90 緒言 n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA linolenic acid, C18: 3 eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA, C20: 5 docosahexaenoic acid; DHA, C22: 6 Wang et al.,

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1 45(2) 89~101, 飼料添加魚油和亞硒酸鈉對雞蛋之產蛋性能蛋品質及營養組成之動態變化 (1) (2) (2) (1) (1) (2)(3) 摘要 n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA selenium, Se PUFA % 0.6 mg Se/kg 28 eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA 8.54% docosahexaenoic acid, DHA 20.06% P = egg mass EPA + DHA P 0.01 EPA + DHA 550 mg/100 g 61 µg/100 g 8 2 n-3 (1) (2) (3) dnlee@niu.edu.tw

2 90 緒言 n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA linolenic acid, C18: 3 eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA, C20: 5 docosahexaenoic acid; DHA, C22: 6 Wang et al., 2013 DHA 500 mg/ DHA % 100 g mg DHA Cachaldora et al., 2006 selenium, Se µg/ 125 µg 200 µg Clark et al., 1996; Wang et al., 2013 NRC mg/kg Habibian et al., 2015; Laika and Jahanian, µg µg Payne et al., 2005 PUFA PUFA PUFA Pappas et al., 2005 材料與方法一試驗設計 % 0.6 mg/kg Na 2 SeO 3 1 EPA DHA n-3 PUFA mg/kg Se 0.8 mg/kg

3 91 1 Table 1 Formula and nutrient composition of diet Ingredient % Yellow corn Soybean meal Wheat bran 2.30 Limestone, pulverized Dicalcium phosphate (P 21%) 1.20 Salt 0.30 Fish oil 3.50 Choline-Cl (50%) 0.10 Lysine 0.05 Threonine 0.04 Methionine 0.18 Vitmin premix a 0.10 Mineral premix b 0.10 Calculated nutrient composition CP (%) ME (kcal/kg) 2,800 Ca (%) 4.85 Available P (%) 0.36 Methionine (%) 0.39 Met + Cys (%) 0.72 Measured nutrient composition EPA (mg/kg) c DHA (mg/kg) d n-3 fatty acids (mg/kg) e Se (mg/kg) 0.80 a Supplied per kg diet; vitamin A, 15,000 IU; vitamin D 3, 1,200 IU; vitamin E, 45 IU; vitamin K 3, 3.0 mg; vitamin B 1, 3.0 mg; vitamin B 2, 7.0 mg; vitamin B 6, 6.0 mg; vitamin B 12, 48.0 mg; Niacin, 35.0 mg; pantothenic, 25.0 mg; Biotin, 0.2 mg; Folic acid, 2.0 mg. b Supplied per kg diet; Fe, 60 mg; Mn, 40 mg; Zn, 50 mg; Cu, 5 mg; I, 0.05 mg; Co, 0.05 mg; Se, 0.60 mg. c EPA = Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5). d DHA = Docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6). e n-3 fatty acids = C18: 3 + C20: 5 + C22: 6.

4 92 二飼養管理 235 cm 145 cm ºC 30.06ºC 32 cm 27 cm 32 cm 8 三測定項目與分析方法 ( 一 ) 產蛋性能 egg mass ( 二 ) 蛋品質分析 Fudoh, Kogyo, Japan 50 mm/min Haugh unit TSS, York, UK Haugh unit = 100 log H - 1.7W H = mm W = g ( 三 ) 飼料與蛋營養組成 EPA DHA ml - 16 h 20 mg 1 ml C23: 0 1 ml 1 N 80ºC 15 min 14% 1 ml 110ºC 15 min 1 ml 6 ml - PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA HP µm 0.25 mm 100 m 200ºC 8 min 10ºC / 220ºC 40 min 250ºC 270ºC 1.0 ml/min EPA DHA % n % n = g

5 93 2 Table 2 The fatty acid composition of fish oil Items % C14: C16: C16: 1 (n-7) 5.00 C18: C18: 1 (n-9) C18: 2 (n-6) 1.80 C18: 3 (n-3) 1.68 C20: 5 (n-3) 8.54 C22: 6 (n-3) n-3 fatty acids n-3 fatty acids = C18: 3 + C20: 5 + C22: ml 1 ml 140ºC 15 min CEM MARSXpress, NC, USA 140ºC 2, 3-4, 5- Hitachi F-2500, Berks, UK EX 376 nm EM 520 nm 0-3 µg/ml R 四統計分析 SAS 2002 MIXED GLM F P < 0.05 least significant difference test, LSD 結果與討論 g/day P = P = P > ºC

6 Cachaldora et al., 2006;, 2014 n-3 estradiol Van Elswyk, Table 3 Effect of supplemental fish oil and sodium selenite on production performance kinetics change of laying hens Week Items P value Egg production (%) ± ± ± ± Egg weight (g) ± ± ± ± Egg mass (g/day/hen) ± ± ± ± ADFI (g/day) ± ± ± ± Feed: egg (g/g) 1.87 ± ± ± ± Cracked egg (%) 0.46 ± ± Mean SD. ADFI =Average daily feed intake. 4 8 P = Cherian, 2008;, C20: 5 EPA C22: 6 DHA n EPA 4 EPA DHA % P C16: 1 n-7 n-3 n % % P C16: 0 P 0.05 n-3/n-6 10 C18: 1 n-9 P C18: 0 P 0.05 C18: 3 n-3

7 95 4 Table 4 Effect of supplemental fish oil and sodium selenite on egg quality kinetics change of laying hens Day P value Items Egg shell strength (kg) 3.63 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Albumen height (mm) 6.89 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Yolk height (mm) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Haugh unit (HU ) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Mean SD. HU = 100 log[h 1.7(W) ], H = Albumen height and W = Egg weight.

8 96 5 Table 5 Effect of supplemental fish oil and sodium selenite on yolk fatty acids percentage of laying hens Day P value Items C14: 0 (%) 0.17 ± c 0.24 ± 0.16 bc 0.39 ± 0.06 abc 0.49 ± 0.14 a 0.34 ± 0.08 acb 0.42 ± 0.28 ab 0.50 ± 0.04 a 0.03 C16: 0 (%) ± 1.16 b ± 1.86 b ± 0.62 ab ± 2.61 ab ± 2.38 a ± 2.08 a ± 0.22 a 0.01 C16: 1 (n-7) (%) 0.24 ± 0.04 b 0.23 ± 0.06 b 0.31 ± 0.10 b 0.54 ± 0.11 a 0.60 ± 0.06 a 0.56 ± 0.12 a 0.56 ± 0.04 a 0.01 C18: 0 (%) 8.74 ± 0.5 ab 9.08 ± 0.58 a 8.11 ± 0.22 abc 8.20 ± 0.48 abc 8.72 ± 1.08 ab 7.72 ± 0.94 bc 7.44 ± 0.73 c 0.03 C18: 1 (n-9) (%) ± 1.53 c ± 2.49 bc ± 2.18 bc ± 1.67 bc ± 5.29 abc ± 2.09 ab ± 1.49 a 0.02 C18: 2 (n-6) (%) ± 2.64 a ± 3.85 ab ± 1.51 b ± 4.20 b ± 1.80 c ± 4.12 c ± 1.76 c 0.01 C18: 3 (n-3) (%) 1.07 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± C20: 5 (n-3) (%) 0 c 0 c 0.04 ± 0.05 c 0.21 ± 0.08 b 0.27 ± 0.05 a 0.26 ± 0.04 ab 0.28 ± 0.04 ab 0.01 C20: 5 (n-3) (%) 0.98 ± 0.2 c 1.23 ± 0.17 c 2.50 ± 0.61 b 3.65 ± 0.95 a 4.98 ± 1.12 a 4.33 ± 0.98 a 4.82 ± 0.03 a 0.01 EPA + DHA (%) 0.98 ± 0.19 c 1.23 ± 0.11 c 2.54 ± 0.66 bc 3.86 ± 1.04 b 5.25 ± 1.12 a 4.60 ± 1.02 ab 5.09 ± 0.05 ab 0.01 n-3 fatty acids (%) # 2.02 ± 0.17 c 3.33 ± 2.29 bc 3.41 ± 0.62 bc 4.59 ± 0.96 ab 5.76 ± 1.16 a 5.16 ± 0.89 ab 5.57 ± 0.08 a 0.01 n-3/n ± 0.01 c 0.14 ± 0.1 bc 0.17 ± 0.04 bc 0.25 ± 0.10 bc 0.42 ± 0.10 a 0.38 ± 0.21 ab 0.40 ± 0.04 ab 0.01 Mean SD. EPA + DHA = C20: 5 + C20: 5. # n-3 fatty acids = C18: 3 + C20: 5 + C22: 6. a, b, c Means within the same row without common superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05).

9 97 1 PUFA EPA 6 23 mg/100 g mg/100 g DHA 69 mg/100 g mg/100 g mg/100 g EPA + DHA mg/100 g mg/100 g n mg/100 g mg/100 g mg/100 g µg/100 g 4 52 µg/100 g P µg/100 g PDF ; Figure 1 Effect of supplemental fish oil and sodium selenite on yolk poly unsaturated fatty acids and egg Se deposition kinetics of laying hens. Color version available in the online PDF (yolk poly unsaturated fatty acids to refer left axis and egg Se to refer right axis). Cherian, 2008; Antruejo et al., 2011 n-6 PUFA n-3

10 98 PUFA 3.5% 4 28 EPA 0.27% DHA 4.82% n % DHA n-3 DHA Cachaldora et al., 2006;, % EPA 20.9% DHA % 56 EPA + DHA mg/100 g Cachaldora et al., 2006 DHA EPA + DHA n DHA EPA + DHA 8, 2014 Cachaldora et al., 2006 PUFA DHA Cachaldora et al., 2006 Pappas et al., 2005;, 2007 Mohiti-Asli et al Zduńczyk et al mg/kg DHA % Mohiti-Asli et al., 2008; Zduńczyk et al., mg/kg glutathione peroxidase mg/kg vs mg/kg vs mg/kg 0.40 mg/kg 14.5/8.2 mg/kg 4.5/9.9 mg/kg Cobanova et al., mg/kg 0.95 mg/kg vs %, mg/kg Couloigner et al., mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg 56, 2003;, 2009;,

11 結論 8 28 EPA + DHA 8 2 n-3 誌謝參考文獻 P Antruejo, A., J. O. Azcona, P. T. Garcia, C. Gallinger, M. Rosmini, R. Ayerza, W. Coates, and C. D. Perez Omega-3 enriched egg production: the effect of -linolenic -3 fatty acid sources on laying hen performance and yolk lipid content and fatty acid composition. Br. Poult. Sci.52: Cachaldora, P., P. García-Rebollar, C. Alvarez, J. C. De Blas, and J. Méndez Effect of type and level of fish oil supplementation on yolk fat composition and n-3 fatty acids retention efficiency in laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 47: Cherian, C Egg quality and yolk polyunsaturated fatty acid status in relation to broiler breeder

12 100 hen age and dietary n-3 oils. Poult. Sci. 87: Clark, L. C., G. F. Combs, B. W. Turnbull, and E. H. Slate Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. J. A. M. A. 276: Cobanova, K., V. Petrovic, M. Mellen, H. Arpasova, L. Gresakova, and S. Faix Effect of dietary form of selenium on its distribution in eggs. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 144: Couloigner, F., M. Jlali, M. Briens, F. Rouffineau, P. A. Geraert, and Y. Mercier Selenium deposition kinetics of different selenium sources in muscle and feathers of broilers. Poult. Sci. 94: Habibian, M., G. Sadeghi, S. Ghazi, and M. M. Moeini Selenium as a feed supplement for heat-stressed poultry: a review. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 165: Laika, M., and R. Jahanina Dietary supplementation of organic selenium could improve performance, antibody response, and yolk oxidative stability in laying hens fed on diets containing oxidized fat. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 165: Mohiti-Asli, M., F. Shariatmadari, H. Lotfollahian, and M. T. Mazuji Effects of supplementing layer hen diets with selenium and vitamin E on egg quality, lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition during storage. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: NRC National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC. Pappas, A. C., T. Acamovic, N. H. Sparks, P. F. Surai, and R. M. McDevitt Effects of supplementing broiler breeder diets with organic selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids on egg quality during storage. Poult. Sci. 84: Payne, R. L., T. K. Lavergne, and L. L. Southern Effect of inorganic versus organic selenium on hen production and egg selenium concentration. Poult. Sci. 84: SAS SAS/STAT user's guide, version 9. SAS Institute, Cary, NC. Van Elswyk, M. E Nutritional and physiological effects of flax seed in diets for laying fowl. World's Poult. Sci. J. 53: Wang, H., Y. L. Chan, T. L. Li, B. A. Bauer, S. Hsia, C. H. Wang, J. S. Huang, H. M. Wang, K. Y. Yeh, T. H. Huang, G. J. Wu, and C. J. Wu Reduction of splenic immunosuppressive cells and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity by synergy of fish oil and selenium yeast. PLoS One 8(1):e doi: /journal.pone Zduńczyk, Z., A. Drażbo, J. Jankowski, J. Juśkiewicz, Z. Antoszkiewicz, and A. Troszyńska The effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium supplements on the fatty acid profile and quality traits of eggs. Arch. Tierzucht 72:

13 J. Chin. Soc. Anim. Sci. 45(2): 89~101, Kinetics of performance, egg quality, and egg nutrient contents in laying hens after dietary supplementation of fish oil and sodium selenite I-Min Chiou (1), Hung-Ming Cheng (2), Yi-Fan Chu (2), Shu-Hui Peng (1), Xiu-Ru Wang (1) and Der-Nan Lee (2)(3) ABSTRACT The n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as selenium (Se) are essential nutrition in poultry and human. Thus supplementation of fish oil (high PUFA content) and sodium selenite to layer diet is believed to be able to enrich such nutrients in eggs. The study was conducted to explore the deposition kinetics of performance, egg quality, and egg nutrients content in laying hens after dietary supplementation. A total of 96 laying hens of 60-week-old were randomly allocated into 4 pens each with 4 m 2 and they were ad libitum floor fed in set nests on a diet supplemented with 3.5% fish oil (20.06% docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) and 0.60 mg/kg Se from sodium selenite for 28 days. Production performance was measured weekly, and 2 eggs per pen were randomly collected every 2 days during 0-10 and on final day of the study for egg quality and egg nutrient analyzing. Results showed that the ADFI on week 1 tended to decrease as compared to the other period (P = 0.08). However, dietary treatment did not affect the production performance (P > 0.05). Dietary treatment affected little on egg quality ( P > 0.05), included shell strength, albumen height, yolk height, or the Haugh unit. The yolk EPA + DHA and egg Se contents were increased on day 4 and to a plateau on day 8 and 28 (P < 0.01), respectively. Moreover, the yolk EPA + DHA and egg Se contents were 550 mg/100 gand 61 µg/100 g, an increase of 8 and 2 fold than the initial period, respectively. It is concluded that adding fish oil and Se from sodium selenite could enhance the nutrient contents in the egg, and did not compromise with the production performance or egg quality of laying hens. (Key Words: Fish oil, Fatty acid, Hen, Selenium) (1) Department of Food Science, National Ilan University. 1, Sec. 1, Shen Lung Road, Ilan 260, Taiwan, R.O.C. (2) Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University. 1, Sec. 1, Shen Lung Road, Ilan 260, Taiwan, R.O.C. (3) Corresponding author, dnlee@niu.edu.tw

22 Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine 2011 Vol. 43 No % 3% 3% /% % 6. 67% 1. 71% 1. 11% 0. 14% 0.

22 Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine 2011 Vol. 43 No % 3% 3% /% % 6. 67% 1. 71% 1. 11% 0. 14% 0. 2011 43 5 21 3 1 1* 1 2 3 1 1. 2. 3. 78. 68±2. 95 g 28 300 3 5 3% 3 1 ALT TP ALB AST 0. 05 P>0. 05 ALT TP ALB P>0. 05 AST 0. 05 GLOB P>0. 05 2 INS 0. 05 TSH T 3 0. 05 P>0. 05 GLU GH T4 IGF-I P>0. 05 S816.

90 緒 言 n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA linolenic acid, C18: 3 eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA, C20: 5 docosahexaenoic acid; DHA, C22: 6 Wang et al.,

90 緒言 n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA linolenic acid, C18: 3 eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA, C20: 5 docosahexaenoic acid; DHA, C22: 6 Wang et al.,