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1 11 Journal of Theater Studies 女性與國族 : 人間條件二 : 她與她生命中的男人們之國族寓言與歷史再現前言 Yuki 1 2 dramatic narrative national narrative * tw/2007/new/feb/15/today-article1.htm

2006 1 11 http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2006/new/jan/11/today-art3.

2 Fredric Jameson national allegory Three Worlds Theory 3 4 the poetic the political Fredric Jameson, Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism, Social Text 15 (Autumn, 1986): Aijaz Ahmad, Jameson s Rhetoric of Otherness and the National Allegory, Social Text 17 (Autumn, 1987): collectivity Margaret Hillenbrand -114-

3 Yuki Yuki 一文化敘事與國族建構 nationalism state country nation state nation the United Nations 8 NATO ASEAN Margaret Hillenbrand, The National Allegory Revisited: Writing Private and Public in Contemporary Taiwan, positions: east asia cultures critique 14.3 (2006): States -115-

National Allegory Revisited: Writing Private and Public in Contemporary

4 nation-state Ernest Gellner 9 state nation civic nationalism ethnic nationalism nation representation reiteration Eric Hobsbawm 9 primarily a political principle, which holds that the political and the national unit should be congruent. Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983), p Nationalism is not the awakening of nations to self-conscious; it invents nations where they do not exist. Ernest Gellner, Thought and Change (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p revives, or invents, a local high culture (literate, specialist-transmitted) of its own. Gellner, Nations and Nationalism, p

Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 19

5 12 Benedict Anderson an imagined political community cultural artefacts of a particular kind Homi K. Bhabha Eric Hobsbawm, Introduction to The Invention of Traditions, ed. Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), p Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism (New York: Verso, 1983), p Hsiau A-chin, Contemporary Taiwanese Cultural Nationalism (London: Routledge, 2000), p a system of cultural signification, a form of cultural elaboration, a form of narrative, and to study nation is to study its narrative address. Homi K. Bhabha, Introduction: narrating the nation, Nation and Narration, ed. Homi Bhabha (London: Routledge, 1990), p

83), p. 1. 13 Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism (New York: Verso, 1983), p. 6.

6 二國族與 Yuki 故事的濫觴 : 從再現二二八事件說起 Yuki 19 Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki

7 June Yip, Envisioning Taiwan: Fiction, Cinema, and the Nation in the Cultural Imaginary (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004), pp Hsiau A-chin, Contemporary Taiwanese Cultural Nationalism, p Mark Harrison, Legitimacy, Meaning and Knowledge in the Making of Taiwanese Identity (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), p Sylvia Li-chun Lin, Representing Atrocity in Taiwan: The 2/28 Incident and White Terror in Fiction and Film (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007)

22 Mark Harrison, Legitimacy, Meaning and Knowledge in the Making of Taiwanese Identity (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), p. 164.

8 Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki

9 Yuki Yuki Robert Edmondson, The February 28 Incident and National Identity in Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and the Search for a New Nation, ed. Stéphane Corcuff ( New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2002), p chinatimes.com/report/people/950221/02.htm

New Nation, ed. Stéphane Corcuff ( New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2002), p. 29.

10 30 31 Yuki 32 Yuki 33 Yuki 三女性做為國族與文化的文學比喻 Yuki woman as-nation Anderson, p In everything natural there is always something unchosen precisely because such ties are not chosen, they have about them a halo of disinterestedness

In everything natural there is always something unchosen precisely

11 Elleke Boehmer nationhood the bearers of national culture. Boehmer, p. 4. Yuval-Davis cultural and biological reproducers of the nation Nira Yuval-Davis, Gender & Nation (London: SAGE, 1997), p Boehmer, p

12 Yuki Yuki ( 一 ) 道義與溫柔敦厚為臺灣人的美德特質 Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki 37 Yuki Tony

13 Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki 38 Yuki Tony Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki

14 ( 二 ) 多音與臺灣文化的多元開放特質 39 Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki 40 Yuki Yuki gau 41 Yuki

15 Yuki Tony Yuki 42 Yuki 43 Yuki Yuki Yuki Performing Nation, Imagining Taiwaneseness in Twentyfirst Century Theatre in Taiwan (Ph.D. diss., Tufts University, 2010), pp

16 44 Yuki Yuki Those Men in Her Life Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki 44 Boehmer, p. 32. if men occupied the dimension of time linear, future-directed, associated with change and progress women presided over the static dimension of space the past, tradition, nature Graham Day and Andrew Thompson, Theorizing Nationalism (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), p

over the static dimension of space the past, tradition, nature. 45 http://www.greenray.org.tw/main/portfolio_b002.

17 四族群他者及外省和本省人的族群通婚 Sylvia Li-chun Lin Yuki Yuki Sylavia Li-chun Lin, Representing Atrocity in Taiwan: The 2/28 Incident and White Terror in Fiction and Film (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), p

Taiwan: The 2/28 Incident and White Terror in Fiction and Film

18 Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki 50 Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki 51 Yuki Yuki 52 Yuki Yuki Yuki

19 結語 : 一個臺灣中心的國族敘述與挪用女性符號為國族服務 Yuki Yuki 53 Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki Tony Tony Yuki 54 Tony Yuki Yuki Yuki Tony I m not American, I was just born in America. Tony made in USA 55 Tony Yuki Ernest Renan

Yuki Tony I m not American, I was just born in America.

20 What Is a Nation? Yuki Yuki Yuki Yuki 56 Ernest Renan, What is a nation? in Nation and Narration, ed. Homi K. Bhabha (New York: Routledge, 1990), p

21 女性與國族 : 人間條件二 : 她與她生命中的男人們之國族寓言與歷史再現 Yuki Yuki Fredric Jameson Yuki Yuki 關鍵字 : 國族寓言歷史再現國族敘事國族建構派理論人間條件二 : 她與她生命中的男人們 -133-

22 Women and Nation: Human Conditions II: Those Men in Her Life as National Allegory and Its Representation of History Wen-ling LIN Assistant Professor, Department of Drama Creation and Application, National University of Tainan Human Conditions II: Those Men in Her Life, staged by the Greenray Theatre Company in 2006, dramatizes the life of its female protagonist, Yuki. This epic production, spanning over sixty years from the 1940s to the present day, swept Taiwan with its humor and warm sentiments. According to playwright and director Wu Nianzhen, the play is intended to pay homage to all Taiwanese grandmothers, or an older generation of Taiwanese females, who are strong, accommodating, and resilient in encountering changes of various kinds. On the surface, this play offers a view of the life story of the female protagonist growing up in the Japanese colonial period through her relations with the men who play a decisive role in her life. At a deeper level, the play weaves a national narrative through its representation of important historical moments. It is what Fredric Jameson calls national allegory. This paper first briefly examines important constructivist theories of nationalism and revisits Jameson s concept of national allegory in the Taiwanese political context. Then it investigates how this work presents Taiwan, focusing on the selection and representation of historical events, the dramatization of ethnic relations, and the construction of Taiwaneseness or Taiwan spirit, all of which are critical elements of narrating a nation. More importantly, this paper compares the tropes of women-as-nation in this play with other post-colonial cultural imagery. Yuki embodies the trinity of history, culture and the moral values of the people, completing a Taiwanese national narrative. However, this construction follows the traditional postcolonial nation-building model in which the male intellectuals privilege resistance against foreign oppression over resistance against other types of internal oppression arising from class, gender, and sexual differences. Only at the cost of the female subjectivity in a patriarchal society is Yuki able to re-present the nation. Keywords: national allegory historical representation national narrative constructivist theories of nationalism Human Conditions II: Those Men in Her Life -134-

23 徵引書目 chinatimes.com/report/people/950221/02.htm new/feb/15/today-article1.htm htm Ahmad, Ajaz. Jameson s Rhetoric of Otherness and the National Allegory. Social Text 17 (Autumn, 1987): Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. New York: Verso, Bhabha, Homi ed.. Nation and Narration. London: Routledge, Boehmer, Elleke. Stories of Women: Gender and Narrative in the Postcolonial Nation. New York: Manchester University Press, Day, Graham and Andrew Thompson. Theorizing Nationalism. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, Edmondson, Robert. The February 28 Incident and National Identity. In Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and the Search for a New Nation. Ed. Stéphane Corcuff. New York: M. E. Sharpe, Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, Thought and Change. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, Jameson, Fredric. Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism. Social Text 15 (Autumn, 1986): Harrison, Mark. Legitimacy, Meaning and Knowledge in the Making of Taiwanese Identity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, Hillenbrand, Margaret. The National Allegory Revisited: Writing Private and Public in Contemporary Taiwan. positions: east Asia cultures critique 14.3 (2006):

24 Hobsbawm, Eric and Terence Ranger eds. The Invention of Traditions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Hsiau, A-chin. Contemporary Taiwanese Cultural Nationalism. London: Routledge, Lin, Sylavia Li-chun. Representing Atrocity in Taiwan: The 2/28 Incident and White Terror in Fiction and Film. New York: Columbia University Press, Renan, Ernest. What is a nation? Nation and Narration. Ed. Homi K. Bhabha. New York: Routledge, Yip, June. Envisioning Taiwan: Fiction, Cinema, and the Nation in the Cultural Imaginary. Durham: Duke University Press, Yuval-Davis, Nira. Gender & Nation. London: SAGE,

公民化與現代化

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