Π :(1915 ) 8 3, (), 1915,1913,,8,1913 8,, ; ( ) (),,,, 2 1,,, 55,, 3,2000,,2000,,3000,,,, ,1999,, :1915 8,() (),,, (1981,482 )

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Π :(1915 ) 8 3, (), 1915,1913,,8,1913 8,, ; (1913 10 30 ) (),,,, 2 1,,, 55,, 3,2000,,2000,,3000,,,, 55 1981,1999,,433 434 :1915 8,() (),,, (1981,482 )"

陂陂劳
7 years ago
Views:

1 ,,,,,, 2,, :,,,,,,,,,?,,,, :,2001,548,

2 Π :(1915 ) 8 3, (), 1915,1913,,8,1913 8,, ; ( ) (),,,, 2 1,,, 55,, 3,2000,,2000,,3000,,,, ,1999,, :1915 8,() (),,, (1981,482 ) :1915 8,, :,,,, ( ,432 ) :8,( ),,,,, (1995,742 ) :, ,2 :, ,2 :,

(),,, (1981,482 ) :1915 8,, :,,,, ( 1994 4 4 2004 4 28,432 ) :8,(

4 Π,,,,, :,,?,,,?, :!,??,!,,,, :( ),,,, (, 1903 ) (, 1903 ) (, 1914 ) ( ) (),, 1905,,, ,,,, 6,,,, ,,, 15 ( ) :, 57,: ( ),:,, :,, :, http :ΠΠjczs. news. sina. com. cn :57 :, :,:,1986,101 :, 1 1, :, 1 1,

57,: ( ),:,,37 42 43 :,,102 103 :, http :ΠΠjczs. news. sina. com.

5 2006 3,,,,;,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1911,1912, 10,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,;, :218,,7 (), :, 1979,523, :,,,,,, (, ,8 ) 58

6 Π,,, (), :,,,,,,,,, :,?,,,?,?,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 4 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 59, (:, 1 3, ) :, ,2 :, ,2 :, ,8,, :, :, 1 1,

(:, 1 3,1913 1 1 ) :,1913 3 18,2 :,1913 3

7 2006 3, :,,,,,,,, 4000, 5, 38000, , 10, ;,38790,,6,, 23, ,,,,,, 682,60,1913 6,,,,,,, : :, 1 1, , :,582 : 2,, 1976,188 4,1990, (1993,83 ) 3000,, 3000,? :,: 82,1982,138 60

6,,,,,,, : :, 1 1,1913 4 1, :,582 : 2,, 1976,188

8 Π :, ( ),,:,,,,,,,, 5,,,:,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 2,,,,,,,2 12,, :, 61 :,1998,80 :, :,2001, 117, 8, :,1913 8,1 :,13 16 :,17 23

9 2006 3,, : () : (1), ; (2) () ; (3) ; (4) (): : (1), ; (2) ; (3) ; (4), ; (5),,,, ;, ;,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) ; (6) ; (7) ; (8) ; (9), ( ) ; (10), ; (11) ; (12),,,,;,,,,, :,24 37 :,43 49 :,

10 Π,,,,,,,,,1899,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, :, : (),, (),, (, ), ,,,,,,, 63 :, :, :,1983,160 :,1,1999, :,1 1,

11 ,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , 20, 30,,,4,,,,, 8 19, 24,,: (1) ; (2),; (3) ; (4) ; (5), ; (6),,, 10 16,,,,,:,,,,, :,,,,,,:, 3, , ,2,1936, :, ,2 6 64

12 Π,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 43 83,,,,,,, :,,,,, :,,,,1848,,,, :,,,,,? :, :,,,,,, :,,, ( ), : 65 :, ,2 6, ,1 2 :, ,2 :, ,2 :, ,2, ,1 2, ,1 2 :, 1 21,

:, :,,,,,, :,,, ( ), : 65 :,1913 10 30,2 6,1913 10

13 2006 3,:,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, ,,,,,,, 10 18,, :,,,,,,, ,,,10 25,,,,,,,,,,11 4,,,, ,1 2 :, ,2 7 :, ,2 7,1941, , ,2, ,2 :( ) 2,1990,97 98 ( ) 2, :, : 3,1985,52 66

10 31,2 7 :,1913 10 31,2 7,1941,177 178,1913 10 31,2,1913 10

14 Π,,, :,,, :,,,,,,, ( ),, ,:,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1913,,, 67, ,2, ,2, 13, ,, , ,2 6

15 2006 3,,,,,,,,,,,,?,, : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) ; (6),,,,, ,,, ,,, 50 70,, :,,,,,,,, gλυ,,:,,,,,?, 6, , 1987,486, ,1 3 ;, ,1 3, 2 4, :, 2 4, :,, (4,,,39 ) 736, S.,: , 1982,43, ,1 2 gλυ : 2,2002,399 68

16 Π,,,,,,,,, ,:,,, :9 23 (),,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, (),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,, 69, ,1 2 :, 1980,327 : ( ) (),,,297 :, :,158 :, :,160

17 ( ) : ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,, : (),(),,,,(),,(),,, (),, () () () (,) (),(),, ,,,,, : :,, 23,,,,,,,59 75 :,,1966,134,1997,87 : ,141 :,88 70

18 Π,,, :!!,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, ,, , ( ),:,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, :,,,,,,,,,, 1,1996,406 : 2,2001, :,574 :,578, : 7,1996,

6 19, ( ),:,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1917 7,, 1917 6

19 2006 3,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, (),,,,,,,,,, :, () (),,,,,, :,, :!,,!,,?,,,,4, 39 :,1,688, ,2 72

20 Π,,,,:,,,?,,,,( ), ( ),,,( ),, :,,,;,, ;,,,, :,, :,,,,,,,,, ( Ernest P. Young),,,,,,, 1913,,,,,,,,,,? 73 :,266 : ( ), :, 1981,918 :, 360, :,1,688 :,:4,,, 1980,189 :, 1 2,1913

21 2006 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 4 13 :,,,,,,:( ),,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 14, , 10 1, :,, :,2002,402, ,3, 13, :,1999,1 2 :, 82,138 :,,630 74

22 Π,,,,,,,,, ,, :,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ( : ) 75 :, 1994 :, :35, 1965, 6 7

23 Shanghai. The Shanghai 1895 Comrades Society, built by Shiraiwa Ryuhei, Munakata Kotaro and others played a vital role in the transition process. Under their influence, the Chinese gradually turned towards the East Asian Common Culture Association as their ally. Taking advantage of the organizational and personnel resources of previous groups concerned with Chinese affairs, the Society was more comprehensively and deeply involved in anti2qing plots in Southern China and worked to promote a united uprising. Ariga Nagao and the Evolution of Constitutional Pol itics in Early Republ ican China Zhang Xueji (54) Ariga Nagao played a peculiar role in Yuan Shikai s strangulation of the republican democratic system and steady movement towards dictatorship and finally restoring imperial rule. Ariga completely ignored the historical facts of the 1911 Revolution s overthrow of the Qing Dynasty s feudal autocratic rule, and fabricated a theory thatthe Qing transferred national authority to Yuan, which fundamentally denies the theory thatnational au2 thority belongs to the people set forth in the Provisional Constitution. Ariga took his theory as the legal basis for Yuan Shikai to abandon the democratic republican system and restore imperial rule. After 1913, the constitution2 al political system was developed in accordance with the theory concocted by Ariga. His words and deeds reflected the Japanese imperialist government s policies and ambitions toward China. Nominally he was a legal advisor em2 ployed by China s head of state, but in fact he played the most inglorious role of aconspiratorial politician. Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the 1933 North China Crisis : Centered on the Responses to Huang Fu s Mission Chen Q unyua n (76) Before the conclusion of the Tanggu Truce, there was a divergence of opinion among officers of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs over the future of Sino2Japanese relations. The divergence became more conspicuous after the Nationalist Government appointed Huang Fu to settle issues in North China. Among Japanese diplomats in China, Ambassador Ariyoshi Akira advocated supporting Huang Fu in order to reach an amicable agreement with the Nationalist government, and thereby improve cooperation between the two countries. However, First Secretary Nakayama Shoichi and others generally accepted the Kwangtung Army s position that an effectively in2 dependent government should be set up in North China. Foreign Minister Uchida Yasuya held an ambiguous stance at first, but he generally inclined toward the Nakayama group. In the end, he vetoed Ariyoshi s ideas and tried to sign a political agreement with the Nationalist government. This process is a concrete demonstration of the existence of a divergence of opinion over relations with China inside the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the time, as well as the historical reality that the hardliners more often than not gained the upper hand. Navy Minister Zaixun s Visit to America and the Sino2American Naval Cooperation Plan Cui Zhi hai (92) The Plague in Northeast China from 1910 to 1911 and Measures Adopted by the Government and the Public J iao Runming (106) Grass2roots Judicial Practices during the Early Period of the Nanjing National ist Government : An Analysis of Cases in the Nanchong District, Sichuan Wu Yan (125) The Secretaries and Secretarial Off ices of Governors and Governor2Generals in the Qing Dynasty Guan Xiaohong (140) Seminar onmodern Chinese Urban, Rural and Folk CultureL Wenhao (151) English abstracts translated by Du Chengjun and edited by Alexander Beels Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and A merica : History and L ife.

/,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ; :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50,,,,,,,,,,,, 91 :,, 1962, 193 :, 2000 ; :, 2001 ; :, 2001 ; : :, 2002 ; :, 2003 ; :, 2004 : ( ),1983, 8

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90 /,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ; :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50,,,,,,,,,,,, 91 :,, 1962, 193 :, 2000 ; :, 2001 ; :, 2001 ; : :, 2002 ; :, 2003 ; :, 2004 : ( ),1983, 8 2006 6,,,,,, 16,,,,,,,,,,,