: ( ),,,,, (1962),, 10 5, 5, (1977), :,,,, (1987),,,, ; (1996),,, (2004),,, Yeh (1959),, ;,,,, ; 20 90, Tian Yasunari (1998) ( T Y) ( Spring Per

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download ": ( ),,,,, (1962),, 10 5, 5, (1977), :,,,, (1987),,,, ; (1996),,, (2004),,, Yeh (1959),, ;,,,, ; 20 90, Tian Yasunari (1998) ( T Y) ( Spring Per"

戈犬林明
5 years ago
Views:

1 / 2008/ 66(3) Acta Meteorologica Sinica Ξ 1 2 WAN Rijin 1 WU Guoxiong 2 1,, ,LASG,, S hanghai Typhoon Institute of the China Meteorological A dminist ration, S hanghai , China 2. L aboratory of A t mospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Beijing , China , Wan Rijin, Wu Guoxiong Temporal and spatial distribution of the spring persistent rains over southeastern China. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 66 (3) : Abstract The spring persistent rains (SPR) over southeastern China (SEC) is a unique synoptic and climatic phenomenon in East A2 sia. Sufficient evidences proved that it results from the mechanical and thermal effects of the giant Tibet Plateau ( TP). But it isn t clear about its temporal span and spatial distribution at present. The climatological mean analysis of NCEP/ NCAR circulation and sen2 sible data shows : at 1st pentad of March (13th pentad of solar year), there are remarkable increases of the variables of the sensible heating over the main and southeastern part of TP, the southwesterly velocity at southeast flank of TP and over SEC, and the rainfall over SEC, indicating the onset of SPR. In contrary, at 3rd pentad of May (27th pentad in solar year), these variables except the sensible heating over the main part of TP decrease rapidly. The ridge of the South China Sea ( SCS) sub2high at mid2low troposphere slopes up2northward instead of southward before. The rain belt center over SEC shifts to SCS and the SCS monsoon breaks out, indi2 cating the end of SPR. Hence, it is suitable to consider SPR temporal span as 13th - 27th pentads of solar year. Data analysis and nu2 merable sensitivity experiments shows, though the warm air and cold air converge at about 30 N in SPR period, the distribution and intensity of SPR rain belt are obviously influenced by the topography of the Nanling Mountains and the Wuyi Mountains. The moun2 tains can block and lift cold and warm airs, strengthening frontogenesis and rainfall. As a result, they make the axes of SPR rain belt superpose the axes of themselves. From this point of view, the spatial distribution of SPR is over southeastern China, that is, to the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (30 N), and to the east of 110 E. Key words Spring persistent rains, Temporal and spatial distribution, South China Sea monsoon, Mountain chain topography, Nu2 merical model sensitivity experiments,,, NCEP/ NCAR : 3 1 ( 13 ),, ; 5 3 ( 27 ),,,,,, 13 27, 30 N, :,,,, (30 N) 110 E,,,, P P435 Ξ : 973 (2006CB403600) ; ( ) :, E2mail : typhoon. gov. cn

2 : ( ),,,,, (1962),, 10 5, 5, (1977), :,,,, (1987),,,, ; (1996),,, (2004),,, Yeh (1959),, ;,,,, ; 20 90, Tian Yasunari (1998) ( T Y) ( Spring Persistent Rains,, SPR), SPR, SPR, (2006),, SPR,SPR, T Y, SPR 12 26, N ; 10 a, SPR,, SPR,, SPR 2 : (NM IC) ,, GRADS , ; CMAP ( CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation) ( Xie P P Arkin P A,1997) ( 73 ), 26 a, N ECP/ NCAR ( ), 17,, SPR NCEP/ NCAR ( ),, ( 2003), NCEP/ NCAR,,,,

Acta 312 Meteorologica Sinica 2008,66 (3) 3, 1 12 26 ( T Y ) (1951 2000 ) 1, 12 26,,, 6 7 mm/ d, T Y SPR,,,, T Y 25 30 N 1,SPR,,, 2 110 120 E ( :mm/ d)

1 Pentadly rain mean of 12th - 26th over 1951-2000 (unit : mm/ d ;shaded are where topography exceeds 600 m) 2 1 73 2,SPR 28 N,1,,2,3 4 mm/ d,3 5 ;,

3 Acta 312 Meteorologica Sinica 2008,66 (3) 3, ( T Y ) ( ) 1, 12 26,,, 6 7 mm/ d, T Y SPR,,,, T Y N 1,SPR,,, E ( :mm/ d) Fig. 2 Pentadly latitude2time cross section of precipitation averaged over E (unit : mm/ d) ( :mm/ d ; 600 m) Fig. 1 Pentadly rain mean of 12th - 26th over (unit : mm/ d ;shaded are where topography exceeds 600 m) ,SPR 28 N,1,,2,3 4 mm/ d,3 5 ;, 5,, ;6 7, ;7,, 9,,10 12,,, 28 N, 4. 1, SPR 28 N, 2, 2, 4 mm/ d 25 N,,3 1 ( 13 ) 28 N, 28 N, 28 N, SPR 27,,, 28 4, 24 N,, NM IC,, 23 N, SPR CMAP ( 3), 27 ( 3a), 28 ( 3b),,,

: 313 3 CMAP (1979 2004 ) (a. 27,b. 28 ; :mm/ d) Fig. 3 CMAP climatological (1979-2004) pentad mean precipitation (a. 27th pentad,b. 28th pentad ; Unit :mm/ d), 13 27 4.

4 : CMAP ( ) (a. 27,b. 28 ; :mm/ d) Fig. 3 CMAP climatological ( ) pentad mean precipitation (a. 27th pentad,b. 28th pentad ; Unit :mm/ d), hpa ( E), SPR,3 1 ( 13 ) 3 m/ s, 28 N 4 mm/ d ( 2) ; 4 m/ s, 5 3 ( 27 ) ; 5 4 ( 28 ),, ; 35 N, 20 N,, 2 SPR,, SPR, SPR N,,SPR 3 m/ s N, ,, hpa ( E) ( 3 m/ s, ) Fig. 4 Latitude2time cross section of pentadly mean wind at 850 hpa averaged over E ( The shaded exceeds 3 m/ s and the dashed rectangle spans 13th - 27th pentad) SPR ( E) ( v, - ) 5a 5c, SPR, Hadley N, 2 4 (

Acta 314 Meteorologica Sinica 2008,66 (3) 10 ) ( ),850 hpa, 3 1 ( 13, 5b),, 14 ( 5c),, ( ),, 850 hpa, SPR,,,SPR,,,, ( ), (, 2002) 5 SPR (a b c) (d e f) (110 120 E) ( v, - 80 ) (, ) Fig.

5 Acta 314 Meteorologica Sinica 2008,66 (3) 10 ) ( ),850 hpa, 3 1 ( 13, 5b),, 14 ( 5c),, ( ),, 850 hpa, SPR,,,SPR,,,, ( ), (, 2002) 5 SPR (a b c) (d e f) ( E) ( v, - 80 ) (, ) Fig. 5 Pentadly evolution of height2latitude cross section of compositive vector ( v, - 80 ) averaged over E around the onset (a. 12th,b. 13th,c. 14th panted) and end (d. 26th, e. 27th, f. 28th panted) of SPR and zonal wind speed contour ( The grey shaded means westerly, The black shaded are latitudinal mean topographoy)

6 : 315 SPR,,,, ( 5d 5f) N, 26 27, 28 ;, 26, 27, 28,, 200 hpa,, ;, 26, 27,, 28,,,, (,2006) E, ( ),, 27 SPR,, 4. 4 SPR (, 2006), SPR 6 SPR ( A : N, E) R SPR B (20 25 N, E) 850 hpa V sw C ( N, E) S SE D ( N, E) S MN ( 6a) ( 6b),A R SPR 1 5, mm/ d, 5 4, ;B V sw C S SE 3 5,,4 3 1, V sw 5 m/ s,sse 43 W/ m 2 ; 5 4, V sw 5 m/ s, S SE 43 W/ m 2, 4 2,, 6 (a) :SPR (A :24 30 N, E) R SPR 850 hpa (B :20 25 N, E) V sw (C : N, E) (D : N, E) S SE S MNN (b) Fig. 6 Variables associated areas and the pentadly evolution of those variables (SPR rain R SPR over A :24-30 N, E, southwesterly velocity V sw at 850 hpa over B :20-25 N, E, surface sensible heat flux at southeastern part of TP S SE over C : N, E and at main part of TP S MNN over D : N, E)

7 Acta 316 Meteorologica Sinica 2008,66 (3), SPR, (D ) S MN W/ m W/ m 2,,,,, SPR 3 1 ( 13 ), SPR SPR, 4 mm/ d 28 N, SPR ; 5 3 ( 27 ),,,,, SPR,3 1 (3 5 ), 3 1 ( 13 ) 5 3 ( 27 ) SPR 5,,,SPR, SPR SPR (13 27 ) ( 7), 30 N, SPR?,,,,, (,2000),, 300 hpa,,,,,,, SPR (1977),,, SPR,?? (1996),, SPR? 5. 1, 600 m, m,, L, ( 8),SPR L,,,,, ; 7 SPR (13 27 ) ( E) ( : K) ( v, - 80 ) ( ) Fig. 7 Climatological mean height2latitude cross section of the equivalent potential temperature (unit : K) and compositive vector ( v, - 80 ) averaged over E?, SPR? SPR

: 317 5. 2 5. 2. 1 ( IAP) (LASG) SAM IL2R42L9, 42, 2. 8125 1. 66,, 9 ( R42L9),, (,1997), K2 ( Shi G Y,1981) Slingo (1987), (,1998) ( SSiB) ( Xue Sellers, 1991 ; Liu Wu, 1997) Wu (2003) Wang (2004) 5.

8 : ( IAP) (LASG) SAM IL2R42L9, 42, ,, 9 ( R42L9),, (,1997), K2 ( Shi G Y,1981) Slingo (1987), (,1998) ( SSiB) ( Xue Sellers, 1991 ; Liu Wu, 1997) Wu (2003) Wang (2004) CTL ( NNL HNL ), SPR, CTL NNL HNL 15 a,, SPR 80 %, CTL ( 8a) ( 8b), 8 SPR (3 4 ) ( :mm/ d) (a.,b.,c.,d. -,e. 300 m,f. - ;, :m) Fig. 8 Mean precipitation (unit : mm/ d) in CTL case (a), gauge observation (b), NNL case (c), NNL - CTL (d), HNL case (e) and HNL - CTL (f) ( The shaded contours depict model or real topography (unit : m) )

9 Acta 318 Meteorologica Sinica 2008,66 (3) SPR NNL ( 8c 8d),, SPR 1 3 mm/ d ( 8d),,,, 30 N ( 8c), ( 4) ;, SPR, 300 m ( 8e 8f), 1 2 mm/ d, ( 8f),, ( 8e), ( 8b),, SPR,,,,, SPR,,,, ( 1) SPR (,2003 ;,2004),,,,, 23 N 6 mm/ d, (30 N) 110 E 6 SPR,,, 3 1 ( 13 ),,,, SPR,, SPR 13 ; 5 3 ( 27 ),,SPR,,,, SPR SPR SPR, 6 mm/ d (30 N) 110 E, ,, , ,,,,,,,,, References Bao Chenglan Synoptic Science in China (in Chinese). Beijing : China Ocean Press, Chen Shaodong, Wang Qianqian, Qian Yongfu A pilot study on the basic climatic features of flood season rainfall over Southern Chi2 na and the relationship between them and abnormal sea surface tem2 perature. J Tropical Meteor (in Chinese), 19 (3) : Duan Anmin The influence of the thermal and mechanical forcing of the Tibet Plateau on the climate patterns in the East Asia [D] (in Chinese). Beijing : Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sci2 ences, Gao Youxi, Xu Shuying, Guo Qiyun, et al The Monsoon Region and Regional Climate in China Questions about the East Asia Monsoon (in Chinese). Beijing : Science Press, Li Maichun, Pan J ufang, Tian Shengchun, et al The Forecast Method of Spring Persistent Low2temperature and Rains (in Chi2

10 : 319 nese). Beijing : Science Press, 324 Liu H, Wu G X Impacts of land surface on climate of J uly and onset of summer monsoon : A study with an AGCM plus SSiB. Adv Atmos Sci, 14 (3) : Liu Yanju, Ding Yihui Analysis of the basic features of the onset of Asia summer monsoon. Acta Meteor Sinica ( in Chinese), 65 (4) : Mao Jiangyu, Wu Guoxiong, Liu Yimin Study on modal varia2 tion of subtropical high and its mechanism during seasonal transition Part : Climatological features of subtropical high structure. Acta Meteor Sinica (in Chinese), 60 (4) : Shao Hui, Qian Yongfu, Wang Qianqian The effects of the di2 urnal variation of solar radiation on climate modeling of R15L9. Plateau Meteor (in Chinese), 17 : Shi G Y An accurate calculation and representation of the in2 frared transmission function of the atmospheric constitutes [ D ]. Tohoku University of Japan, Slingo J M The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc, 113 : Tian S2F, Yasunari T Climatological aspects and mechanism of Spring Persistent Rains over central China. J Meteor Soc Japan, 76 (1) : Wang Qianqian, Chen Shaodong The SVD analyses of the rela2 tionship between the flood season rainfall over southern China and tropical sea temperature. Drought Meteor (in Chinese), 22 (3) : Wan Rijin, Wu Guoxiong Mechanism of the Spring Persistent Rains over southeastern China. Sci in China Ser. D, 36 (10 ) : Wang Z Z, Wu G X, Wu T W, et al Simulation of Asian mon2 soon seasonal variations with climate model R42L9/ LASG. Adv At2 mos Sci, 21 (6) : Wu Baojun, Peng Zhiban The progress of the study on the spring persistent rain over southern China. Sci Tech Bull (in Chinese), 12 (2) : Wu Guoxiong,Liu Yimin Thermal adaptation, overshooting, dis2 persion, and subtropical anticyclone Part I : Thermal adaptation and overshooting. Chinese J Atmos Sci (in Chinese), 24 (4) : Wu Guoxiong, Zhang Xuehong, Liu Hui. 1997, The study on global sea2air2land model ( GOALS/ LASG) and its simulations. J Appl Meteor (in Chinese), 8 (sup) : Wu T W, Liu P, Wang Z Z, et al The performance of atmo2 spheric component model R42L9 of GOALS/ LASG. Adv Atmos Sci, 20 (5) : Xie P P, Arkin P A Global precipitation : A 172year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates and numeri2 cal model Outputs. BAMS,78 : Xue Y K, Sellers P J, Kinter J J, et al A simplified biosphere model for global climate studies. J Clim, 4 : Yeh T2C, Dao S2Y, Li M2T The abrupt change of circulation over the Northern Hemisphere during J une and October Bolin B. The Atmosphere and the Sea in Motion, Rossby Memorial. New York : The Rockefeller Institute Press, Zhou Tianjun, Qian Yongfu The experiment study on the effect of topography affecting the results of numerical forecast. Chinese J Atmos Sci (in Chinese), 20 (4) : :, ,, ,19 (3) : [D].,32232,, :,49263,, I :.,60 (4) : ,, :,92pp, ,65 (4) : ,, R15L9.,17 : , D,36 (10) : , SVD.,22 (3) :11216, , 12 (2) :65270, I.., 24 (4) : ,, LASG 2 2 ( GOALS/ LASG)., 8 ( ) :152 28, , 20 (4) :

48 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol hpa, Flohn [2 ] 7 8 d W = F + (thermal anticyclonic cell), d a Q, (1) t ( ), F, Q, a,, W = P

48 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol hpa, Flohn [2 ] 7 8 d W = F + (thermal anticyclonic cell), d a Q, (1) t ( ), F, Q, a,, W = P 29 1 2005 1 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol1 29, No1 1 Jan1 2005 1 1 2 1 1 1, 100029 2, 100085, 100629895 (2005) 0120047210 P641 A How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian