2007 6, : ;, ;,,,,,,,,,, :,, ,,,,, ,,,,,:,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, :,,, :,16, 1986, :, 1993, :, 2003, : :

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1 : Ξ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1906,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1907,, ;,,, 21 Ξ ( 05J ZD00011) ( )

2 2007 6, : ;, ;,,,,,,,,,, :,, ,,,,, ,,,,,:,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, :,,, :,16, 1986, :, 1993, :, 2003, : :, 2003, :, 1979, :130, 2000, 8913 ; :, 2001, ; :, 1994, ,

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14 2007 6,,,,,,,, 30,, 1 26,,,,1911,,, 1906,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,, : :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1911,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ,15,,,,,,,, , 2, , 2 :, , , , 54, , ,

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20 2007 6,,, 1907,, 6,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1907,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( : ),:, 396 : 11,

21 Modern Chinese History Studies No. 6, 2007 Sino2Soviet Relations and the Guomindang and CCP s Strategic Interests : The Planning and Cancellation of Chiang Kai2shek s 1943 Sanctions against the CCP Deng Ye (1) Mao Zedong repeatedly came to the conclusion that the Guomindang launched its third anti2communist campaign because Chiang Kai2shek believed that the Japanese would attack the USSR imminently. To this day, writers have either completely avoided mentioning this conclusion of Mao s, or have mentioned it in only the most evasive way. There are two reasons for this : First, they have not understood the strategic relationships within the tri2national quartet of Japan, the USSR, the Guomindang and the CCP ; Second, they haven t found the relevant evidence on Chiang Kai2shek s side. This paper will focus on raising and resolving these two issues. This anti2communist campaign is usually considered to have come to an end in mid2to2late July. On the face of it, this stance is defensible. However, Chiang proceeded to formulate many plans to wipe out or contain the North Shaanxi Soviet. This paper will also examine how these plans were formulated, altered and abandoned. In short, this political dis2 pute between the Guomindang and the CCP both began and ended with choices made by Chiang Kai2shek based on his observa2 tions of international strategic trends. This course of events is a relatively concentrated expression of Chiang s strategic vision and his contact with and consideration of a variety of strategic relations. Reaping What You Did Not Sow: Choice of Plans for Reforming the Provincial Bureaucratic System in the Qing Period and Public Reaction Guan Xiaohong (21) On the eve of late the Qing reform of the bureaucratic system, there were a number of options under consideration for both the procedure and pace of reform, the choice of which would have a great effect on the progress of the reform. The regime failed to come up with an overall plan, and instead adopted foreign practices wholesale, and as a result the reforms of the central and provincial bureaucratic systems were not harmonized. The heart of the reform and the focus of its contradictions was the double i2 dentity of the governors and governors2general. As the reform weakened their power, the governors and governors2general sought ways to survive and expand their power. First, they began to express their dissatisfaction and grievances through various outlets. Then they took advantage of petitions to the Qing court from constitutionalists and the general populace to publicly exert pressure on the court. Right up to the eve of the 1911 Revolution, the final scheme for reforming the provincial bureaucratic system had still not been settled, and the incessant battle for power and advantage sped up the downfall of the Qing dynasty. The unresolved issues of the provincial administration s authority and the governor s status became the principal factors behind the endless fighting between regional regimes during the early Republican period, and continued to confound planners and builders of bureaucratic sys2 tems in subsequent regimes. Japan s International Strategy and the Expansion of the War in China : On a Key Factor Linking the War in China and the Pacific War L u Xijun (41) The aim of this article is to investigate the crucial role of Japan s international strategy in linking the war in China with the Pacific War. The analytic focus includes five aspects of this international strategy : the guiding principles for resolving the China Problem ; policies towards other nations ; attitudes toward the Nine2Power Treaty and the existing international order ; evaluations of the international situation ; responses to the relationship between the China Problem and the World Problem. This article points out that in its international strategy, Japan first adopted a principle of not provoking other nations, in hopes of containing the war between the two countries China and Japan, and resolving the conflict on its own. However, Japan s actual behavior was

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