68 from the line connected by the easternmost sites. So the site distribution is not identical to the paleo-coastline as determined by previous schola

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1 67-78 (2006) JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE (44) : (2006) 67 Problems on Archaeological Sites Distribution during Neolithic Age to Shang-Zhou Dynasties in North Jiangsu Province * ** *** **** Cheng Zhu Chaogui Zheng Weiwei Gu Mingfang Han Abstract Ninety-five percent of archaeological sites were located on altitudes above 2m (a.s.l.) from the Neolithic Age to Shang-Zhou Dynasties in North Jiangsu Province. From the Qingliangang Culture system to Shang Dynasty, most sites were located on altitudes 2-5m (a.s.l.) but most sites were located on altitudes 5-20m (a.s.l.) for the Zhou Dynasty. The distribution of sites infers that the study area perhaps underwent an environment of higher sea level or salt water intrusion in the Zhou Dynasty. During the Qingliangang Culture system, 9 sites were located to the east of the coastline at that time as determined by previous scholars. The coastlines of the Dawenkou Culture system and the Shang Dynasty determined by previous scholars are km away * ( zhuchengnj@yahoo.com.cn) Professor, Department of Urban and Resources Sciences, Nanjing University, Corresponding Author. ** Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Chuzhou Institute of Anhui Province. *** Graduated Student, Department of Urban and Resources Sciences, Nanjing University. **** Vice Director of Yancheng Museum, Jiangsu Province.

2 68 from the line connected by the easternmost sites. So the site distribution is not identical to the paleo-coastline as determined by previous scholars sedimentological method. There is a cultural low tide with 10 sites barely during the Dawenkou Culture system in Jiangsu Province, but at the same time, the number of sites increased from 47 of the Songze Culture system to 124 of the Liangzhu Culture system in the Yangtze Delta. So the change of numbers of sites for the two areas is completely different. The temporal-spatial distribution of Neolithic sites shows a long period of absence of human settlements during the early Holocene on the North Jiangsu Province and the Yangtze Delta, and the areas have not been colonized until 7kaBP. On the other hand, up to now, only few sites during the whole Neolithic Age to Shang-Zhou Dynasties were found in Central North Jiangsu Province. It is possibly related to the presence of Sheyang Lake and Dazong Lake during all these periods, or related to diluvium from the Yellow River and Huai River which makes it difficult to find the buried sites. The rapid rise in the number of sites during the Zhou Dynasty is a result of more immigrants from Central China to North Jiangsu Province after the eastward fighting by Emperors Zhou Gong and Zhou Chengwang. Keywords: North Jiangsu Province, Neolithic Age to Shang-Zhou Dynasties, temporal and spatial distribution of archaeological sites, problem discussion. 95% 2m 2-5m 5-20m km kaBP

3 (1985) km (1987) (1993) (1990; 1991; 1992; 1994) (1982; 1986) (1996; 2003) 14 C 14 C 5 ( 2000) ( kaBP) ( kaBP) ( kaBP) ( kaBP) ( kaBP) ( ) ( kaBP) ( 2000) ( kaBP) 26 ( 1) m m m m 2 0-2m 1 (1982; 1986) 7 9 ( ) ( ) ( kaBP) 2 ( kaBP) m m 2 20m 4 (4.5kaBP) 10-30km

4 km km 5. 3km km km 9. 50km km km km m km km 19. 1km km km km (7.0kaBP ) 2. (6.5kaBP) 3. (5.5kaBP) 4. (4.5kaBP) 5. (3.5kaBP) 6. (12 ) 7. (16 ) (1982; 1986) 圖 1 青蓮崗文化 ( kaBP) 考古遺址和各時期貝殼砂堤分佈圖

5 km km km km km km 7. 3 km (7.0kaBP ) 2. (6.5kaBP) 3. (5.5kaBP) 4. (4.5kaBP) 5. (3.5kaBP) 6. (12 ) 7. (16 ) (1982; 1986) 圖 2 大汶口文化 ( kaBP) 考古遺址和各時期貝殼砂堤分佈圖 ( ) ( kaBP) m m 5 20m m 3 2 ( 50m ) (3.5kaBP)

6 km km km 6. 2km 7. 17km km 9. 8km km km 13. 4km km km km 21. 2km 22. 9km (7.0kaBP ) 2. (6.5kaBP) 3. (5.5kaBP) 4. (4.5kaBP) 5. (3.5kaBP) 6. (12 ) 7. (16 ) (1982; 1986) 圖 3 龍山文化 ( kabp) 考古遺址和各時期貝殼砂堤分佈圖 ( ) ( kaBP) m ( 5 ) 5-20m 5 20m 7

7 km \ 擡 km 19. 9km 1. (7.0kaBP ) 2. (6.5kaBP) 3. (5.5kaBP) 4. (4.5kaBP) 5. (3.5kaBP) 6. (12 ) 7. (16 ) (1982; 1986) 圖 4 商文化 ( kaBP) 考古遺址和各時期貝殼砂堤分佈圖

8 74 ( ) ( kaBP) m m m 18 50m 7 ( ) 0-2m (3.5kaBP) (12 ) ( ) % 2m 2-5m 20-50m 5-20m 20-50m ( ) ( ) 10-30km kaBP 10 ( kaBP) ( kaBP) kaBP (Zhu et al., 2003) kaBP kaBP 10kaBP

9 km km 3. 1km 4. 15km km 6. 5km km km km ( ) 圖 5 周文化 ( kaBP) 考古遺址分佈和各時期貝殼砂堤圖

10 m km km 53. 8km km m km km 58. 2km km km km km km km (7.0kaBP ) 2. (6.5kaBP) 3. (5.5kaBP) 4. (4.5kaBP) 5. (3.5kaBP) 6. (12 ) 7. (16 ) (1982; 1986) 表 1 蘇北地區新石器時代至商周時期不同海拔處遺址分佈的變化 ( ) 0-2m 0-2m 2-5m 5-20m 20-50m m 0 ( kaBP) ( kaBP) ( kaBP) ( kaBP) ( kaBP) kaBP 67 ( 1960) ( 1956) ( 1964) ( 1958; 1962) ( 1962)

11 77 ( ) 95% 2m 2-5m 20-50m 5-20m 20-50m ( ) km ( ) ( ) 10 ( ) 7.0kaBP kaBP 10kaBP ( ) ( ) ( ) 985 (1964) 5: (1956) 2: 4-10 (2003) 23 (2): (1996) (3): (1962) 3: (1985) (1958) 10: 5-20

12 78 (1960) : (1962) 3: (1982) 2: (1986) ( ) (2000) (1992) (B ) 9: (1994) 16 (1): (1990) 4: (1991) 22: (1987) (1993) Zhu, C., Zheng, C., Ma, C., Yang, X., Gao, X., Wang, H. and Shao, J. (2003) On the Holocene sea-level highstand along the Yangtze Delta and Ningshao Plain, East China, Chinese Science Bulletin, 48 (24):

4 30 1 2 33 83 5 415 5 80 20 -- 1 1. 5 16 1 1 1 19.2 0 0.93 0.23 2. 1105 879 15 226 1 450 51.25% 4 145 305 3 4.961mm2.629mm 1.887 4.588mm2.842mm 1.615

2016.1/142 * 230026 430072 230061 -- -- - K854.2 A 1001-0327(2016)01-0095-09 1 2 3 2012 11 2013 1 200 95 4 30 1 2 33 83 5 415 5 80 20 -- 1 1. 5 16 1 1 1 19.2 0 0.93 0.23 2. 1105 879 15 226 1 450 51.25%