Bartholomew George Kaplan Main AAI CRI 60% 70% ~ Allen McElhaney Kuperminc & Jodl 2004 Davila & Hazan Shaver AAI

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1 B A * 王岩王大华基于依恋内部工作模式的稳定性, 研究者们认为成人依恋具有跨时间的连续性, 可以通过不同时间测得的依恋风格的稳定性来考察采用各种自陈式问卷和半结构访谈方法的研究显示, 在成人发展的不同时期, 成人依恋风格均具有中等程度的稳定性这样的结果暗含了成人依恋也有波动和变化的空间, 研究者们提出生活压力社会认知和个体差异三种模型对成人依恋的变化进行了不同角度的解释成人依恋稳定性方面已经积累了二十多年的研究成果, 但在研究对象的范围解释模型的建构和研究方法的创新等方面仍存在可改进的空间成人 ; 依恋稳定性 ; 生活压力模型 ; 社会认知模型 ; 个体差异模型 Bowlby Fraley 2002 prototype model 1 Bowlby Fraley & Brumbaugh 1973 Hazan Shaver 1987 Collins & Read stability 1994 continuty Bowlby 1973 reliability Baldwin & Fehr * 08JCXLX002. devpsy@ bnu. edu. cn 2004 Klohnen Bera

期, 成人依恋风格均具有中等程度的稳定性这样的结果暗含了成人依恋也有波动和变化的空间, 研究者们提出生活压力社会认知和个体差异三种模型对成人依恋的变化进行了不同角度的解释成人依恋稳定性方面已经积累了二十多年

2 Bartholomew George Kaplan Main AAI CRI 60% 70% ~ Allen McElhaney Kuperminc & Jodl 2004 Davila & Hazan Shaver AAI 78% Crowell Treboux & Waters Baldwin Fehr Waters Merrick Treboux Crowell & 72% Albersheim % 33. 5% 55. 0% ~ 70% Davila Burge & Hammen 1997 Senchak Leonard 1992 & Hazan Shaver Hiester Nortstrom & Swenson 2009 Simpson et al. RQ 2003 AAS ECR Buist Reitz Dekovic Davila & Cobb 2003 Hiester Nortstrom & Sweson 2009 Zhang & Labouvie-Vief % Cozzarelli et al Davila & Sargent 2003 Scharfe & Cole 2006 Scharfe 2007 Simpson Rholes Campbell & Whiffen 2005 Wilson 2003 Brennan 1998 RQ 2 54% Cozzarelli Karafa Collins & Tagler 2003 Cobb % ~ Davila Karney & Bradbury

5% 55. 0% 0. 3 0. 7 60 ~ 70% Davila Burge & Hammen 1997 Senchak Leonard 1992 & Hazan Shaver Hiester Nortstrom & Swenson 2009 Simpson et al. RQ 2003 AAS ECR Buist Reitz Dekovic 2008 9 6 2 0. 24 0.

3 Scharfe 2007 Cozzarelli et al Stansfeld et al Cozzarelli et al Buist Reitz & Dekovic 2008 Fraley Vicary Brumbaugh & Roisman 2011 Fiori Consedine & Magai 2009 Jain & Labouvie-Vief 2010 Stansfeld Head Bartley & Fonagy 2008 Davila Zhang Sargent Labouvie-Vief % 5% McCarthya Maughan Baldwin Bowlby Waters Weinfield & Hamilton 2000 Baldwin Keelan Fehr Enns & Koh-Rangarajoo 2 ~

Labouvie-Vief 2010 Stansfeld Head Bartley & Fonagy 2008 Davila Zhang Sargent 2003 8 Labouvie-Vief 2004 6 2% 5%

4 Davila Sargent 2003 Schmidt & Welsh 2010 Simpson et al Whiffen Davila Kashy Collins & Feeney 2004 Ditzena et al Karremans Heslenfeld van Dillen & Van Lange Shorey & Snyder 2006 Tasca Balfour Ritchie & Bissada 2007 Simpson et al Zhang 2009 Davila Cobb 2003 Ditzena et al Karremans et 6 1 al Schmidt & Welsh 2010 Whiffen 2005 Davila Burge & Hammen

2008 Karremans Heslenfeld van Dillen & Van Lange 2011 90 Shorey & Snyder 2006 Tasca Balfour Ritchie &

5 Collins & Feeney 2004 Davila & Sargent 2003 Karremans et 4. 2 al GCBT GPIP Shorey & Snyder 2006 Tasca et al Davila & Kashy 2009 Holland & Roisman Scharfe 2007 Ditzena et al adolescence. Child Development Fiori Consedine & Magai 2009 Jain & Labouviestyle ratings. Vief 2010 Stansfeld et al Eds. Davila & Cobb 2003 and anger. New York Basic Books. Leung Moore Karnilowicz & Lung 2011 Li Connolly Jiang Pepler & Craig Personal Relationships Allen J. P. McElhaney K. B. Kuperminc G. P. & Jodl K. M Stability and change in attachment security across Baldwin M. W. & Fehr B On the instability of attachment Journal of Social and Personal Psychology Baldwin M. W. Keelan J. P. R. Fehr B. Enns V. & Koh- Rangarajoo E Social-cognitive conceptualization of attachment working models Availability and accessibility effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bartholomew K. & Horowitz L. M Attachment styles among young adults A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Brennan K. A. Clerk & Shaver P Self-report measurement of adult attachment An integrative overview. In J. Simpson & W. S. Rholes Attachment theory and close relationships. New York Guilford. Bowlby J Attachment and loss Vol. 1. Attachment. New York Basic Books. Bowlby J Attachment and loss Vol. 2. Separation Anxiety Buist K. L. Reitz E. & Dekovic M Attachment stability and change during adolescence A longitudinal application of the social relations model. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships Collins N. L. & Read S. J Cognitive representations of attachment The structure and function of working models. Advances in Collins N. L. & Feeney B. C Working models of

Vief 2010 Stansfeld et al. 2008-552. 4. 3 Eds. Davila & Cobb 2003 and anger. New York Basic Books.

6 attachment shape perceptions of social support Evidence from experimental and observational studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Cozzarelli C. Karafa J. A. Collins N. L. & Tagler M. J Stability and change in adult attachment styles Associations with personal vulnerabilities life events and global construal of self Karremans J. C. Heslenfeld D. J. van Dillen L. F. & Van and others. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology Lange P. A. M Secure attachment partners attenuate 346. neural responses to social exclusion An fmri investigation. Crowell J. A. Treboux D. & Waters E Stability of International Journal of Psychophysiology attachment representations the transition to marriage. Developmental Klohnen E. C. & Bera S Behavioral and experiential Psychology patterns of avoidantly and securely attached women across adulthood a Davila J. Burge D. & Hammen C Why does attachment style change Journal of Personality and Social Psychology year longitudinal perspective. Psychology Journal of Personality and Social Davila J. Karney B. R. & Bradbury T. N Attachment change processes in the early years of marriage. Journal of Personality Leung C. Moore S. Karnilowicz W. & Lung C. L Romantic relationships relationship styles coping strategies and psychological distress among Chinese and Australian young adults. and Social Psychology Davila J. & Cobb R. J Predicting change in self-reported and interviewer-assessed adult attachment Tests of the individual difference and life stress models of attachment change. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Davila J. & Sargent E The meaning of life events predicts changes in attachment security. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Davila J. & Kashy D. A Secure base processes in couples Daily associations between support experiences and attachment security. Journal of Family Psychology Ditzena B. Schmidt S. Strauss B. Nater U. M. Ehlert U. & Heinrichs M Adult attachment and social support interact to reduce psychological but not cortisol responses to stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research Fraley R. C Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of developmental mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review Fraley R. C. & Brumbaugh C. C A dynamical systems approach to conceptualizing and studying stability and change in attachment security. In W. S. Rholes & J. Simpson Eds. Adult attachment theory research and clinical implications. New York Guilford. Fraley R. C. Vicary A. M. Brumbaugh C. C. & Roisman J. I Patterns of stability in adult attachment An empirical test of two models of continuity and change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Hazan C. & Shaver P Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Hiester M. Nordstrom A. & Swenson L. M Stability and change in parental attachment and adjustment outcomes during the first semester transition to college life. Journal of College Student Development Holland A. S. & Roisman G. I Adult attachment security and young adults dating relationships over time Self-reported observational and physiological evidence. Developmental Psychology Jain E. & Labouvie-Vief G Compensatory effects of emotion avoidance in adult development. Biological Psychology 84 Social Development Li Z. H. Connolly J. Jiang D. Pepler D. & Craig W Adolescent romantic relationships in China and Canada A cross-national comparison. International Journal of Behavioral Development McCarthya G. & Maughan B Negative childhood experiences and adult love relationships The role of internal working models of attachment. Attachment & Human Development Scharfe E. & Cole V Stability and change of attachment representations during emerging adulthood An examination of mediators and moderators of change. Personal Relationships Scharfe E Cause or consequence exploring causal links between attachment and depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology Schmidt C. K. & Welsh A. C College adjustment and subjective well-being when coping with a family member s illness. Journal of Counseling and Development Senchak M. & Leonard K. E Attachment styles and marital adjustment among newlywed couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships Simpson J. A. Rholes W. S. Campbell L. & Wilson C. L Changes in attachment orientations across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Shorey H. S. & Snyder C. R The role of adult attachment styles in psychopathology and psychotherapy outcomes. Review of General Psychology Stansfeld S. Head J. Bartley M. & Fonagy P Social position early deprivation and the development of attachment. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology Tasca G. Balfour L. Ritchie K. & Bissada H Change in attachment is associated with improved depression among women with binge eating disorder. Psychotherapy Theory Research Practice Training

F. & Van and others. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 22 3 315 - Lange P. A. M. 2011. Secure attachment partners attenuate 346. neural responses to social exclusion An fmri investigation.

7 Waters E. Merrick S. Treboux D. Crowell J. & Albersheim L Attachment security in infancy and early adulthood A twenty-year longitudinal study. Child Development Waters E. Weinfield N. S. & Hamilton C. E The stability of attachment security from infancy to adolescence and early adulthood General discussion. Child Development Whiffen V. E The role of partner characteristics in attachment insecurity and depressive symptoms. Personal Relationships Zhang F. & Labouvie-Vief G Stability and fluctuation in adult attachment style over a 6-year period. Attachment & Human Development Zhang F The relationship between state attachment security and daily interpersonal experience. Journal of Research in Personality Bond M. H. Friedman M. Ching C The Stability of Attachment in Adulthood WANG Yan WANG Da-hua Institute of Developmental Psychology Beijing Normal University Beijing Abstract Bowlby s attachment theory holds that the internal working models of attachment developed during childhood can influence the behavior in the interpersonal relations in future. As a result adult attachment style laid down early years is able to persist and this continuity of adult attachment can be shown by the stability of adult attachment style in different time. During the past 2 decades researches using different kinds of measurements have demonstrated that adult attachment is relatively stable. However researchers have become interested in attachment instability and proposed life-stress model social-cognitive model and individual-difference model to describe the predictors of attachment style change. Though there have been many researches about the stability of adult attachment some aspect need to be improved further. Key words adulthood stability of attachment life-stress model social-cognitive model individualdifference model 448

The role of partner characteristics in attachment insecurity and depressive symptoms. Personal Relationships 12 3 407-423. Zhang F. & Labouvie-Vief G. 2004.

1988 Demo & Acock 1988 Demo & Acock Richard & Cynthia % 1996 Feigelman

(Madonna) (Nicole Kidman) (Meg Ryan) (Angelina Jolie) 25 30 2006 2006 1 1988 Demo & Acock 1988 Demo & Acock Richard & Cynthia 1993 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1995 60 33% 1996 Feigelman 2001 2 Fergusson, Lynskey, &