48 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol hpa, Flohn [2 ] 7 8 d W = F + (thermal anticyclonic cell), d a Q, (1) t ( ), F, Q, a,, W = P

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1 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol1 29, No1 1 Jan , , , (2005) P641 A How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian Climate in Summer WU Guo2Xiong 1,LIU Yi2Min 1,LIU Xin 2,DUAN An2Min 1, and LIANG Xiao2Yun 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics ( LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Abstract Recent studies concerning the influences of the elevated heating over the Tibetan Plateau on the Asian climate pattern are summarized. These include the thermal adaptation of the atmosphere to diabatic heating, the combined effects of the local heating and continental scale heating, the impacts of surface friction and the energy source of waves based on theoretic analysis, data diagnose, and numerical simulation. The different impacts on circulation between the Tibetan Plateau, Rocky Mountain and Andes Mountain are also addressed. Key words thermal adaptation, continental2scale quadruplet heating, elevated plateau heating, energy source of stationary waves 1 20 [1 ] 19 (4) ;,, m (5), [2 ] ,,, : [3 ], [4, ] ZKCX22SW , , , ,, 1943, E2mail :

2 48 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol hpa, Flohn [2 ] 7 8 d W = F + (thermal anticyclonic cell), d a Q, (1) t ( ), F, Q, a,, W = P = a (2) [5 ] (1) 1979, GARP ( FGGE), (QXPMEX21979) [6 ] [15 ] :, (i) [3 ] [15, 16, PV2 ] ; (ii) [17, 18 ] ( Q 1, Q 2 ), Yanai,, [7 10 ], ; (iii), Sverdrup : v g ( f + ) - 1 z Q z. (3) ; (i),, ( ) [11, 12 ],??, [19, 20 ] 1a b (ii) (iii) (IAPΠLASG), (GOALS) [21 ] [22 ] 5 42 ( ), 9 ( R42L9) 6 [22 ] ( ), 7 2, (176 W, ) 100 W m - 2,, 3,, ( 1a) 8 d - 1, [13 ] = 018 ; Ertel 500 hpa ( [14 ] ),, 1 K, F Q 7 15, 7 [15 (ii) ], (11 S 11 N, 165 E 157 W)

3 1 No1 1 : Wu Guo2xiong, et al. How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian Climate in Summer 49 1 LASGΠIAP GOALS : (a) (11 S 11 N, 165 E 157 W) 100 W, 3 (, : K d - 1 ) ( ) ( : K) ; (b) (7 N 33 N, 6715 E E) (, : K d - 1 ), 30 N ( : 10 6 m 2 s - 1 ) Fig. 1 Results from idealized numerical experiments using the LASGΠIAP GOALS model : (a) The vertical profile of heating rate (the right panel, in K d - 1 ), zonal deviated flow field (vector, in m s - 1 ) and potential temperature ( K) at day 3 forced by a prescribed surface sensible heating over the area (11 S 11 N, 165 E 157 W) ; (b) the stationary streamfunction deviation from its zonal mean (10 6 m 2 s - 1 ) at 30 N forced by a prescribed deep condensation heating over the area (7 N 33 N, 6715 E E) (the shaded area, in K d - 1 ) ;, = 276 K = 283 [15 ] K,, [17, 18 ] [ (1) 1 ] (iii) NCEPΠNCAR [23, 24 ], (7 N 33 N, 6715 E E ) ; (22 N : 90 E) = 01336, 8 K d - 1 (LO), ; (SE) ; 1b 30 N (CO) ; ( 1b),,, (D) m - 2 ;, 3 [25 ]

4 50 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol1 29 LOSECOD (ii), [11, 12 5 ] [ 2a, b ( I) ; 3a, b ( II) ], (i), Rossby 4 1 [ 2c, d ( I) ; 3c, d ( (i) (ii), II) ], (ii) ( 5a) [27 ],, ( ) ( < - 7 K d - 1 ) ( v), 5b, 50 E, 70 E 90 E ; ( ),, N, ( ) [26 ] ( ) ( 4 w 10 3 ) V > 0,,, ( ) K, ( 5c e) [17, 18, 26 ],, K (, : K) (, : m s - 1, 1000 ) 30 N Fig July2mean cross2sections of potential temperature (contour, interval is 10 K) and wind (vector) along 30 N. The vertical motion has been multiplied by 1000

5 1 No1 1 : Wu Guo2xiong, et al. How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian Climate in Summer 51, [27, ] ( 5d f), [25, ] (a, c e, : m s - 1 ) (b, d f, : 10 2 Pa s - 1 ) ; (a) (b) N ; (c) (d) N ; (e) (f) S Fig mean cross2sections of v in m s - 1 and in 10 2 Pa s - 1 along 3215 N in East Asia in July (a and b), along 4010 N in North America in July (c and d), and along 3010 S in South America in January. The shaded area denotes orography

52 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol1 29, 5 GOALS,, AMIP II, 6 6 7 ( : m s - 1 ) ( : mm d - 1 ) : (a) ; (b) ; (c) (b) - (a), 1 7 > 120, 1500 m Fig.

6 52 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol1 29, 5 GOALS,, AMIP II, ( : m s - 1 ) ( : mm d - 1 ) : (a) ; (b) ; (c) (b) - (a), 1 7 > 120, 1500 m Fig. 6 The July2mean surface wind vector (m s - 1 ) and precipitation (the shaded area, in mm d - 1 ) in the idealized simulations for (a) without mountain experiment, (b) with mountain experiment, and (c) the difference between (b) and (a). The thick dashed line is the continent boundary, the area encircled by thick curves in (a) and (b) denote where the difference of wind direction between January and July is larger than 120, and the ellipse is the 1500 m contour line of the Tibetan Plateau

7 1 No1 1 : Wu Guo2xiong, et al. How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian Climate in Summer 53, (3215 N, 8715 E), 5000 m, AGCM, 7 10, 8 NCEPΠNCAR a 7 30 N ( ) ( ),, ( 7a) 7 1,, K,, = 018, ( 7b), ( 7c) ( 7d) ;, 6b,, 6, E = v y + p = - U y uv + f ( 6c) v R p + d - p Q p, (4),, 50 N, S A = - U y uv,, S, B = f U RfU p pv p = - p vt, (5),, R S C = -, p Q p = R2 p QT,, 500 hpa, E = S A + S B + S C + d. (6) 8d, e c 7 30 N S A, S B, S C 7, 6b 6a S A ( 8e) 400 hpa ; 30 N

8 54 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol N 1 K d - 1, (a) ; (b) ; (c) ; (d) Fig. 7 Vertical distributions of different heating in K d - 1 along 3010 N for (a) sensible heating, (b) condensation heating, (c) longwave radiative cooling, and (d) total heating. The vertical coordinate is ( S B < 0, 8d) 7 [3 ( S C > 0, 8c) ], 8c,,, S C 85 E, 105 E, 120 E, ( 8b) ( 8a)

9 1 No1 1 : Wu Guo2xiong, et al. How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian Climate in Summer N : (a) ( : mm d - 1 ) ; (b) ( : K) ( : Pa s - 1 ) ; (c) S C ; (d) S B ; (e) S A 10 4 m 2 s - 3 Fig July2mean pressure2longitude cross sections along 30 N of (a) precipitation (mm d - 1 ), (b) potential temperature ( K) and vertical velocity ( Pa s - 1 ), and the sources of stationary wave energy (c) S C, (d) S B, and (e) S A in units of 10 4 m 2 s - 3, 50,,,,, [ 1 ],,,.., 2004, 62 (5) : Wu Guoxiong, Mao Jiangyu, Duan Anmin, et al. Recent progress in

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984 (Chinese J Geophys ) 49 tropical regions leading to the formation of the Asian summer monsoon over India the BOB and the SCS The extension of the

984 (Chinese J Geophys ) 49 tropical regions leading to the formation of the Asian summer monsoon over India the BOB and the SCS The extension of the 49 4 2006 7 CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS Vol 49 No 4 Jul 2006 2006 49 (4) :983 992 Liang X Y Liu Y M Wu G X Roles of tropical and subtropical land- sea distribution and the Qinghai- Xizang Plateau in