Guidance Quarterly, 54(2), July 2018 以情緒取向伴侶治療探究外遇與依附關係創傷之修復歷程 : 依附創傷處遇模式之理念與應用 The Healing Process of Affairs and Attachment

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1 Guidance Quarterly, 54(2), July 2018 以情緒取向伴侶治療探究外遇與依附關係創傷之修復歷程 : 依附創傷處遇模式之理念與應用 The Healing Process of Affairs and Attachment Injuries In Emotionally Focused Marital Therapy: The Rationale and Application of Attachment Injury Repair Model (AIRM) 1 2 杜珝萌藍菊梅 Hsu-Meng Tu 1, Chu-Mei Lan 2 摘要外遇如同一把鋒利的刀在婚姻中劃出一道深邃傷口, 外遇更是多數伴侶求助的緣由然而, 外遇的背景及依附關係, 成為外遇是否使伴侶產生依附創傷的指標本文從實務經驗觀察, 求助伴侶諮商之當事人有七成以上是針對伴侶外遇而來, 其中近九成諮商目標希望透過伴侶諮商重建親密關係當伴侶的依附關係因外遇事件導致依附創傷, 使雙方難以在互動中找到修復關係之方法, 不同依附類型的情緒調節及內在運作模式影響其溝通模式, 導致關係連結有困難本文透過文獻回顧及筆者之實務經驗, 首先彙整各個依附類型的重要概念, 探討依附類型如何影響溝通模式, 再論述逃避退縮外遇者及焦慮矛盾的被外遇者, 探究情緒取向伴侶治療下伴侶依附創傷的修復歷程, 以期提供適切方向提升日後輔導諮商人員協助伴侶治療的品質關鍵詞 : 壹前言 Emotionally Focused Therapy EFT The tendency to seek proximity E D104E-m a i l snoopy79725@gms.tku.edu.tw 37

2 Makinen Johnson % EFT Johnson, EFT EFT EFT Johnson & Whiffen, 1999 EFT Z i m m e r m a n n M a i e r W i n t e r Grossmann 2001 EFT Johson, 貳情緒取向伴侶治療一依附類型概述 EFT Johnson, Johnson, EFT ( 一 ) 安全依附型

3 ( 二 ) 不安全依附型 1. E F T Pursuer2014 Johnson, E F T withdrawer Johson, disorganized 15-20% 二依附類型與內在運作模式 Bowlby

4 1 依附類型與其內在運作模式 ( 引自 Hazan & Shaver, 1987) ( 一 ) 安全依附型之內在運作模式 C o l l i n s & F e e n e y, 2004Johnson 2013 ( 二 ) 焦慮矛盾型之內在運作模式 Johnson 2013 Johnson, 2013 ( 三 ) 逃避退縮型之內在運作模式 Collins Feeney 2000 ( 四 ) 混亂依附型之內在運作模式 2016 Johnson, 參伴侶外遇與依附創傷

5 Johnson, 一何謂依附創傷 Johnson & Whiffen, 1999 Attachment Injuries Naaman, Pappas, Makinen, Zuccarini, & Johnson, 2005 EFT 二外遇與依附創傷的表現 EFT EFT 2016 肆伴侶外遇之依附創傷修復歷程 EFT % 41

6 Johnson EFT Makinen Johnson 2006 The Attachment Injury Resolution Model, AIRM AIRM AIRM 8 20 Johnson Z u c c a r i n i, Johnson, Dalgleish, & Makinen, 2013 一第一階段降低負向循環 Zuccarini, et al., 2013 ( 一 ) 第一步驟 Johnson, EFT Johnson, ( 二 ) 第二步驟 Johnson, 42

7 Zuccarini, et al., 2013 ( 三 ) 第三步驟 Zuccarini, et al., ( 四 ) 第四步驟 J o h n s o n, 二第二階段改變互動位置 Zuccarini, et al., 2013 Johnson, ( 一 ) 第五步驟 EFT Johnson,

8 Davila, Karney, & Bradbury, 1999; Johnson, 2008 Accessibility Responsiveness Zuccarini, et al., ( 二 ) 第六步驟 Johnson ( 三 ) 第七步驟 2016 Johnson Johnson,

9 三第三階段強化與整合 EFT Zuccarini, et al., 2013EFT 2016 ( 一 ) 第八步驟 Makinen & Johnson, ( 二 ) 第九步驟 EFT 伍結果與討論 EFT EFT 參考文獻 S. M.JOHNSON

10 S. M. Johnson V.S. S. M. Johnson EFT / ASIA EFT Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss, volume 3: loss; sadness and depression. Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe h a v e n : A n a t t a c h m e n t t h e o r y perspective on support-seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2004). Working models of attachment shape perceptions of social support: evidence from experimental and observational studies. Journal of personality and social psychology, 87 (3), 363. Davila, J., Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1999). Attachment change processes in the early years of marriage. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52 (3), 511. Johnson, S. M., & Whiffen, V. E. (1999). M a d e t o m e a s u r e : A d a p t i n g emotionally focused couples therapy to partners' attachment styles. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 6, Johnson, S. M. (2008). Couple and family therapy: An attachment perspective. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications, 2, Johnson, S. M. (2012). The practice of emotionally focused couple therapy: Creating connection. Routledge. Makinen, J. D., & Johnson, S. M. (2006). Resolving attachment injuries in couples using emotionally focused therapy: Steps toward forgiveness and reconciliation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, Naaman, S., Pappas, J. D., Makinen, J., Zuccarini, D., &Johnson-Douglas, S. (2005). Treating attachment injured couples with emotionally focused therapy: A case study approach. Psychiatry, 68 (1), Zuccarini, D., Johnson, S. M., Dalgleish, T. L., & M a k i n e n, J. A. ( ). Forgiveness and reconciliation in emotionally focused therapy for couples: The client change process and therapist interventions. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 39 (2),

Bartholomew 1991 2 2. 1 George Kaplan Main AAI CRI 60% 70% 1 2 0. 53 ~ 0. 61 Allen McElhaney Kuperminc & Jodl 2004 Davila & Hazan Shaver 1987 3 18 AAI

Bartholomew 1991 2 2. 1 George Kaplan Main AAI CRI 60% 70% 1 2 0. 53 ~ 0. 61 Allen McElhaney Kuperminc & Jodl 2004 Davila & Hazan Shaver 1987 3 18 AAI 2012 4 1001-4918 2012 04-0442-448 B844. 3 A * 王岩王大华 100875 基于依恋内部工作模式的稳定性, 研究者们认为成人依恋具有跨时间的连续性, 可以通过不同时间测得的依恋风格的稳定性来考察采用各种自陈式问卷和半结构