Microsoft Word - 汪青_news_.doc

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1 5 种水产动物血红细胞形态显微观察比较及进化分析 1,2, 2, 2, 2 (1., ; 2., ) 摘要 : 采用 Hemacolor 染料对泥蚶 (Tegillarca granosa) 毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata) 鲫鱼(Carassius auratus) 牛蛙 (Rana catesbeiana) 中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis) 等 5 种水产动物血细胞涂片进行染色, 利用光镜和扫描电镜两种方法对 5 种动物的血红细胞的表面结构和形态特征进行观察结果发现 : 泥蚶毛蚶两种蚶科贝类血红细胞具有嗜酸性或嗜碱性颗粒, 而鲫鱼牛蛙中华鳖 3 种水产脊椎动物则没有 ; 从蚶科贝类到牛蛙, 血红细胞直径不断增大, 而中华鳖血红细胞直径则变小 ; 血红细胞长宽比也符合这一变化趋势泥蚶和毛蚶血红细胞表面有明显的波状褶皱和较深的且直径较大的凹陷 ; 3 种脊椎动物血红细胞表面也发现了直径较小的凹陷, 但未发现皱褶的存在, 且表面凹陷程度逐渐减弱分析认为动物不断进化, 其活动能力和生境也在变化, 使得动物血红细胞发生相应的变化, 以获得最大的气体交换效率与细胞稳定性本研究以期对血红细胞形态差异及进化规律进行探讨关键词 : 水产动物 ; 血红细胞 ; 形态特征 ; 进化中图分类号 : Q28 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2011) ,,,, [1] (Cuora flavomarginata) ; [2] (Chrysolophus pictus); [3] (Plectorhinchus cinctus), ; [4] (Rana rugulosa); [5] (Argopecten irradians) ; [6] [7] (Tegillarca granosa) (Scapharca subcrenata) ; [8] (Musca domestica),, Hartman Lessler [9] , ; Bhattacharyya [10],,,,, 1 材料与方法 1.1 实验材料 (Carassius auratus) (Rana catesbeiana) (Pelodiscus sinensis), 1.2 主要实验试剂与仪器 Hemacolor (, ), 2.5%(pH : ; : : (Y ); (2010D10017) : (1987-),,,,, yiyibajiu1189@126.com;,, zhihua9988@126.com Marine Sciences / Vol. 35, No. 10 /

2 7.2), -3400N, Olympus BX 光镜及电镜样品制备 :, ; ;, ; ;,, : Hemacolor, Olympus BX-51 ; DT2000 ; (ANOVA) SPSS : 0.3mL, 2.5%(pH 7.2) ;, 2 结果 2.1 光镜观察结果,,,, ( 1(1),(2); 1);,,, ( 1, 1) 1 5 Fig. 1 Observation of erythrocytes of five aquatic animals by light microscope (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) ; : 20 μm ( 1000); A: ; B: ; C: (1) Tegillarca granosa; (2) Scapharca subcrenata; (3) Carassius auratus; (4) Rana catesbeiana; (5) Pelodiscus sinensis; Scale bar: 20μm ( 1000); A: Hyaline region; B: Basophil granular; C: Eosinophilic granular 表 1 5 种水产动物血红细胞在光镜观察下的外形特征 Tab. 1 Morphological characteristics of erythrocytes of five aquatic animals by light microscope,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ; ; ; ;, 5 ( 2) 2.2 扫描电镜观察 2, (F) (G), (E);,, 70 / 2011 / 35 / 10

3 ;,, 2 : 3 ;, ( 2, 3) 表 2 5 种水产动物血红细胞光镜下的细胞大小 Tab. 2 Measurements of erythrocytes of five aquatic animals by light microscope (μm) (μm) (μm) (μm) b c b c a a a a a b :, (P<0.05) 2 5 Fig. 2 Observation of erythrocytes of five aquatic animals by scanning electronic microscope 1.( ); 2.( ); 3. ( ); 4.( ); 5.( 9 000); 6.( ); 7.( 3 000); 8.( ); 9. ( 6 500); 10. ( ); D: ; E: ; F: ; G: ; H: 1.Tegillarca granosa ( ); 2. Tegillarca granosa ( ); 3. Scapharca subcrenata ( ); 4.Scapharca subcrenata ( ); 5.Carassius auratus ( 9 000); 6.Carassius auratus ( ); 7.Rana catesbeiana ( 3 000); 8.Rana catesbeiana ( ); 9.Pelodiscus sinensis ( 6 500); 10.Pelodiscus sinensis ( ); D: Nuclear region; E: Secretory vesicle; F: Fold; G: Depression; H: Eminance 表 3 5 种水产动物血红细胞扫描电镜观察 Tab. 3 Observation of erythrocytes of five aquatic animals by scanning electronic microscope,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, Marine Sciences / Vol. 35, No. 10 /

4 3 讨论 3.1 蚶科贝类血红细胞形态分析, [11-14], :,,,,, :,, ( 1(1), (2), 2(1), (2)), [6-7,15] ; 3, ( 1) ( ),, [5-6, 15-18] [19],,,,, [20],,,,,, 3.2 蚶科贝类与其他 3 种水产脊椎动物血红细胞比较分析,,,,,,,, ;,, ( 1) Hartman Lessler [9],,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, [9],,, [9],,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, [11-12],,,,,, Elgsaeter Mikkelsen [21], 72 / 2011 / 35 / 10

5 ,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, : [1],,,. [J]., 2001, 36(5): [2],,,. [J]., 2007, 42(2): [3],. [J]., 2005, 24(1): [4]. [J]., 2001, 24(6): [5],,. [J]., 2005, 51(3): [6],,,. [J]., 2003, 13(10): [7],,. [J]., 2007, 26(1): [8],. [J]., 1998, 17(2): [9] Hattman F A, Lessler M A. Erythrocyte measurements in fishes, amphibia, and reptiles[j]. Biological Bulletin, 1964, 126: [10] Bhattacharyya K, Guha T, Bhar R, et al. Atomic force microscopic studies on erythrocytes from an evolutionary perspective[j]. The Anatomical Record Par A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular and Evolutionary Biology, 2004, 279A(1): [11] Gambacurta A, Piro M C, Ascoli F. Cooperative homodimeric hemoglobin from Scapharca inaequivalvis cdna cloning and expression of the fully functional protein in E. coli[j]. Federation of European Biochemical Societies Letters, (1): [12] Chiancone E, Boffi A. Structural and thermodynamic aspects of cooperativity in the homodimeric hemoglobin from Scapharca inaequivalvis[j]. Biophysical Chemistry, 2000, 86(2-3): [13] Gabbianelli R, Moretti M, Carpene E, et al. Effect of different organotins on DNA of mollusk (Scapharca inaequivalvis) erythrocytes assessed by the comet assay[j]. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 367(1): [14] Gambacurta A, Basili P, Ascoli F. Scapharca inaequivalvis A and B miniglobin genes: promoter activity of the 5' flanking regions and in vivo transcription[j]. Gene, 2000, 255(1): [15] Kuchel R P, Raftos D A, Birch D, et al. Haemocyte morphology and function in the Akoya Pearl Oyster, Pinctada imbricata[j]. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2010, 105(1): [16],,. [J]., 2004, 28(6): [17] Lopez C, Carballal M J, Azevedo C, et al. Morphological characterization of the hemocytes of the clam, Ruditapes decussatus (Mollusca: Bivalvia)[J]. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 1997, 69(1): [18],. [J]., 2001, 11(4): 16-19, 5. [19],. Marine Sciences / Vol. 35, No. 10 /

6 [J]., 1997, 21(4): [20],. [J]., 2003, 25(2): [21] Elgsaeter A, Mikkelsen A. Shapes and shape changes in vitro in normal red blood cells[j]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1991, 1071(3): Comparison of erythrocytes of five aquatic animals and their evolution WANG Qing 1,2, BAO Yong-bo 2, LIN Zhi-hua 2, LIU Hao-ming 2 (1. College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai , China; 2. College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo , China) Received: Aug., 31, 2011 Key words: aquatic animals; erythrocyte; morphological characteristics; evolution Abstract: This paper focuses on the morphological characteristics and microstructure of erythrocytes of five aquatic animals, in order to study the morphological diversity and evolution of erythrocytes. The blood smears of five aquatic animals, bloody clam (Tegillarca granosa, Scapharca subcrenata), Carassius auratus, Rana catesbeiana and Pelodiscus sinensis, were stained by Hemacolor stain. The surface structure and morphological characteristics of erythrocytes were examined by light microscope (LM) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The erythrocytes of bloody clams (Tegillarca granosa & Scapharca subcrenata) had basophil granular or/and eosinophilic granular, but none was found in vertebrates erythrocytes. The size of erythrocytes increased from the two bloody clams to Bull frog (Rana catesbeiana); while the size decreased afterwards; the variation of aspect ratio and nucleocytoplasmic ratio of erythrocytes follow this trend in a similar way. The undulate fold and depression on the erythrocytes of the two bloody clams were observed apparently, and the depression was deep and wide. The surface depression was also obvious in the erythrocytes of vertebrates, although the depression faded away gradually, and no distinct surface fold was examined. These results indicated that the changes of animal erythrocytes resulted from the evolution of animals, activities and habitats, in order to obtain the biggest gas exchange efficiency and the stability of the cells. ( 本文编辑 : 刘珊珊 ) 74 / 2011 / 35 / 10

Microsoft Word 曹伏君_new_.doc

Microsoft Word 曹伏君_new_.doc 45 2 Vol.45, No.2 2014 3 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Mar., 2014 (Lethrinus erythropterus) * ( 524025) Wright (Lethrinus erythropterus),,,, ; ; ; Q954.56 doi: 10.11693/hyhz20140100011 (Lethrinus erythropterus)