幻灯片 1

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1 Introduction of Marine Protected areas - China

2 Contents 1. Overview of MPAs in China 2. Three of nominated MPAs in China

3 Overview of MPAs in China

4 1. Overview of MPAs in China MNR To protect and keep natural Typical ecosystem Important and endangered species Natural relics and other resources MSPA To keep services and sustainable use Special geographical locations Marine ecosystem Ocean park Marine resource

5 1. Overview of MPAs in China 264 MPAs in total up to 2015, in which National marine protected areas: 93 National Marine nature reserve: 34 National Marine special protected: 69 Total area: >100, 000 km 2 Ecosystem: mangrove, coral reef, salt marsh, estuary, bay, island, lagoon et al Endangered species: amphioxus, spotted seals, dolphins, sea turtles and other rare and endangered marine species

6 序号国家级自然保护区名称地点主要保护对象 1 鸭绿江口滨海湿地国家级自然保护区辽宁东港沿海滩涂湿地及水禽候鸟 2 蛇岛 - 老铁山国家级自然保护区辽宁大连蝮蛇候鸟及蛇岛特殊生态系统 3 大连斑海豹国家级自然保护区辽宁大连斑海豹及其栖息 4 城山头国家级自然保护区辽宁大连地质遗迹古生物化石及海滨喀斯特地貌 5 双台河口及水鸟国家级自然保护区辽宁盘锦珍稀水禽及湿地生态系统 6 天津古海岸与湿地国家级自然保护区天津贝壳堤牡蛎滩古海岸遗迹滨海湿地 7 昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区河北昌黎海滩及近海生态系统 8 滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区山东滨州贝壳堤岛和滨海湿地 9 荣成大天鹅山东荣成大天鹅等珍禽及生境 10 长岛国家级自然保护区山东长岛鹰隼等猛禽及候鸟栖息地 11 黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区山东东营原生性湿地生态系统及珍禽 12 盐城珍稀鸟类国家级自然保护区江苏盐城丹顶鹤等珍禽及海涂湿地生态系统 13 大丰麇鹿国家级自然保护区江苏大丰麋鹿及其生境 14 崇明东滩国家级自然保护区上海崇明候鸟中华鲟 15 上海九段沙国家级自然保护区上海浦东河口沙洲地貌和鸟类等 16 南麂列岛国家级自然保护区浙江平阳海洋贝藻类及其生境 17 深沪湾海底古森林国家级自然保护区福建晋江海底古森林遗迹和牡蛎海滩岩及地质地貌 18 厦门珍稀海洋生物物种国家级自然保护区福建厦门中华白海豚白鹭文昌鱼 19 漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区福建云霄湿地红树林生态系统 20 惠东港海龟国家级自然保护区广东惠州海龟及产卵繁殖地 21 内伶仃 - 福田国家级自然保护区广东深圳猕猴鸟类红树林等 22 珠江口中华白海豚国家级自然保护区广东珠海中华白海豚及其生境 23 湛江红树林国家级自然保护区广东湛江红树林生态系统 24 徐闻珊瑚礁国家级自然保护区广东徐闻珊瑚礁及其生态系统 25 雷州珍稀海洋生物国家级自然保护区广东湛江白蝶贝 26 山口红树林国家级自然保护区广西合浦红树林生态系统 27 合浦儒艮国家级自然保护区广西合浦儒艮及海洋生态系统 28 北仑河口国家级自然保护区广西防城港红树林生态系统 29 东寨港红树林国家级自然保护区海南海口红树林生态系统 30 大洲岛海洋生态系统国家级自然保护区海南万宁金丝燕及生境海洋生态系 31 三亚珊瑚礁国家级自然保护区海南三亚珊瑚礁及其生态系统 32 铜鼓岭国家级自然保护区海南省文昌市珊瑚礁地质地貌热带季雨矮林野生动物等 33 韭山列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区浙江象山大黄鱼鸟类等动物及岛礁生态系统 34 广东南澎列岛国家级自然保护区广东南澳海洋生态系统及海洋生物

7 1. Overview of MPAs in China Basic information of MNR Total area km 2 Protect target: Ecosystem: mangrove, coral reef, salt marsh, estuary, bay, island, lagoon et al. Endangered species: amphioxus, spotted seals, dolphins, sea turtles and other rare and endangered marine species Others: rare marine natural heritage 34NMNR, 17 managed by OFB, 50%

8 Coral reef Salt marsh mangrove Seagrass bed

10 1. Overview of MPAs in China Basic information of NMSPA 2002, first MSPA approved by Fujian Province government 2004, first national MSPA approved 2010, first MSPA Committee meeting 2011, first national Ocean park 2013, 46 national MSPA 2015, 69 national MSPA

12 1. Overview of MPAs in China Legislation and regulations Article 21: State Council departments and coastal provincial people's governments shall, according to the need to protect the marine ecosystem, electing & planning, the establishment of marine nature reserves. Article 23: Where has a special geographical conditions, ecosystems, biological and non-living resources, marine development and utilization region for special needs, shall establish marine special protection areas and take effective protection measures with scientific approach for management.

13 1. Overview of MPAs in China Part of Technology standards for MPAs National standard (GB/T ) Principles of type and level of classification of marine nature reserves National Standard (GB / T ) Technical specifications of marine nature reserve management National Standard (GB / T ) Selection technology guidelines of marine special protection areas Marine industry standards (HY / T ) Special marine protected area classification and grading standards Marine industry standards (HY/T ) Technical guidelines for the preparation of overall planning, function zoning in marine special protection areas

14 1. Overview of MPAs in China

15 Three of nominated MPAs in China

16 2. Nominated MPAs in China Common features of MPAs nominated in China Independent Management Office Willingness National Protected areas NEAMPAN English Communicati on Biodiversity, rare and endangered species

17 2. Nominated MPAs in China 东北亚海洋保护区网络的海洋保护区 NEAMPAN Sikhote-Alin State National Biosphere Reserve 锡霍特国家自然生物圈保护区 Changyi Marine Ecology 昌邑海洋生态特别保护区 Far-Eastern State Marine Biosphere Reserve 远东国家海洋生物圈保护区 Shiretoko National Park 知床国家公园 Beilun Estuary 北仑河口自然保护区 Sanya Coral Reef 三亚珊瑚礁自然保护区 Shankou Mangrove 山口红树林自然保护区 Nanji Islands 南麂列岛 Dazhou Island 大洲岛自然保护区 Muan Wetland 务安湿地 Suncheon Bay Wetland 顺天湾湿地

2.1 Changyi National Marine Ecology Special Protected area Year designated: 2007 Conservation status: MSPA Area: 2929.28 hm 2 Laizhou Bay Range: 119 20 09.30 E-119 24 13.

18 2.1 Changyi National Marine Ecology Special Protected area Year designated: 2007 Conservation status: MSPA Area: hm 2 Laizhou Bay Range: E E N N Location: Changyi, Shandong Province Key Protected species: tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis), marine organisms and coastal wetland ecosystems

2.1 Changyi National Marine Ecology Special Protected area Feature of protected area Diversity of wetland types Shallow sea Tideland Saltmarsh Tamarisk wetland Be abundant of biological resources

19 2.1 Changyi National Marine Ecology Special Protected area Feature of protected area Diversity of wetland types Shallow sea Tideland Saltmarsh Tamarisk wetland Be abundant of biological resources Marine organism Terrestrial plant Birds It s the only national MPA that protects mainly tamarisk of coastal wetland in China; It s tamarisk s natural range which own good growth, largest area and typical structure in China coast; It s extremely rare among the north coast and has been of inestimable value to protection and development.

20 2.1 Changyi National Marine Ecology Special Protected area Tamarisk Tamarisk Suaeda salsa Terrestrial plant White Swan Wild animal and birds Tamarisk Setaria Wild geese

21 2.1 Changyi National Marine Ecology Special Protected area Construction and Management Management authority Management Committee General Department Management and Protection Department Technique Department In 2009, the management committee of Changyi National Marine Ecolog Special Protected area was licensed. It belongs to public institution and controlled directly by the city government.

22 2.1 Changyi National Marine Ecology Special Protected area Construction and Management Funds Central marine fee Project of Marine ecological restoration Investment coming from local governments

23 2.1 Changyi National Marine Ecology Special Protected area Challenges Insufficient funds Threats from utilization and other activities Public awareness

24 2.2 Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve Ximao and Dongmao Island area Yalong Bay area Luhuitou Peninsula area N Year designated: 1990 Conservation status: MNR Area: 8500 hm 2 Range: E E N N Location: Sanya, Hainan Province Key Protected species: Coral reef and the marine ecological system Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve

25 2.2 Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve Feature of nature reserve low latitude tropical oceanic monsoon climate appropriate hydrologic properties Coral communities growth and development Coral Reefs Marine organism living with coral reef

26 2.2 Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve Part of main coral species Gorgonian Sinuosa Elegans Scabricula Porites pukoensis Cactus Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve

27 2.2 Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve Construction and Management Monitoring and Research Research on biodiversity of coral reef Monitoring of coral reef around projects Study on the influence to coral reef after breeding and releasing of fish Basic research on morphological characters and habits of marine animals

28 2.2 Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve Challenges Global Changes in Oceans Environmental pollution Threats from human activity Insufficient funds

29 2.3 National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems Year designated: 1990 Conservation status: MNR Area: 7000 hm 2 Range: E E Dazhou Island National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems Legend N N Location: Wanning, Hainan Province Key Protected species: Swiftlet, its habitat and the marine ecological system

2.3 National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems Feature of nature reserve Typical marine ecosystem of Island Be abundant of plant resources Be rich of animal resources, especially the

30 2.3 National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems Feature of nature reserve Typical marine ecosystem of Island Be abundant of plant resources Be rich of animal resources, especially the swiftlet Marine organism around the Island Swiftlet has been the endangered species. Dazhou Island provides them habitat environment. Swiftlet s nests are famous as the eastern curiosity and rare medicine.

31 2.3 National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems Swiftlet and the marine ecological environment

32 2.3 National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems Construction and Management Management authority In 1992, administration of National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems was established. There are 8 staff currently. It belongs to Hainan Provincial Oceanic & Fishery Administration.

33 2.3 National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems Construction and Management Management system In 1992, Regulations on the Nature Protection Regions of Hainan Province In 1992, Announcement on reinforce the management of National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems In 1994, Regulations on the Nature Protection Regions of the People's Republic of China In 1995, Regulations on the Nature Protection Regions

34 2.3 National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems Construction and Management Education and Training promotional material exchanges and cooperation outreach activities website 第 <34> 页

35 2.3 National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems Construction and Management Monitoring and Research Study on behavioral ecology and species of swiftlet Research on biodiversity of plants in the island Research on marine ecology around the island

36 2.3 National Nature Reserve of Dazhou Island Marine Ecosystems Challenges Insufficient funds Overfishing around the island illegal tourist

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<4D6963726F736F667420576F7264202D20A6DBB54DACECBEC7B7A7BDD7A655B667A46ABAF42E646F63> 生物與生活 I: 陸域生物與生態林明炤 ( 南華大學通識中心教授 ) 何謂生物學?(What is Biology?) 舉凡研究生物的生命與結構, 以及其運作之科學, 稱為生物學 The scientific study of the life and structure of living things,