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1 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol131 No12 Mar ( SAMIL) 1, , , , (SAMIL), ( F GOAL S2s),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, F GOAL S2s,,, (2007) P435 A A Comparison of the Atmospheric Circulations Simulated by the FGOALS2s and SAMIL WAN G Zai2Zhi 1, 2, YU Ru2Cong 1, BAO Qing 1, ZHOU Tian2J un 1, L IU Yi2Min 1, WAN G Peng2Fei 1, and WU Guo2Xiong 1 1 S tate Key L aboratory of N umerical Modeling f or A tmos pheric Sciences and Geophysical Flui d D y namics, I nstitute of A tmos2 p heric Physics, Chinese A cadem y of S ciences, Bei j ing N ational Climate Center, China Meteorological A dminist ration, B ei j ing Abstract The spectral atmosphere model (SAMIL) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of , , 2004CB418300, ,, 1969,,, E2mail : iap. ac. cn

2 2 No1 2 : (SAMIL) WAN G Zai2Zhi et al. A Comparison of the Atmospheric Circulations Simulated by the F GOAL S2s Sciences (LASG/ IA P/ CAS), has been coupled successfully with other climate components such as ocean and sea ice models recently through the coupler, upon which the Flexible non2flux2correction Global Ocean2Atmosphere2Land2 Ice climate model system ( F GOAL S2s) has been built1 Since the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice distribu2 tion are predicted by the models, and the interactions between the atmosphere with the ocean and sea ice are intro2 duced in this coupled system, the simulated atmosphere circulation features may be different f rom those in the un2 coupled system1 To understand the performance of the coupled system, the simulated result s, especially for the at2 mosphere circulation differences between the coupled and uncoupled systems, are compared in this paper1 The re2 sult s reveal that the mean atmospheric circulation features as well as the seasonal variations are very similar, which imply that the simulated SST and sea ice distributions are in agreement with the climatic ones1 However there exist some biases in the SST and sea ice simulation, which influence the atmosphere circulations obviously1 For example the tropical SST is colder after coupling, and SST in the middle latitudes in the Southern Ocean, the North Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean are warmer, which cause the weaker SST extension to the high latitudes and weaker SST meridional gradient1 The sea ice coverage around the north pole is wider while that around the South Pole is narrower after coupling1 The biases of SST and sea ice influence the lower atmosphere temperature in the middle and high latitudes1 Due to the colder SST in the tropics, the tropical precipitation along with the condensa2 tion heat in F GOAL S2s is reduced significantly, which causes the colder atmosphere temperature in the middle and upper troposphere and reduces the meridional temperature gradient compared with SAMIL1 The change of meridio2 nal temperature gradient influences the strength of the mean meridional circulation and the westerly jet s directly1 Though there exist the aforementioned biases in SST and sea ice simulation, the circulation and precipitation are more reasonable than those before coupling in the Asian monsoon area, which indicates that the air2sea interactions may reduce the simulation errors and play important roles in the mean monsoon circulation simulation1 It is also found from the comparison that the biases of SST and sea ice are not only related to the weaker meridional heat flux transport in the ocean model and special processes in the sea ice model, but also related to the underestimated total cloud amount simulation in the atmosphere model1 The biases induced by the atmosphere model, especially related to the cloud and radiation processes, have great influence on the coupling performance1 These biases can be ampli2 fied through the interactions with the ocean and sea ice after coupling1 From this point, more attentions should be paid to the cloud and radiation processes in the atmosphere model, while every component is to be updated to im2 prove the whole capabilities of the coupling system in the f uture1 Key words climate system model, atmospheric circulation, coupling performance 1 ( IPCC) ( 2001 [10 ] ) 21,, :,,,,, ;, [10 ], [1, 2 ], 90 [3, 4 ], 90 ( GOAL S) [5, 6 ] GOAL S [11 ], ; [7 9 ],

3 204 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 31 Vol1 31, [12 ],, (L ASG) [6, 13 ], L ASG GOAL S R15L9,,,, ( SAMIL ) [14, 15 ], [13 ], L ASG, NCA R CCSM2, SAMIL, F GOAL S2s [16 ] F GOAL S2s LASG F GOAL S2g SAMIL [17, 18 ] SAMIL,,, 2 SAMIL F GOAL S2s, 3, 2 SAMIL L ASG,, R15L9 [19 ], [12 ] F GOAL S2s SAMIL, (SSiB) [20 ], ;,, [14, 15 ] SAMIL [14, 15, 17 ], [18 ],, (NCAR CL M), SSiB [21 ], [22 ], CL M,,,, Tiedtke [23 ] ; Slingo [24 ], ; Holt slag [25 ] F GOAL S2s L ASG ( F GOAL S),, F GOAL S L ASG NCA R CCSM2 [26 ], LASG [27 ], F GOAL S [13 ] ;,, L ASG/ IA P SAMIL, F GOAL S2s NCAR (cpl5), R42L26 ; LASG/ IA P L30 T63 [ 28 ] L ICOM [27 ], 1 1, 30, CCSM2 CLM,,. LASG/ IAP : F GOAL S2g ( )

4 2 No1 2 : (SAMIL) WAN G Zai2Zhi et al. A Comparison of the Atmospheric Circulations Simulated by the F GOAL S2s CSIM4 LASG/ IAP FGOALS2 s110 [16 ] 3,,, ;,, 50, ;, 200,, 200,, 15,, ( ) , SAMIL, F GOAL S 311,, ( ),, ;, 1 F GOAL S SAMIL,, 1, 1 K, 0134 K; 3 K,,, ;, ; 3 K,, ( ), 7 K,, [29 ], ( ), 44 %, 66 %,,, 1, 10 K, 10 K SAMIL,, F GOAL S,,, ( ) ;, [16 ], 1,, 5 K ;, 5 K,,,, 3 K,,, ;,, 312,, 2

5 206 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 31 Vol F GOAL S SAMIL ( : K) : (a) ; (b) : 2 K; - 3 K, 3 K Fig11 Seasonal mean surface temperature difference ( K) of F GOAL S minus SAMIL for winter (a) and summer ( b)1 The contour interval is 2 K; t he difference under - 3 K is hatched, and t hat above 3 K is dotted,, [30 ],,,,,,,,,,,, ( 3),, ( ITCZ) ( SPCZ), ( 3a c), 10 mm/ d,, SPCZ ( 3b d),,,

6 2 No1 2 : (SAMIL) WAN G Zai2Zhi et al. A Comparison of the Atmospheric Circulations Simulated by the F GOAL S2s ( : mm/ d) : (a) ; (b) Fig12 Latit udinal distribution of zonal mean precipitation (mm/ d) for winter (a) and summer (b) ITCZ [31 ], ITCZ,, ITCZ,,,,,,,,, ;,, ( ) SSiB [ 14, 15 ], ( 3d), ( 3c),,, Fu [32 ],,,,,, 313 4,, 2 K ; 3 K ;, 15 K,, ( 1),, 500 hpa, 500 hpa 4 K, ( 2),, 6 K, ( 2b), [33 ] [34 ],, 4,,

7 208 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 31 Vol1 31 5,,, ( 5a),, ( 5b),, ( ),,,, 200 hpa ( ),,, ;,,, ; 200 hpa 3 ( : mm/ d) : (a) F GOAL S ; (b) F GOAL S SAMIL ; (c) F GOAL S ; (d) F GOAL S SAMIL : 2 mm/ d ; - 4 mm/ d, 4 mm/ d Fig13 Seasonal mean precipitation (mm/ d) of F GOAL S (a) and t he difference of F GOAL S minus SAMIL ( b) for winter, and t hat of FGOALS (c) and the difference of FGOAL S minus SAMIL (d) for summer1 The contour interval is 2 mm/ d, the difference under - 4 mm/ d is hatched, and t hat above 4 mm/ d is dotted

8 2 No1 2 : (SAMIL) WAN G Zai2Zhi et al. A Comparison of the Atmospheric Circulations Simulated by the F GOAL S2s ( ) Fig13 (Continued) ( ),, ( 4),, ( 6a b), 15 m/ s, ( 6a),,, ( 3b) ; ( 6b), Walker, ( 3d) 850 hpa ( ), 850 hpa,,,,,, hpa, ( 6c),, 60 N,,, 200 hpa

9 210 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 31 Vol F GOAL S SAMIL ( : K) : (a) ; (b) : 1 K; - 2 K, 2 K Fig1 4 Latitude2height cross section of zonal mean temperature difference ( K) of F GOAL S minus SAMIL for winter (a) and summer (b). The contour interval is 1 K, t he difference under - 2 K is hatched, and t hat above 2 K is dotted 5 F GOAL S SAMIL ( : 10 9 kg/ s, ) : (a), kg/ s ; (b), kg/ s Fig15 Latitude2height cross section of seasonal mean meridional stream function difference of F GOAL S minus SAMIL for winter (a, t he contour interval is kg/ s) and summer (b, t he contour interval is kg/ s)1 The negative area is hatched, 6d,, ;, ( 3d), Gill,,,,,, [9 ],, SAMIL

10 2 No1 2 : (SAMIL) WAN G Zai2Zhi et al. A Comparison of the Atmospheric Circulations Simulated by the F GOAL S2s F GOAL S SAMIL : 200 hpa (a) (b), 5 m/ s, - 10 m/ s, 5 m/ s ; 850 hpa (c) (d), 2 m/ s, - 6 m/ s, 4 m/ s Fig1 6 Seasonal mean zonal wind difference of F GOAL S minus SAMIL : at 200 hpa for winter (a) and summer (b), t he contour interval is 5 m/ s, t he difference under - 10 m/ s is hatched, and t hat above 5 m/ s is dotted ; at 850 hpa for winter (c) and summer (d), t he contour interval is 2 m/ s, t he difference under - 6 m/ s is hatched, and t hat above 4 m/ s is dotted 7 FGOALS SAMIL ( : hpa) 2 hpa, - 4 hpa, 4 hpa Fig1 7 The summer mean sea level pressure difference (hpa) of F GOAL S minus SAMIL1 The contour interval is 2 hpa, t he difference un2 der - 4 hpa is hatched, and t hat above 4 hpa is dotted, 7,, Gill,

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Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol131 No16 Nov , , , SAMIL, R42L26,,,,, 700 hpa, Tiedtke,, 2,,,,

Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol131 No16 Nov , , , SAMIL, R42L26,,,,, 700 hpa, Tiedtke,, 2,,,, 31 6 2007 11 Vol131 No16 Nov. 2007 1 1, 2 3 1 1, 100029 2, 100049 SAMIL, R42L26,,,,, 700 hpa, Tiedtke,, 2,,,, 100629895 (2007) 0621201211 P426 A The Impacts of the Cumulus Convective Parameterization on