed to improve body condition ( kg/day) 之后喂养提高身体状况 ( kg/ 日 ) After pregnancy confirmed 确定怀孕后 Second evaluation of body condition 第二次身体状况评估 kg Two weeks prior to farrowing 分娩前两周 Increase feed by 0.9 kg unless body condition is sufficient 除非身体情况充分, 增加 0.9kg 饲料 112 days of gestation 112 天孕龄 Reduce feed to 1.8 kg a day until farrowing 减少饲料至每天 1.8kg/ 直到分娩

9 氮贮留,克每天N retained (g/d) N retained (g/d) c d e e 0 7 g/d 10 g/d 13 g/d 16 g/d SID Lysine intake Srichana et al., 2007 赖氨酸摄入 Sponsored by PIC and Ajinomoto 由 PCI 和 Ajinomoto 赞助

10 氮贮留,克每天35 N retained (g/d) N retained (g/d) c d e de g/d 14 g/d 17 g/d 21 g/d SID Lysine intake Srichana et al., 2007 Sponsored by PIC and Ajinomoto 由 PCI 和 Ajinomoto 赞助赖氨酸摄入

11 Targets for Gestation Diet 孕期进食目标 Intake goals should be 摄入目标应为 : Feed intake kg/d 采食 kg/ 日 Metabolizeable energy 3300 kcal/kg, 可代谢能量 3300kcal/kg Total calcium (% of diet) %, 总钙 ( 饮食 %) % Total phosphorus (% of diet) %, 总磷 ( 饮食 %) % Available phosphorus (% of diet) 0.40%, 可吸收磷 ( 饮食 %) 0.40% Digestible lysine 7-16 g/day, 可消化赖氨酸 7-16g/ 日 (based on parity and stage of gestation) 以胎次和怀孕阶段为基础 Targets based on 2012 Nutrient requirements of swine and 2010 Swine Nutrition Guide 目标以 2012 猪营养需求和 2010 猪营养指南为基础 11

12 Body Condition 体况 12

13 Similar Body Condition Outside But Very Different Inside 相似的外部体况但内部差异很大 Courtesy of PIC Nutrition Handbook

14 Importance of Body Condition 身体状况的重要性 Sows that are overfed 过量喂饲的母猪 Deposit fat in the mammary glands and limit milking ability 乳腺脂肪堆积限制奶分泌能力 Do not have the desire to consume feed in lactation 哺乳期食欲不佳 Lose weight in lactation 哺乳期体重降低 Shoulder sores 肩部疼痛 Increase feed cost post-wean 断奶后饲料花费增加 14

15 怀孕期平均日采食量怀孕期平均日采食量 CISS Unpublished data

16 Importance of Body Condition 身体状况的重要性 Good lactation feeding begins in gestation 良好的哺乳喂饲开始于孕期 Charting 制表 Chart gestation intake per sow/day 记录孕期每头母猪 / 日采食量 Chart lactation intake per sow/day 记录哺乳期每头母猪 / 日采食量 Look for trends to monitor gestation feeding 观察趋势以监控孕期喂饲 Physical condition scores 体况评分 Evaluate each sow every 30 days and make adjustments 对每头母猪每 30 天评估一次并作出调整 16

17 Relative Frequency (%) Bump Feeding in Gilts at 100 days 后备猪 100 天时喂饲高峰 Ind. Pig Wts in Kg Trt 1 (0 Kg) Trt 2 (.9 Kg) Trt 3 (1.8 Kg) Weight Intervals (Kgs) 总量区间 ( 公斤 )

18 Unpublished data, ISS Birth Weight and PWM 出生体重和断奶后死亡率 Weight (kg) # Head PWM # Dead 体重头数断奶后死亡率死亡数 % % % % % % 14 > % Actual PWM 实际断奶后死亡率 Expected PWM based on Birth Weight 根据体出生体重预期断奶后死亡率 17% 17% 18

19 Lactation 哺乳期 19

20 General Lactation Nutrition 一般哺乳期营养 Adjust lactation diets during summer months 夏季调整哺乳期饮食 Increase nutrient density 提升养份浓度 Consider higher fat supplementation 考虑更高脂肪补充 Additional products to improve feed intake 附加产品以提升进食量 20

21 Targets for Lactation Diet 哺乳期饮食目标 Intake goals should be 采食目标应为 : Feed intake kg/d, 采食 kg/ 日 Metabolizeable energy 3300 kcal/kg, 可代谢能量 3300kcal/kg Total calcium (% of diet) %, 总钙 ( 饮食 %) % Total phosphorus (% of diet) %, 总磷 ( 饮食 %) % Available phosphorus (% of diet) 0.40%, 可吸收磷 ( 饮食 %) 0.40% Digestible lysine g/day, 可消化赖氨酸 g/ 日 (based on parity and stage of gestation) 以胎次和怀孕阶段为基础 Targets based on 2012 Nutrient requirements of swine and 2010 Swine Nutrition Guide 目标以 2012 猪营养需求和 2010 猪营养指南为基础 21

22 TID Lysine Implications TID 赖氨酸影响 By understanding requirements based on grams per day, diets can be formulated by using average daily feed intake and percent TID lysine 通过了解每天摄取需求, 饲料可以使用每日采食量和 TID 赖氨酸百分比配方 CAUTION: Do not feed your herd based on average feed intake for the group 注意 : 不要群体平均采食量喂饲猪群 Different parities will consume different amounts of feed 不同胎次需要不同数量的饲料 Parity 1 females tend to eat a minimum of.5 kg less than older females per day 一胎母猪每天会比年长母猪每日至少少吃.5kg Need to account for this reduction when calculating the digestible lysine requirement 计算可消化赖氨酸需求时要考虑这个减少量

23 ADFI (kg) 平均日采食量 Influence of Feed Intake on Performance 采食量对生产成绩的影响 SID Lys (g/d) Wt Diff (kg) Wt Diff (%) 赖氨酸 WEI 体重差异 (kg) 体重差异 (%) ADG (kg) 平局日增重

24 Lactation Feeding Strategies 哺乳期喂养策略 In the next few slides, you will see examples of feeding strategies for lactation 接下来是哺乳期喂养策略示例 Each genetic line is different in feed intake levels and lactation feed intake patterns 每个品种的采食水平和哺乳期采食模式不同 Observe sows to help understand the best approach 观察母猪以了解最佳喂饲方式 If you are too aggressive with full feed access, sows will reduce feed intake for long periods of time 如果过分依赖全饲料, 母猪会在很长时间内减少饲料摄取 Goal is to be at full feeding levels within the first week of lactation 目标是哺乳第一周内达到全饲料水平 Some sows will accomplish this within 24 hours after farrowing and others will take a few more days 一些母猪产仔后 24 小时会达到这个标准, 有些可能会花几天时间 24

25 Daily Feed Intake in Farrowing 分娩时每日采食量 10 Kilograms Day Ad-libitum 6.8 kg 7 Day Ad-libitum 5.2 kg Standard 标准 4.8 kg Days Post-Farrow 分娩后天数 Ad-libitum day 3 Standard Ad-libitum day 7

26 按天数的哺乳期采食量标准饲喂全饲喂方案分娩后天数 26

27 14.0 Effect of Feed Intake Reduction Post Farrow on Wean to Estrus 产后饲料摄取减少对断奶至发情间隔的影响 Range 1 ( Diff 2 Kg) Range 2 ( Diff 2 to 5 Kg) Range 3 ( Diff 5 Kg) ADFI (Kg) Wean to Estrus Interval (Days) 断奶到发情间隔 ( 日 ) Range 范围 1= 3.9a (n=89) Range 范围 2= 4.3a (n=100) Range 范围 3= 4.0a (n=27) Different letters following values indicates statistical significance (P 0.05) 0.0 FD Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 Day 11 Day 12 Day 13 Day 14 Day 15 Day 16 Day 17 Day 18 Day 19 Lactation Days 哺乳天数

28 Influence of Frequency in Lactation Feeding Study 1 哺乳期喂饲频率的影响研究 1 Item 项目 T1-4X T2-2X P-Value ADFI (Kg) 1 平均日采食量 5.76 a 6.96 b.00 PW Morbidity 断奶后发病率 (%) a a.80 PW Mortality 断奶后死亡率 (%) 9.03 a 7.10 a.33 Wean Pigs per sow 产仔数 9.93 a a.35 Wean to Estrus Interval (Days) 断奶至发情周期 ( 天 ) 5.38 a 5.15 a.66 Litter Size after cross foster: piglets (T1=12.63, T2=12.81) 1 Covariate used in model Days on Test 模型使用共同变量 Different letters following values indicates differences with statistical significance (P 0.05) 数字后不同字母代表统计数据差异显著 28

29 Influence of Days of Lactation on Total Born 哺乳天数对生产总量的影响 Lactation length 哺乳天数 Born Alive L/S/Y 哺乳次 Extra pigs Value pig,$ 活仔数 / 年多产猪猪价值 ROF 饲料回报 Pig Value 猪价值 = $35 Unpublished data 未发表数据 Increase in TB more than loss of L/S/Y 总仔增加超过每年哺乳次数减少 29

30 By-Products in Feed 饲料副产物 By-products can greatly reduce cost 副产物可大幅度降低费用 Must be aware of 必须注意 : Quality of product 产品质量 Fiber content of product 产品纤维含量 Heat increment release 增加热量释放 Palatability 适口性 Mycotoxins 霉菌毒素 Potential impact on feed intake 对采食可能造成的影响 30

31 High DDGS during Winter Lactation 冬季哺乳高 DDGS 20% 30% 40% 50% SEM P value ADFI, kg* 平均日采食 (L) Sow wt loss/gain, % 母猪体重变化 Wean to estrus, d 断奶至发情周期 Total born, n 总仔数 Pigs weaned/sow, n 每头母猪产仔数 (L) ADG, kg* 平均日增重 Mortality 死亡率, % Midwest ASAS Greiner et al. Sponsored by PIC and Ajinomoto 31

32 High DDGS in Summer Lactation 夏季哺乳高 DDGS 20% 30% 40% 50% SEM P value Sows 母猪, n ADFI, kg 平均日采食量 Sow wt loss/gain, kg 母猪体重变化 ( 公斤 ) Sow wt diff, % 母猪体重变化 (%) Backfat diff, mm 背膘变化 Wean to estrus, d 断奶至发情周期 Percent bred in 10 d, % 10 日内配种百分比 Sub total born, n 总仔数 Midwest ASAS Greiner et al. Sponsored by PIC and Ajinomoto

33 Vitamins and Minerals 维生素和矿物质 Use NRC recommendations or genetic supplier recommendations for vitamin and mineral levels 使用 NRC 建议或育种供应商建议维生素和矿物质水平 Minerals 矿物质 Organic trace minerals have shown value 有机微量矿物质证明有价值 33

34 Calculated Sow Daily Mineral Intake During Lactation, mg/d/kg BW 计算母猪哺乳期内每日矿物质摄取量 (mg/ 天 / 公斤体重 ) 最低摄入, mg/ 天 / 公斤体重 Mineral intake, mg/d/kg BW P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Cu Zn Mn Se Peters and Mahan, 2008

35 Effect of TM on Reproductive Performance TM 对繁育表现的影响 OTM NRC OTM IND ITM NRC ITM IND SEM Total born 总仔 a,b Born alive 活仔 a Still born 死胎 a Weaned 断奶 Piglet ADG, g a 日增重 Peters and Mahan, 2008 a source response 来源反应 b level response 水平反应

36 General Practices in Lactation 哺乳期一般做法 Feed intake 采食 Maximizing feed intake is key 采食量最大化是关键 Maximum pig weaning weights 断奶期体重最大化 Minimal protein loss 蛋白质丢失最小化 Good body condition upon farrowing will influence lactation feed intake 产仔时体况良好会影响哺乳期饲采食 Understanding feed intake levels will influence the percentage of amino acid inclusion levels 了解采食量水平会影响氨基酸内含物百分比 Determine grams of amino acids consumed should be calculated to achieve daily desired amino acid intake levels 计算氨基酸摄取克数来达到每日所需氨基酸水平 36

37 General Practices in Lactation 哺乳期一般做法 Encourage sows to get up 让母猪站立 Chart daily feed intake 记录每日采食量 Be quick to recognize sows not eating 快速发现不采食母猪 Add water to feed 饲料中加水 Can increase feed 0.23 kg/day, but be careful of spoiling feed 可以每天增加 0.23kg 饲料, 但要注意腐败饲料 Flavor enhancers/products can aid in feed intake 调味剂可帮助进食 Make adjustments based on thermal conditions 根据温度状况作出调整 37

38 Post-Weaning 断奶后 38

39 Post-Wean Feeding Program 断奶后喂饲方案 Sows should be full-fed 母猪需要全喂饲 Early after weaning, sows can consume over 5.45 kg/day 断奶后早期, 母猪每日可摄取超过 5.45kg Water access should be unlimited 水量不限 If possible, use water nipple separate from feed trough 如果可能, 饮水嘴与饲料槽分开 39

40 Influence of Feed Intake Post Wean 断奶后采食的影响 Sows were in lactation rooms and were moved at the same time each day 母猪在哺乳室并每天同一时间被移动 Lactation feed present at time of weaning was not recorded 断奶时哺乳期饲料没有记录 Treatments 处理 1. 0 kg gestation diet on wean day, 1.8 kg on day 1, full feed until estrus 断奶日 0kg 孕期料, 第一天 1.8kg, 全饲料直到发情 kg gestation diet on day of weaning and then full feed until estrus 断奶日 1.8kg 孕期料, 之后全饲料持续至发情期 3. Full feeding of gestation diet until estrus 全饲喂孕期料至发情 Results 结果 : WEI Treatment days 处理天 Treatment days 处理天 Treatment days 处理天 Unpublished

41 Feeding of Gestation or Lactation Feed Post-Wean 断奶后饲喂孕期或哺乳期饲料 Parameters 参数 T1-Gestation Diet T1- 妊娠饲料 T2-Lactation Diet T2- 哺乳饲料 Wean to Estrus Interval 断奶至发情周期 (Days) a 5.13 b Total wean to estrus intake per sow 每只母猪断奶至发情 a a 总量 (kgs) 2 Subsequent Performance 随后表现 /Total Born 总仔 a a Cost of non Productive Days per Sow 每头母猪非生产天数花费 ($) 3 Cost of Feeding per Sow 每头猪喂饲花费 ($) Total cost 总花费 *Values do not consider Nurse Sows 1 Covariate used in model Body Condition Score, Wean Pigs and Lactation Length 2 Covariate used in model Wean to estrus Interval 3 Value used per Non productive Day= $1.75/Sow/Day 4 Cost of feed, Lactation= $0.352/kg, Gestation=$0.308/kg Different letters following values indicates differences with statistical significance (P 0.05) 数值后不同字母代表统计数据差异明显

42 Summary 总结 Successful sow reproductive performance can be achieved with: 成功的母猪繁育表现可通过以下方法达到 : Good body condition 良好的体况 Balanced nutrition programs 平衡的营养方案 Understanding of feed intake patterns in lactation to optimize intake 了解哺乳期喂饲情况使采食最优化 Supportive nutrition to aid in sow longevity 补充营养以延长母猪寿命 42

43 Acknowledgements 致谢 University of Minnesota 明尼苏达大学 43

44 Thank You for Your Time 感谢您的宝贵时间 44

Discussion 讨论 We will discuss the following today: 我们今天要讨论以下内容 : Nutrition goals for lactation and gestation 哺乳期和妊娠期的营养目标 Gilt development 后备母猪发育 Diet

Discussion 讨论 We will discuss the following today: 我们今天要讨论以下内容 : Nutrition goals for lactation and gestation 哺乳期和妊娠期的营养目标 Gilt development 后备母猪发育 Diet Feeding the Reproductive Female and Using Metrics to Predict Performance 饲喂繁殖母猪并用度量指标来预测生产成绩卡美农业技术咨询有限公司简介 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH CONSULTING LIMITED INTRODUCTION 卡美农业咨询您的国际外援 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH