香港15春拍賣

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1 RADIANT ANCIENT GLORIOUS BRONZE COLLECTION FROM MUWEN TANG CHINA GUARDIAN HONG KONG 2015 SPRING AUCTIONS 2015 April 6,

4 China Guardian Hong Kong 2015 Spring Auctions will be broadcast live online at and Front Cover: Lot 451, 463 Second Cover: Lot 430, 450, 462 Third Cover: Lot 428, 435 Back Cover: Lot 456 Catalogue: HKD 200

live online at www.cguardian.com and www.artrade.

9 : JW Radiant Ancient Glorious Bronze - Collection from Muwen Tang Monday, April 6, :00 pm. Lot 421 to 470 JW Marriott Hotel Hong Kong We advise all buyers to carefully examine the condition of the auction lots before the auction. If lot condition factors are not accounted for in the catalogue that does not mean the iece is ithout a.

Lot 421 to 470 JW Marriott Hotel Hong Kong We advise all buyers to carefully examine the

12 Known in ancient times as jin, literally metal, or jijin, literally auspicious metal, bronze was the earliest metal used by the Chinese probably some five thousand years ago. In the Xia dynasty (coinciding with the Erlitou Culture) that preceded the Shang, the making and use of bronzes were already quite considerable in scale. More than simply functional in nature, these bronzes were designed with religious, aesthetic and ritual considerations to become major artifacts from an ancient civilization. They ushered in the Bronze Age that marks an important milestone in the evolution of Chinese culture. Regarded as the most privileged possessions in the Shang and Zhou periods, ritual bronzes were exclusively owned by those in power as symbols of their high status. Over the millennia, they became collectibles hotly sought after by emperors especially of the Song dynasty, the imperial collection of which boasted over 6000 items of ancient bronzes. By far the most zealous of the Song emperor-collectors of bronzes was Huizong, who had 839 bronzes in his imperial collection according to Xuanhe Bogutu (Illustrated Catalogue of Xuanhe Profoundly Learned Antiquity). Bronze collecting was equally prevalent even outside the court as supported by references in literature such as Kaogutu (Illustrated Catalogue of Examined Antiquity) of the Northern Song and Xu Kaogutu (A Sequel to Illustrated Catalogue of Examined Antiquity) of the Southern Song. Qing emperors were also passionate about bronzes. At the order of Emperor Qianlong, two voluminous catalogues, namely Xiqing Gujian (Xiqing Collection of Ancient Bronzes) and Xiqing Xujian (A Sequel to Xiqing Collection of Ancient Bronzes), were compiled to document a total of more than 3000 bronzes in the imperial collection. Private collectors also abounded, the most preeminent scholars among them being Wu Dacheng, Ruan Yuan, Duanfang, Chen Jieqi and Pan Zuyin. Besides collecting and collating, they also meticulously studied and documented the forms and dating of bronzes, thereby providing valuable information for later collectors and promoting greater understanding of the artifacts. Since ancient times, bronzes have been greatly prized and cherished in China. Having a bronze in one s heirloom has been enough to induce pride in any cultured individual. To truly appreciate bronzes, connoisseurs find connection with the spirit and culture of China in historic times, without stopping at being overwhelmed by the exquisite craftsmanship or the beautiful form. Text from master of Muwen Tang

More than simply functional in nature, these bronzes were designed with religious, aesthetic and ritual considerations to become major artifacts from an ancient civilization.

16 China s bronze culture dates back thousands of years. As known from ancient Chinese literature, sacrificial activities and warfare were top on the agenda of ancient governments. It follows that the flourish and decline of the art of bronze were closely connected with the ritual system adopted by different political entities. In the early and mid-shang dynasty, or the Erligang period in archeology, ritual bronzes began to emerge in large numbers. A typical find from the period is the jue, a ritual tripod wine vessel, which, together with the Jia, Zhi, Gu, Zun and You, forms a complete wine set that was essential in sacrificial ceremonies performed by the aristocracy. By the late Shang, decorations on bronzes had become more elaborate as typified by the so-called triple bands, marking a zenith in bronze casting. Preference for elaborate decorations such as raised flanges and nipple protrusions continued into the early Western Zhou. Necessitated by modification in rites, wine vessels gave way to containers for food and led to the appearance of new forms such as the Pu and Yi. By the mid- and late Western Zhou, bronze decorations took a turn for the simple although there were still relatively sumptuous examples. Used increasingly as funerary objects, ritual bronzes of the Spring and Autumn period are artistically akin to those of the late Western Zhou. The complex rites practiced by a new class of aristocrats in various feudal states were reflected in the complex decorations on the ritual bronzes and musical instruments of the time. A predominant characteristic is the interlaced hydra design. Certain new forms, such as the Fu and Fou, also became popular during this period. The Warring States period witnessed parallel development in elaborately decorated and undecorated bronzes, evidencing that some of them were beginning to serve functional rather than ceremonial purposes. A contributing factor is naturally the decline of the aristocratic class. By the Han dynasty, ritual bronzes had remarkably dwindled in number. In their stead,delicately designed bronzes were produced to meet daily needs. The new demand for censers, buckles, weights, staff heads andthe likes, sometimes with gold and silver inlay, was indicative of not just political changes but also advancement in bronze casting for secular purposes. A testimony can be found in the making of bronze mirrors, an item

In the early and mid-shang dynasty, or the Erligang period in archeology, ritual bronzes began to emerge in large numbers.

17 that was highly popular during the Warring States and Han periods. Among bronze mirrors dating from the Tang dynasty, those decorated with auspicious sea monsters and grapes are most notable for their craftsmanship. With warfare came the bronze chariots, harnesses and weapons. In ancient times, as emblems of the owner's aristocratic origins, weapons were produced with state-of-the-art techniques such as openwork and inlay for exuberance. Hence, more than just weapons, these were indispensable ritual bronzes for any army. Wars were waged in so different a fashion from ours that chariots, harnesses and combat weapons formed an important category in bronze culture. By the Warring States and Qin-Han periods, with chariots exiting the scene, it was infantries and cavalries armed with crossbows that determined the outcome of a war. The bronze culture of the Pre-Qin period encompasses the making of not only bronzes but also gold and silver ware. Culturally speaking, informed also by far-away exotic regions, the bronze culture of China Proper actually embodied Chinese culture over a vast area and a long period of time. Utilitarian as well as artistic, Chinese bronzes are remarkable works of art and technology and are at the same relics of immense historical and cultural importance.

With warfare came the bronze chariots, harnesses and weapons.

18 2005 A Bronze Ritual Wine Vessel, Jue Late Shang Dynasty, 11th century BC 21 cm. high (8 1 /4 in.) HKD: 30,000-50,000 USD: 3,900-6,400

19 A Bronze Ritual Wine Vessel, Gu Late Shang to Early Western Zhou Dynasty, 11th century BC 24 cm. high (9 1 /2 in.) HKD: 80, ,000 USD: 10,300-15,500

20 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Ding Western Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 21 cm. high (8 1 /4 in.) HKD: 150, ,000 USD: 19,300-32,200

23 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Ding Late Shang Dynasty, 11th century BC 23 cm. high (9 in.) HKD: 100, ,000 USD: 12,900-25,800

24 A Bronze Bird-Shaped Censer Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) 26 cm. wide (10 1 /4 in.) HKD: 30,000-50,000 USD: 3,900-6,400

25 A Bronze Censer Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) 15 cm. diam. (5 7 /8 in.) HKD: 20,000-30,000 USD: 2,600-3,900

26 A Bronze Ritual Wine Vessel, Jia Late Shang Dynasty, 11th century BC 20 cm. high (7 7 /8 in.) HKD: 60,000-90,000 USD: 7,700-11,500

27 A Bronze Ritual Round Ware Spring and Autumn, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 23 cm. diam. (9 in.) HKD: 120, ,000 USD: 15,500-28,400

28 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Gui Late Shang to Early Western Zhou Dynasty, 11th century BC 28 cm. wide (11 in.) HKD: 300, ,000 USD: 38,700-64,500

30 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Ding Late Shang Dynasty, 11th century BC 25 cm. high (9 7 /8 in.) HKD: 200, ,000 USD: 25,800-38,700

32 A Bronze Water Vessel, Hu Spring and Autumn, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 20 cm. high (7 7 /8 in.) HKD: 50,000-80,000 USD: 6,400-10,300

33 A Bronze Ritual Water Vessel, Yi Spring and Autumn, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 36 cm. wide (14 1 /8 in.) HKD: 80, ,000 USD: 10,300-15,500

34 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Ding Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 26 cm. wide (10 1 /4 in.) HKD: 80, ,000 USD: 10,300-15,500

35 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Ding Late Spring and Autumn, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 24 cm. wide (9 1 /2 in.) HKD: 80, ,000 USD: 10,300-15,500

37 A Bronze Square Vessel, Fanghu Spring and Autumn, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 38 cm. high (15 in.) HKD: 150, ,000 USD: 19,300-32,200

39 A Pair of Bronze Square Vessels, Fanghu Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 35 cm. high (13 3 /4 in.) HKD: 250, ,000 USD: 32,200-45,100

40 A Bronze Mythical Beast Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) 9 cm. wide (3 1 /2 in.) HKD: 10,000-20,000 USD: 1,300-2,600

41 A Boshan Censer Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) 22 cm. high (8 5 /8 in.) HKD: 20,000-30,000 USD: 2,600-3,900

42 A Bronze Crossbow Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) 16.5 cm. wide (6 1 /2 in.) HKD: 30,000-50,000 USD: 3,900-6,400

43 C A Set of Four Bronze Spear Heads Late Shang Dynasty to Eastern Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC- 476 BC) size variable HKD: 40,000-60,000 USD: 5,200-7,700

44 A Bronze Dagger Axe Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 26 cm. wide (10 1 /4 in.) HKD: 10,000-20,000 USD: 1,300-2,600

45 A Silver And Gold-Inlaid Bronze Sword Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 53 cm. long (20 7 /8 in.) HKD: 20,000-30,000 USD: 2,600-3,900

46 A Bronze Helmet Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 23.5 cm. high (9 1 /4 in.) HKD: 20,000-30,000 USD: 2,600-3,900

47 A Bronze Round Vessel, Hu Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 34 cm. high (13 3 /8 in.) HKD: 50,000-80,000 USD: 6,400-10,300

48 A Bronze Axle Fitting, A Gold-Inlaid Bronze Sword Guard Late Shang Dynasty, 11th century BC / Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) size variable HKD: 20,000-30,000 USD: 2,600-3,900

49 A Gold-Inlaid Bronze Tiger, A Bronze Turtle Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) size variable HKD: 20,000-30,000 USD: 2,600-3,900

50 A Pair of Bronze Ritual Wine Vessels, Jue Early Shang Dynasty, 16th century BC 15 cm. high (5 7 /8 in.) HKD: 100, ,000 USD: 12,900-25,800

51 A Bronze Ritual Wine Vessel, Jia Early Shang Dynasty, 16th century BC 21.5 cm. high (8 1 /2 in.) HKD: 100, ,000 USD: 12,900-25,800

53 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Gui Late Western Zhou, Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 27 cm. wide (10 5 /8 in.) HKD: 150, ,000 USD: 19,300-32,200

54 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Ding Late Shang Dynasty, 11th century BC 24 cm. high (9 1 /2 in.) HKD: 300, ,000 USD: 38,700-64,500

56 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Ding Late Shang to Early Western Zhou Dynasty, 11th century BC 34 cm. high (13 3 /8 in.) HKD: 400, ,000 USD: 51,600-77,300

58 A Silver And Gold-Inlaid Bronze Garment Hook and A Silver-Inlaid Bronze Garment Hook Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) size variable HKD: 20,000-30,000 USD: 2,600-3,900

59 A Silver And Gold-Inlaid Bronze Shaft Tubular Fitting, A Gilt Bronze Hook Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) size variable HKD: 10,000-20,000 USD: 1,300-2,600

60 A Pair of Silver And Gold-Inlaid Bronze Crossbow Supports Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 22 cm. long (8 5 /8 in.) HKD: 80, ,000 USD: 10,300-15,500

61 A Silver And Gold-Inlaid Bronze Bird-Shaped Finial Western Han, Han Dynasty (206BC-AD9) 11.5 cm. high (4 1 /2 in.) HKD: 50,000-80,000 USD: 6,400-10,300

63 A Silver-Inlaid Bronze Round Vessel, Hu Late Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 31 cm. high (12 1 /4 in.) HKD: 200, ,000 USD: 25,800-38,700

64 A Bronze Ritual Wine Vessel, Zun Late Shang to Early Western Zhou Dynasty, 11th century BC 26 cm. high (10 1 /4 in.) HKD: 50,000-80,000 USD: 6,400-10,300

65 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Gui Late Spring and Autumn to Early Warring States ( BC) 34 cm. wide (13 3 /8 in.) HKD: 60,000-90,000 USD: 7,700-11,600

66 A Bronze Ritual Water Vessel, Yi Late Spring and Autumn to Early Warring States ( BC) 25 cm. wide (9 7 /8 in.)) HKD: 30,000-50,000 USD: 3,900-6,400

67 A Bronze Vessel, Hu Late Shang Dynasty, 11th century BC 32.5 cm. high (12 3 /4 in.) HKD: 150, ,000 USD: 19,300-32,200

69 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Gui Late Shang Dynasty, 11th century BC 25 cm. diam. (9 7 /8 in.) HKD: 300, ,000 USD: 38,700-64,500

71 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Ding Late Shang Dynasty, 11th century BC 21 cm. high (8 1 /4 in.) HKD: 150, ,000 USD: 19,300-32,200

72 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Yan Late Shang to Early Western Zhou Dynasty, 11th century BC 39 cm. high (15 3 /8 in.) HKD: 500, ,000 USD: 64, ,100

74 A Bronze Vessel, Bianhu Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 28 cm. wide (11 in.) HKD: 50,000-80,000 USD: 6,400-10,300

75 A Bronze Ritual Food Vessel, Fu Late Spring and Autumn to Early Warring States ( BC) 34 cm. wide ( 13 3 /8 in.)) HKD: 150, ,000 USD: 19,300-32,200

77 A Bronze Bell, Bo Early Warring States, Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( BC) 33 cm. high (13 in.) HKD: 100, ,000 USD: 12,900-25,800

78 A Bronze 'Mythical Beast' Seating Weight Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) 7 cm. diam. (2 3 /4 in.) HKD: 10,000-20,000 USD: 1,300-2,600

79 A Pair of Taotie Face Bronze Handles Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) 7.6 cm. high ( 3 in.) HKD: 10,000-20,000 USD: 1,300-2,600

80 A Bronze 'Grapes' Mirror Tang Dynasty ( ) 7.6 cm. diam. (3 in.) HKD: 10,000-20,000 USD: 1,300-2,600

81 A Bronze 'Grapes' Mirror Tang Dynasty ( ) 17.3 cm. diam. (6 3 /4 in.) HKD: 100, ,000 USD: 12,900-25,800

92 10 10

93 CHINA GUARDIAN (HONG KONG) AUCTIONS CO.,LTD. Room 3001, 30/F., Cosco Tower, 183 Queen s Road Central,Hong Kong Tel.: (852) Fax: (852) hkauction@cguardian.com.hk Chairman: Wang Yannan President: Hu Yanyan Operations Director : Loretta Lo SPECIALIST TEAMS : Chinese Painting & Calligraphy Guo Tong Luan Jingli Zhou Mingzhao Dai Wei Hu Ying Chinese Ceramics & Works of Art Liu Yue Qiao Hao Guo Xueguang David Yu Chen Linlin Wang Jing Zhang Di Pu Hongqi 20 th Century & Contemporary Chinese Art Li Yanfeng Meng Luxin Lin Lin Zhu Lin Sidney Kuo Enya Li Jewellery & Watches Alex B. H. Ooi Amy Chow HONG KONG BUSINESS REPRESENTATIVE: Chinese Painting & Calligraphy Dai Wei daiwei@cguardian.com Chinese Ceramics & Works of Art Wang Jing wangjing@cguardian.com 20 th Century & Contemporary Chinese Art Sidney Kou guosiyu@cguardian.com Jewellery & Watches Alex B.H. Ooi huangminghui@cguardian.com Amy Chow amychow@cguardian.com OPERATIONS: Loretta Lo lorettalo@cguardian.com.hk Client Services Judy Kong judykong@cguardian.com.hk Hui Chui-hung bellhui@cguardian.com.hk Kitty Lam kittylam@cguardian.com.hk Melissa Ma melissama@cguardian.com.hk Finance Andy Kwok, Nicole Yeung Marketing Rosaline Cheng, Lynn Liu pr@cguardian.com.hk Logistics Pasu Chan chenwenjun@cguardian.com.hk Lin Yin Ngai lin@cguardian.com.hk Rico Jiu zhaoyingheng@cguardian.com.hk CHINA GUARDIAN AUCTIONS CO.,LTD Henderson Center, 18 Jianguomennei St., Beijing , China Tel.: (86) Fax: (86) mail@cguardian.com BRANCHES AND LIAISON: 13102, Donghu Hotel, 167 Xinle Rd., Shanghai , China Tel.: (86) Fax: (86) Suite 3002 Taikoo Hui Tower 1, 385 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou , China Tel.: (86) Fax: (86) Suite 1206, 12F., 333 Keelung Rd., Sec. 1, Xinyi District, Taipei 110, Taiwan Tel: (886) Fax: (886) C-5, 1-1-1Imperial Hotel Tower, Uchisaiwaicho,Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan Tel: (81) Fax: (81) Park Ave., 4/F., New York, NY Tel: (1) , (1) Fax: (1) Canada Vancouver, BC, Canada Tel: (1)

94 Please tick the box(es) preceding the price(s) of the catalogue(s) of your choice postage is included in the price.

96 China Guardian Hong Kong 2015 Spring Auctions Lot No. Lot Name telephone bid Highest bid (commission not included)

100 China Guardian (HK) Auctions Co., Ltd Cosco Tower, 183 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong

48 東華漢學第20期 2014年12月後卿由三軍將佐取代此後中大夫極可能回歸原本職司由於重要性已然不再故而此後便不見中大夫記載於左傳及國語關鍵詞左傳中大夫里克丕鄭卿

48 東華漢學第20期 2014年12月後卿由三軍將佐取代此後中大夫極可能回歸原本職司由於重要性已然不再故而此後便不見中大夫記載於左傳及國語關鍵詞左傳中大夫里克丕鄭卿東華漢學第 20 期 47-98 頁東華大學中國語文學系華文文學系 2014 年 12 月春秋晉國中大夫考黃聖松** 摘要本文討論左傳國語所載中大夫之含義及職司內容認為中大夫不可與上大夫下大夫排比視為大夫等第左傳所載大夫一詞前常冠以其他名詞如中軍大夫上軍大夫下軍大夫七輿大夫公族大夫及僕大夫筆者認為冠諸大夫前名詞即是該大夫職司範圍