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3 2005 The International Conference on The Longshan Time and Early States, Rizhao, China

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11 Contents 1 The Main Discoveries of the Excavation at Liangchengzhen Site during Luan Fengshi et al. 5 The Discovery and Excavation of the Circled Trenches at Liangchengzhen Site, Rizhao, Shangdong Yu Haiguang 7 New Discoveries of the Archaeological Survey in Rizhao Area during Fang Hui et al. 13 The Archaeological Surveys and Excavations at the Sites of Longshan Period in Shandong by the Institute of History and Philology of Academia Sinica in the 1930 s Li Yongdi 14 Wood Analysis at Liangchengzhen Site, Rizhao City, Shandong Jin Guiyun et al. 15 A Study on the Jade Artifacts from Dantu Site and Liangchengzhen Site Yan Shengdong et al. 18 Scientific Thought and the Origin of Early States Chen Chun and Chen Hongbo 21 City Capital State: A Study on the Way of Exploring the Formation Process of Early States 22 The Origin of the Etiquette System in the Pre-historic Times in Shandong Area Duang Hongzhen Kazuo Miyamoto 23 The History of the Research on the Origin of Civilization in Haidai Area during the 20 th Century Zhu Naicheng 25 The Main Characteristics of the Longshan Society in Haidai Area: the Germination of Some Factors of Chinese Ancient Civilization 26 Longshan Period: The Age of Early States 27 New Archaeological Finds from Huang and Huai Area during Prehistoric Times Gao Guangren Zhang Xuehai Lin Liugen 29 Archaeological Researches on the Process of Chiefdom Society: Inspirations from the Polynesian Case Jiao Tianlong 30 The Developmental Process of the Society in Eastern Liaodong Area during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age Ok, Kang Won Archaeological Cultures and Their Developmental Process in Kangwon, Province of CentralKorea Hyuk-Jin Ro ii

12 32 The Origin of the Private Form of Prehistoric Fortune: A Case Study of Liyang Plain, Westnorthern Hunan Pei Anping 36 The Excavation of the Qingliangsi Cemetery and the Research on the Origin of the Chinese Ancient Civilization Song Jianzhon and Xue Xinming 37 New Finds of Wangchenggang Site, Dengfeng, Henan and the Research on the Early Xia Culture Fang Yanming 38 The Sea Salt Industry and the Society Evolvement of Northern Shandong in the Pre-Qin Period Wang Qing 40 Systematic, Regional Survey in the Rizhao Area: Possible Models for Sociopolitical Organization during the Longshan Period Anne Underhill 41 How Systematic Settlement Pattern Survey Revolutionized the Study of Complex Societies: A Global Perspective Gary M. Feinman and Linda M. Nicholas 41 The City-oriented Settlement Patterns in Haidai Area 42 Settlement Archaeology Research of Yuanqu Basin, Shanxi Song Jian Tong Weihua 44 Settlement Archaeology Research of the Erlitou Site and the Peripheral Region Xuhong 45 Discussions on the Plant Remains from Archaeological Sites and the Changes of Environment in the Drought Area of Northern China 46 Discussions on the Plant Remains from the Neolithic Sites in China Kong Zhaochen Liu Changjiang 47 A Study on the Inter-action between Man and Geology Based on the Small Valley System 48 Holocene Climate Changes and Their Significations to the Environmental Archaeology Xia Zhengkai Yang Xiaoyan 49 The History and Recent Research on the Flux of the Orient Coast Line during Prehistoric Times Gao Menghe 50 The Mixed Agricultural Economy of Dry and Rice Farming during Late Neolithic Times in Haidai Area 51 The Ways of Raising Pigs in Sty of Prehistoric Era 52 A Summary of Archaeological Works of Longshan Period in Rizhao Area 53 The Techniques of Architecture Walls at Rizhao Area in Longshan Period Zhao Zhijun Huo Dongfeng Yang Shenfu Liu Hongjun iii

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19 Anne P. Underhill, Gary M. Feinman, Linda M. Nicholas Department of Anthropology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois DG-FJG

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26 2005 Anne Underhill Department of Anthropology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois CO Quercus acufissma. C. Pyrus betulaekolia B. ( ) Alnus sibirica F. Phyllostachys sp

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30 V. Marqius de Mirabear A. Ferguson, A. Comte, E. Durkheim, F. Boas

31 5. 30 L. White J. Steward K. Oberg 1955 chiefdom homogeneous tribes segmented tribes politically organized chiefdoms federal type states city states the theocratic empire egalitarian society rank society stratified society stage society M.D. SahlinsE.R. Service bandtribe chiefdom state 4 1 Oberg, K. Types of social structure among the Lowland tribes of south and central America. American Anthropologist, 1955, 57(3): Fried, M.H. On the evolution of social stratification and the state. In: S. Diamond (ed) Culture in History. New York, Columbia University Press, 1960, Fried, M. The Evolution of Political Society. New York, Random House,

32 processual evolutionists Trigger, B.G. Sociocultural Evolution----New Perspectives on the Past. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers,

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43 12, Archaeological Cultures and Their Developmental Process in Kangwon Province of Central Korea. Hyuk-Jin Ro Professor of Archaeology in Dept. of History Museum Director This paper introduces archaeological cultures their and socio-political developmental process in the Mountain East of Kangwon Province, which geographically occupies eastern region of mid-central Korea. Most of major prehistoric and protohistoric cultural traditions in this region had been formationed in the North Han River Valley, the mainstream river of the Mountain East of Kangwon Province. The unique geomorphological features of the North Han River Valley seems to have consistently impacted on cultural formation in the region throughout prehistoric and protohistoric times - from ca BC upto AD 300. Focused on this strong relationship between cultural formation and geomorphological nature, this paper delineates major cultural traditions from Neolithic upto state formation stages, and establish the socio-political development based on archaeological evidences. 31

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52 2005 Regional Systematic Survey and Settlement Archaeology Studies Systematic, Regional Survey in the Rizhao Area: Possible Models for Sociopolitical Organization During the Longshan Period Anne Underhill The Field Museum Systematic regional survey is a valuable tool for revealing the complexity of Longshan sociopolitical systems in the Haidai area. After completing ten seasons of systematic, regional survey in the Rizhao area of southeastern Shandong, our Sino-American team has covered an area km 2 in size and has discovered over 400 Longshan sites. Two previously identified sites are major centers, Liangchengzhen in the north and Yaowangcheng, 31 km to the south. There is a four-tiered settlement hierarchy in the surveyed region for both the early and middle Longshan periods. This complex sociopolitical organization developed rapidly, judging from the great increase in quantity of sites from the late Dawenkou (24) to Longshan (425) periods in both the northern and southern areas. New immigrants may have arrived with an already complex form of sociopolitical organization that was quickly adapted to the sparsely populated area. A key question we will continue to address is whether there was one large polity in the region, or whether there were two separate polities during the Longshan period. We propose that the different settlement patterns around each center indicate variation in elite strategies for economic control over surrounding areas. The clear four-tiered settlement hierarchy in the region could represent development of an incipient state, but other forms of evidence are needed to demonstrate centralization of power. Further survey and excavation in the Rizhao area are needed to reveal material evidence for economic and ideological control by elites at one or both centers over the surrounding settlements. 40

53 How Systematic Settlement Pattern Survey Revolutionized the Study of Complex Societies: A Global Perspective Gary M. Feinman and Linda M. Nicholas The Field Museum Over the past 50 years, the archaeological study of complex societies has expanded beyond mere description and classification to address questions of how these hierarchical socioeconomic networks arose, changed over time, and varied from one world region to another. This expanded agenda has enabled archaeology to become more than a source of artifacts for museums or a way to verify later documents. After all, only archaeology has the potential to tell us how, where, and why the first chiefs, cities, states, and markets arose in each global region. The expanded agenda and the increasing richness of archaeology has been fostered by many factors, but few or none more important than the emergence of systematic settlement pattern studies. This paper draws on archaeological information from several areas of the world to illustrate how settlement archaeology was a key to answering important and long-standing questions about the past while it also has opened new issues of significance for further research

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67 Newsletter of East Asian Archaeology Research Volume 5 Dec The Center for East Asian Archaeology Studies Shandong University 27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan, China. Tel: / Fax: arc@sdu.edu.cn

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