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feed strategies 后备发育及饲养策略 Andrea R Hanson, PhD 卡美农业咨询

1 卡美农业技术咨询有限公司简介 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH CONSULTING LIMITED INTRODUCTION Gilt development nutrition and feed strategies 后备发育及饲养策略 Andrea R Hanson, PhD 卡美农业咨询您的国际外援 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH CONSULTING YOU INTERNATIONAL BACKUP

2 Outline 概要 Goals for gilt development 后备母猪发育目标 - 1. Target growth to achieve weight of 136 kg at 215 day of age 215 天大时目标增长到 136kg 2. Maximize number of selectable gilts 最大化可选小母猪的数量 Diets 饮食 Feed budgets 饲养预算 Practical considerations 实际考量

3 Beyond Nutrition 营养之上 Nutrition cannot fix everything. Many other factors affect the success of replacement gilts 营养无法改善所有很多其他因素也对替代小母猪的成功有影响 Vaccination and acclimation 疫苗接种和适应环境 Ventilation 通风 Floor space allowance 地面空间限额 Selecting highest quality females 选择最高质量的母猪 Skipping a heat (HNS event) before mating 配种前跳过一个发情期 ( 发情不配种 )

4 Gilt Development: General Guidelines 后备发育 : 总方针 Overall goal for gilt development 后备发育的总体目标 Support optimal growth to achieve adequate number of selectable gilts of target body weight by breeding 通过繁殖支持最佳生长来获得充足的达到目标体重的可选小母猪 Manage gilts with care 用心管理后备母猪 They are not finishing pigs 它们不是商品猪 Different considerations for mineral supplementation 关于补充矿物质需要有不同的考量 Full feed-achieve 3.2 kg a day before breeding 自由采食繁殖前达到每天 3.2kg Minimize out of feed events 尽量减少不是喂养的活动 Ensure growth is not limited 确保生长不是有限的

5 Total Born over 3 Parities is Influenced by Weight at Breeding 繁殖期体重会影响超过 3 个胎次的总出生数 34.0 Total born over 3 parities < >170 Weight at first breeding Weight at breeding affected the total born over 3 parities 繁殖期体重影响超过 3 胎次的总出生数 Williams and Foxcroft, 2005

6 Good Gilt Development: It Begins at the Start! 好的后备发育 : 从最开始算起 Pre-weaning nutrition and litter of origin traits can influence reproductive success and growth 断奶前的营养以及来源窝的特征可以影响繁殖成果及生长 1200 gilts tracked from birth to 260 days of age 从出生到 260 天大跟踪了 1200 头后备母猪 Uterine length was positively associated with birth weight 子宫长径与体重成正比 Pre-weaning growth rate was negatively associated with age at puberty 断奶前生长率与青春期年龄成反比 Vallet et al. 2016

Get Gilts Off to a Good Start: The Future of Your Farm 让后备母猪有一个好的开始 : 你的农场的未来 If receiving weaned gilts from off site, get them started right 如从场外接收了断奶小母猪, 让它们有一个好的开始!

7 Get Gilts Off to a Good Start: The Future of Your Farm 让后备母猪有一个好的开始 : 你的农场的未来 If receiving weaned gilts from off site, get them started right 如从场外接收了断奶小母猪, 让它们有一个好的开始! Ensure rooms are warm and dry 确保房间暖和且干燥 Ventilation set before pigs arrive 在猪到达之前通风已设置好 Starter diet in feeders 喂食器中放仔猪日粮 Mat feed 2-3x/day: encourages intake & getting up 每天垫喂 2 至 3 次 : 估计进食和站立 Less worried about feed waste for 1 st few days 前几天可以少担心饲料浪费的情况 Gruel feed 浆状饲料

8 Gilt Development 后备猪发育 Do not overcrowd 不要过度拥挤 Crowding can delay growth rate and puberty 过度拥挤可以推迟生长率和青春期 Allow adequate feeder and water space for pen 给猪圈提供正确的喂食器和饮水空间 Implement phase feeding program and feed for growth and bone development 执行阶段喂食以促进成长和骨骼发育

9 Gilt Development 后备发育 Diets by phase 阶段饮食 Feed amino acids according to genetic company specifications 根据育种公司具体说明喂养氨基酸 Generally, this will be the same as the grow-finish pig in terms of lysine and the amino acid ratios 一般来讲, 在生长到育肥阶段, 赖氨酸和氨基酸比率保持不变 Provide adequate energy 提供准确的能量 Do not feed low energy diets 不要喂食低能量食物 Data does not support slow growth as improving longevity 数据不支持缓慢成长和寿命延长 Provide diets that are low or no mycotoxins 喂食含量低或不含霉菌毒素的饲料

10 Gilt Development 后备发育 Vitamin/Trace mineral mix - Not a Finishing Pig 维他命 / 微量元素混合基 - 不完全成长的猪 Total calcium (0.60%), Total phosphorus (0.53%), Available phosphorus (0.35%) 全钙 (0.60%), 全磷 (0.53%), 可利用磷 (0.35%) Bone structure 骨骼结构 Organic trace minerals, Vitamin E, Biotin 天然微量元素维他命 E 生物素 Hoof development 猪蹄发育 Immune status 免疫系统 Pyroxidine & Folic acid 维生素 B6 和也叶酸 Embryo survivability 胚胎存活力 Reproductive performance 繁殖表现

11 Example Dietary Program-Growing Gilts 饮食项目例子 : 生长中的后备母猪 Item 项目 Phase 阶段 kg Phase 阶段 kg Phase 阶段 kg Phase 阶段 100+kg ME 代谢能, kcal/kg SID Lys 标准回肠可消化赖氨酸, % M+C:Lys 蛋氨酸 Thr:Lys 苏氨酸 Trp:Lys 色氨酸 Val:Lys Ca 钙, % Aval P,% Feed amino acids according to genetic company specifications 根据育种公司具体说明喂养氨基酸

12 Designing a Feeding Program for Developing Gilts 针对后备母猪设计一个喂养项目 Develop feed budgets based on expected performance 根据期待生产成绩来制定饲料预算 Understand the flow of the barn and feed system to setup phase feeding program 理解畜棚和饲养系统的动态来建立阶段性饲养项目 Every situation may be different 每个情况都可能不一样

13 Example for Gilts that Move as they Grow 后备母猪边长边动 Diet kg Diet kg Diet kg Diet kg Alternate Option: start with pens large enough for breeding gilt and change feed as grow 替代方案 : 由能容下繁殖小母猪的圈开始依据生长情况改变饲料

14 Example 案例 Use expected performance to Estimate Feed Budget 用与其成绩来预估饲料预算 Phase 1 (25-45 kg) 阶段 1 (25-45kg) 20 kg of growth at a feed/gain ratio of 2.0 = 40 kg of feed 按 2.0 的饲料 / 增重比例, 生长 20kg 需要 40kg 饲料 With a growth rate of 0.82 kg/d should take approximately 25 days 按成长率 0.82%kg/ 天应该喂养 25 天 Phase 2 (45-68 kg) 阶段 2(45-68kg) 23 kg of growth at a feed/gain ratio of 2.5 = 58 kg of feed 按 2.5 的饲料 / 增重比例, 生长 23kg 需要 58kg 饲料 With a growth rate of approximately 0.86 kg/d should take approximately 27 days 成长率 0.86%kg/ 天应该喂养 27 天

15 Example 案例 Phase 3 (68-90 kg) 阶段 3(68-90kg) 22 kg of growth at a feed/gain ratio of 2.8 = 61.6 kg of feed 按 2.8 的饲料 / 增重比例, 生长 22kg 需要 61.6kg 饲料 With a growth rate of 0.90 kg/d should take approximately 24 days 成长率 0.90%kg/ 天应该喂养 24 天 Phase 4 (90+ kg) 阶段 4(90+kg) Feed conversion will be around 3.2 喂养转换率在 3.2 左右 Breeding target of 136 kg 配种目标 136kg Will stall acclimate in gestation for 3 weeks prior to breeding 在配种前 3 周妊娠期开始停止驯化 136 kg 21 kg = 115 kg as final weight on GDU feed 后备舍饲喂的最终体重 136 kg 21 kg = 115 kg 115 kg 90 kg = 25 kg of growth at 3.2 conversion = 80 kg of feed 以 3.2 转换率 =80kg 的饲料会增长 115 kg 90 kg = 25 kg Growth rate should be between 0.8 and 0.9 kg/d 成长率应该在 kg/d Approximately 31 days on this phase 这一阶段持续大概 31 天

16 Other Considerations for Developing Gilts 关于后备母猪其它需要考虑的 Set feed bins to feed only one age group of pigs 设置饲料罐来供给每组猪的饲料 Use feeders that will hold more than the expected daily intake of each group 使用超出小组每日预期采食量的喂食器 Fill feeders full daily 每日把料槽添满 Maintain appropriate feeder adjustment 进行适当的料槽调整 Use expected performance to determine feed budget for each diet 用与其成绩来决定每一种饮食的饲料预算

17 Feed Restriction Affects Performance 限制饲料影响业绩 Feed restriction influences development of mammary tissue 限制饲料影响乳腺组织的发育 (Farmer, 2013) Feed restriction (75% Ad libitum access) during development decreased likelihood that gilts expressed estrus by 230 days of age by 10% and increased age at puberty 发育期间饲料限制 (75% 自由性 ) 导致小母猪在 230 天大时发情可能性降低 10% 并提高青春期年龄 (Johnson et al., 2010)

18 Full Feeding is Best Practice for Optimal Growth 自由采食是以达到最佳生长的最佳做法 Gilts should be full fed until time of breeding 直到繁殖小母猪应当进行自由采食 Do not estimate how many pounds a gilt will eat and multiply by the number of animals in the pen to determine how much feed to provide for a day 不要预估一只小母猪会吃多少磅并将此结果与圈内动物数相乘来判断一天要提供多少饲料 Animals eat at different rates and some gilts will eat more than the average and cause others to not get enough feed 动物都吃不同的量, 有些小母猪会吃超出平均值导致其它猪没有够的食物

确保容易接近而且限制浪费 Greater coverage at weaning 断奶时更高覆盖率 Too far

19 Feeder Management is Important 管理料槽很重要 Target ~30% pan coverage 目标 30% 覆盖率 Ensure easy access and limit wastage 确保容易接近而且限制浪费 Greater coverage at weaning 断奶时更高覆盖率 Too far open 太开了 Wasted $$ in the pit Poor feed conversion 浪费金钱饲料转化率差 Much better 好多了

Finally being fed 终于吃到了 Clean Plugged Feeders

20 Out of Feed Events Compromise Gain and Mortality 喂养之外的活动获得妥协及死亡率 Looking for the next meal 寻找下一餐 Finally being fed 终于吃到了 Clean Plugged Feeders 清理被堵塞的料槽 Ensure Feed System runs correctly on automatic 确保喂养系统正确地自动操作

21 Summary 小结 Successful gilt development program 成功的后备发育项目 Understand flow of facility and feed system design 了解器设施的流动性和喂养系统的设计 Create a feed budget plan to change nutrient density with growth 制造一个饲料预算项目来改变生长的营养密度 Weight at breeding influences productivity 繁殖时体重影响产量 Many factors ensure optimal growth and adequate number of selectable gilts 很多因素都可以确保最佳生长和充足可选小母猪的数量 Free access to feed and water 自由获取饲料和水 Correct diets for stage of growth 不同生长阶段应用正确的饮食 Stocking density, ventilation, health etc 饲养密度, 通风, 健康等

22 Thank You! 谢谢! University of Minnesota 明尼苏达大学 Carthage Veterinary Service 卡美兽医服务中心 Professional Swine Management 专业猪业管理 CM 卡美农业咨询

23 卡美农业技术咨询有限公司简介 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH CONSULTING LIMITED INTRODUCTION 感谢关注! THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Discussion 讨论 We will discuss the following today: 我们今天要讨论以下内容 : Nutrition goals for lactation and gestation 哺乳期和妊娠期的营养目标 Gilt development 后备母猪发育 Diet

Discussion 讨论 We will discuss the following today: 我们今天要讨论以下内容 : Nutrition goals for lactation and gestation 哺乳期和妊娠期的营养目标 Gilt development 后备母猪发育 Diet Feeding the Reproductive Female and Using Metrics to Predict Performance 饲喂繁殖母猪并用度量指标来预测生产成绩卡美农业技术咨询有限公司简介 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH CONSULTING LIMITED INTRODUCTION 卡美农业咨询您的国际外援 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH