2 a ma B. Li > / / > > //> // > > > sin km 33 tsi

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艮潘
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1 * ba ei /ai bei /bai me *

2 2 a ma B. Li > / / > > //> // > > > sin km 33 tsi tsa k w a mε pa 35 la a

3 > > > / / > > > > > complementizer C CP Lee Cheng 1991Y. -H. A. Li cartography Rizzi 1997Cinque 1999Cinque & Rizzi

4 root clause FP CP C CP TP TP XP 1 18 head parameter VP vp headinitial Huang 1997Huang et al TP CP head-final Final-over-Final Constraint FOFC Biberauer et al vp vp TP Kayne 1994 Tang

5 complement trace t t t 23 1 t 2 t 5 Tang 2015b external conjunct internal conjunct

6 tsy sin tag question tag statement 36 Tang 2015b 2016

7 John is a student isn t he 36That was a lovely drinkthat was. isn t he that was B. Li F1 F2 F3 F1 FP1 FP1 specifier FP1 FP2 FP1 F2 FP1

8 8 FP2F3 FP2 FP spec-head relation predication agreement 38 3 > > > > 1 Tang2015a

9 Dikken2006 RELATOR yes BiberauerT. HolmbergA. & RobertsI A Syntactic Universal and Its Consequences. Linguistic Inquiry

10 10 ChengL. L. 1991On the Typology of wh-questions. Doctoral DissertationCambridgeMIT. CinqueG. 1999Adverbs and Functional Heads: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective. New York Oxford University Press. CinqueG. & RizziL. 2008The Cartography of Syntactic Structures. STiL-Studies in LinguisticsCISCL Working Papers. Volume den DikkenM. 2006Relators and Linkers: The Syntax of PredicationPredicate Inversion and Copulas. CambridgeMAThe MIT Press. HuangC. -T. J. 1997On Lexical Structure and Syntactic Projection. In TsaoFeng-fu. & WangH. S. eds. Chinese Languages and Linguistics HuangC. -T. J. LiY. -H. A. & LiYafei. 2009The Syntax of Chinese. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. KayneR. S. 1994The Antisymmetry of Syntax. CambridgeMAThe MIT Press. LeeT. Hun-tak. 1986Studies on Quantification in Chinese. Doctoral DissertationLos AngelesUniversity of California. LiB. 2006Chinese Final Particles and the Syntax of the Periphery. UtrechtLOT. LiYen-hui. A. 1992Indefinite wh in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics RizziL. 1997The Fine Structure of the Left Periphery. In HaegemanL. ed. Elements of Grammar: Handbook in Generative Syntax. DordrechtThe Netherlands Kluwer Academic TangSze-Wing. 1998Parametrization of Features in Syntax. Doctoral Dissertation Irvine University of California. 2015aCartographic Syntax of Pragmatic Projections. In LiA. SimpsonA. & Weitien Dylan Tsai. eds. Chinese Syntax in a Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Oxford and New YorkOxford University Press. 2015bA Generalized Syntactic Schema for Utterance Particles in Chinese. Lingua Sinica swtang@ cuhk. edu. hk

11 334 CONTENTS Sentence-Final Particles as Conjuncts under the Cartographic Approach Deng Siying 1 AbstractThrough the grammatical properties of the clusters of sentence-final particles in Chinesethe significance of the study of the clausal periphery under the cartographic approach is shown in this paper. Analyzing sentencefinal particles as the internal conjunct in a conjunction structure is a new attempt in the cartographic study of Chinese syntaxwhich not only offers a unified analysis of sentence-final expressions in Chinese and Englishbut also enhances our understanding of the complexity of the clausal periphery in syntax. Key wordsparticleparticle clusterconjunctioncartographycantonese Conjunctive Reduction in Two Formosan LanguagesA Cartography-Based Analysis Wu Junming & Cai Weitian 11 AbstractThis paper investigates conjunctive reduction in two Formosan languagesmayrinax Atayal and Southern Paiwan. We examine various constructions surrounding the two-way grammaticalization of linkers that is adverbialization and complementation and show how it works to shape the Cartographic structure of the two languages. It is argued that the Mayrinax linker i licenses modal /evaluative construals on the complementizer layer and control /middle construals on the lexical layer. In additionsouthern Paiwan evidences a third type of linker construals on the inflectional layer where frequency /repetitive /locative expressions are introduced and permutation around the linker a is allowed. This unique property sheds light on the hybrid nature of these construalsthat isa complement-type of syntax with an

7 a x b (y) 2007a 7 b x b x y x b 2006a a 8 a. b. x. y. xb 8 a b x a x b y b x b x xb y a b 9 y b b x 11 a. b. x. y. xb Chao

7 a x b (y) 2007a 7 b x b x y x b 2006a a 8 a. b. x. y. xb 8 a b x a x b y b x b x xb y a b 9 y b b x 11 a. b. x. y. xb Chao 2008 6 * 2007a 2007a 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2007a a : b = x : y 7 a b x y a b x 2006a a b a a x a x y b * 2007 8 2008 5-6 General Research Fund GRF A Comparative Study of Definiteness in Chinese Dialects B-Q02H