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2 ( ppm Peterson et al., 1999; Wegmann and Smithies, 1966 SRBC B1 Saleh et al., 2009 European Commission Regulations, 1998 Mikulski et al., 2008 Guo et al., 2003 Jamroz et al., 2003; Jamroz et al., 2003.Dorman and Deans, 2000 Sahin et al., 2003 Ghannadi, 2002 Agaricus bisporus Guo et al., 2004a,b Agaricus bisporus Giannenas et al., 2010; Satureja hortensis

3 Table 1. Effect of dietary mushroom and savory supplementation on Japanese quail performance (total period) Treat FI* (g) BW (g) FCR PI Li (%) Control c c a 97.2 Mushroom, % bc b bc Mushroom, % c bc ab Savory, % a a c 98.7 Savory, % b b bc Antibiotic b ab bc P-value SEM a d Means with different superscripts within the column are significantly different (P<0.05) * FI: Feed intake, BW: Body Weight, FCR: Feed Conversion Ratio, PI: Production Index, Li :Liveability Giannenas Guo et al., 2003 et al., 2010 Kavyani et al., 2012 Daneshmand et al., 2011 Kreydiyyeh et al., 2000 AOAC AOAC, 1990 Jenway Genova MK3, UK Huang et al., 2005 SAS SAS, 1990 ANOVA P< P>

4 P> Cross et al., 2007 Lee, 2003 Lee, 2003 Giannenas et al., 2010 Mountzouris et al., 2010 P> Zamani et al., 2007; Ghalamkari et al., 2011 Willis et al., 2002 Apajalahti et al., 2004 Demir et al., 2008 P>

5 DCPDOM DAshDEE Table 2. Effect of dietary mushroom and savory supplementation on apparent digestibility of organic matter (DOM), crude protein (DCP), ether extract (DEE) and ash (DAsh) Treat DOM (%) DCP (%) DEE (%) Dash (%) Control Mushroom, % Mushroom, % Savory, % Savory, % Antibiotic P-value SEM a d Means with different superscripts within the column are significantly different (P<0.05) SRBC ND Table 3. Effect of dietary mushroom and savory supplementation on antibody titer against SRBC and New Castle (ND) vaccine and relative immune organ weight of Japanese quail (gram per 100 gram of body weight) Treat SRBC ND SpW * BuW ** Control 3.00 c abc Mushroom, % c bc Mushroom, % a ab Savory, % ab a Savory, % abc abc Antibiotic 4.00 bc c P-value SEM a d Means with different superscripts within the column are significantly different (P<0.05) SRBC: Sheep red blood cell, ND: Newcastle disease, * SpW: Spleen relative weight, ** BuW: Bursa relative weight Tampieri et al., 2005 Takahashi et al., 2000 Yu and Zhu, 2000 Yuan et al., 1993 Pang et al., 2000 P< Picker and Siegelman, 1999 Cyster, 2005 P< Skandamis and Nychas, 2001 E A

6 Guo et al., 2004 Association of Official Analytical Chemists In: Helrich, K. (Ed.), Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC., 15th ed. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA. Apajalahti J., Kettunen A. and Graham H Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbial communities, with special reference to the chicken. World s Poultry Science Journal, 60: Cross D. E., Mc Devitt R. M., Hillman K. and Acamovic T The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance,dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. British Poultry Science, 48: Cyster J. G Chemokines, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs. Annual Review of Immunology, 23: Daneshmand A., Sadeghi G. H., Karimi A. and Vaziry A Effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) with and without probiotic on growth performance and some blood parameters of male broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 170: Demir E., Kilinc K., Yildirim Y., Dincer F. and Eseceli H Comparative effects of mint, sage, thyme and flavomycin in wheatbased broiler diets. Archiva Zootechnica, 11(3): Dorman H. J. D. and Deans S. G Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 83: European Commission Regulations (EC) No. 2821/98 of 17 December 1998 Amending withdrawal of the authorization of certain antibiotics. Amending Council Directive 70/524/EC Concerning Additives in Feeding Stuffs, OJ L 351/4, pp: 1 5. Ghalamkari G. R., Toghyani M., Tavalaeian E., Landy N., Ghalamkari Z. and Radnezhad H Efficiency of different levels of Satureja hortensis L. (Savory) in comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter on performance, carcass traits, immune responses and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(61): Ghannadi A Composition of the essential oil of Satureja hortensis L. seeds from Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research,14: Giannenas I., Tontis D., Tsalie E., Chronis E. F., Doukas D. and Kyriazakis I Influence of dietary mushroom Agaricus bisporus on intestinal morphology and microflora composition in broiler chickens, Research in Veterinary Science, 89(1): Guo F. C., Savelkoulz H. F. J., Kwakkel R. P., Williams B. A. and Verstegen M. W. A Immunoactive, medicinal properties of mushroom and herb polysaccharides and their potential use in chicken diets. World s Poultry Science Journal, 59: Guo F. C., Kwakkel R. P., Williams B. A., Li W. K., Li H. S., Luo J. Y., Li X. P., Wei Y. X., Yan Z. T. and Verstegen M. W. A. 2004a. Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on growth performance of broilers. British Poultry Science, 45: Guo F. C., Kwakkel R. P., Williams B. A., Parmentier H. K., Li W. K., Yang Z. Q. and Verstegen M. W. A. 2004b. Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides on cellular and humoral immune responses of Eimeria tenella-infected chickens. Poultry Science, 83: Huang R. L., Yin Y. L., Wu G. Y., Zhang T. J., Li L. L., Li M. X., Tang Z. R., Zhang J., Wang B., He J. H. and Nie X. Z Effect of dietary oligochitosan supplementation on ileal nutrient digestibility and performance in broilers. Poultry Science, 84:

7 Jamroz D., Orda J., Kamel C., Wiliczkiewicz A., Wertelecki T. and Skorupinska J The influence of phytogenic extract on performance, nutrients digestibility, carcass characteristic and gut microbial status in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Feed Science, 12: Kavyani A., Zare Shahne A., Por Reza J., Jalali Haji-abadi S. M. A. and Landy N Evaluation of dried powder of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass traits and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens. Journal of Medicine Plant Research, 6(1): Kreydiyyeh S. I., Usta J. and Copti R Effect of cinnamon, clove and some of their constituents on the NA+-K+-ATPase activity and alanine absorption in the rat jejunum. Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 38: Lee K. W., Evert H., Kappert H. J., Frehner M., Losa R. and Beynen A. C Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 44: Mikulski D., Zdunczyk Z., Jankowski J., Wiliczkiewicz A., Wertelecki T. and Skorupinska J Effects of organic acids or natural plant extracts added to diets for turkeys on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract metabolism and carcass characteristics. Journal of Animal Feed Science, 17: Mountzouris K.C., Tsitrsikos P., Palamidi I., Arvaniti A., Mohnl M., Schatzmayr G. and Fegeros K Effects of probiotic inclusion levels in broiler nutrition on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma immunoglobulins, and cecal microflora composition. Poultry Science, 89: Pang F. H., Xie M. Q. and Ling H. H The investigation of Immunodulators tested for the results on the control of a coccidial infection. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 8: 1 3. Peterson A. L., Qureshi M. A., Ferket P. R. and Fuller J. C. Jr Enhancement of cellular and humoral immunity in young broilers by the dietary supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate. Immmunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 21(2): Picker L. J. and Siegelman M. H In Fundamental Immunology, Lymphoid tissues and organs, ed, Paul, W. E. (Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA), 4: Richmond W Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. Clinical Chemistry, 19: Sahin F., Karaman I., Gulluce M., Ogutcu H., Sengul M., Adiguzel A., Ozturk S. and Kotan R Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Satureja hortensis L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 87: Saleh A., Miyang T., Ganapathy K., Zulkifli I, Raha R. and Arifah K Possible effect of antibioticsupplemented feed and environment on the occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistant E. coli in chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 8: SAS Institute Inc SAS/STAT User s Guide. Version 6, 4 ed. Vol. 2 SAS Inst., Cary, NC. Skandamis P. N. and Nychas G. J. E Effect of oregano essential oil on microbiological and physicochemical attributes of minced meat stored in air and modified atmospheres. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91: Takahashi K., Mashiko T. and Akiba Y Effects of dietary concentration of xylitol on growth in male broiler chicks during immunological stress. Poultry Science, 79: Tampieri M. P., Galuppi R., Macchioni F., Carelle M. S., Falcioni L., Cioni P. L. and Morelli I The inhibition of Candida albicans by selected essential oils and their major components. Mycopathology, 159: Wegmann T. G. and Smithies O A simple hemagglutinin system requiring small amounts of red cells and antibodies. Transfusion, 6: Willis W. L., Murray C. and Talbott C Campylobacter isolation trends of cage versus floor broiler chickens: a one-year study. Poultry Science, 81: Yu J. G. and Zhu L. Y The use of Astragalus membranacea Radi polysaccharide extract against infectious bursa in chicken. Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinarian Medicine, 6: 3-4. Yuan Y. L., Fang B. T. and Zhang Y. X Efficacy of 8301 polysaccharides as an adjuvant against avian pasteurellosis in chickens. Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, 3: Zamani Moghaddam A. K., Ghanadi A. R., Gafarian A. and Shojadoost B The effect of Satureja hortensis on performance of broiler chickens and NDHI titers. 16th European symposium on poultry nutrition, Strasburg, France.

8 Animal Production Research, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2013 (31-38) 38 Effect of feeding edible mushroom and savory on performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and immune responses of Japanese quails H. Shaykhi 1, F. Shariatmadari 2*, M. A. Karimi-Torshizi 3 1. MSc Student, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Tarbiat Modarres University. Tehran. Iran. 2. Professor, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Tarbiat Modarres University. Tehran. Iran 3. Assiatant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Tarbiat Modarres University. Tehran. Iran (Received: Accepted: ) Abstract In order to investigate the effect of edible mushroom and savory on performance and nutrients apparent digestibility and humoral immune responses 120 one-day old Japanese quail chick were used in a completely randomized design, with 6 experimental treatments, 4 replications and 5 chicks per replicate. Rearing period lasted for 5 weeks. Experimental groups were: control (with no additives), antibiotic virginiamycin (15 ppm), edible mushroom and savory, each one in 2 levels (10 and 20 g/kg). Production indices were measured weekly and were reported for entire period. In order to study the humoral immune response, 0.2 ml of Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) suspension was injected on day 28 of age and antibody titers were determined by hemaglutination assay on day 35. Also Newcastle vaccine B1 was used on day 21 for all birds and antibody titers were measured 2 weeks after vaccination. In order to measure the apparent digestibility of feed nutrients, 2 g of TiO 2 per kg of feed, as an exotic marker, was used. Results showed that final body weight and body weight gain were not affected significantly by experimental treatments (P>0.05). Usage of 1% edible mushroom in diet and 1 (661.1 g) and 2% (589.9 g) of savory increased feed intake in comparison with control group (P<0.05). Nutrient apparent digestibility was not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, supplementation of Japanese quail s feed with 1 and 2% of edible mushroom and savory had no positive effect on performance and feed apparent digestibility, but 2% of edible mushroom increased antibody titers against SRBC in comparison with antibiotic and control groups. Key words: Digestibility, Edible mushroom, Immune system, Performance, Quail, Savory *Corresponding author: shariatf@modares.ac.ir

22 Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine 2011 Vol. 43 No % 3% 3% /% % 6. 67% 1. 71% 1. 11% 0. 14% 0.

22 Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine 2011 Vol. 43 No % 3% 3% /% % 6. 67% 1. 71% 1. 11% 0. 14% 0. 2011 43 5 21 3 1 1* 1 2 3 1 1. 2. 3. 78. 68±2. 95 g 28 300 3 5 3% 3 1 ALT TP ALB AST 0. 05 P>0. 05 ALT TP ALB P>0. 05 AST 0. 05 GLOB P>0. 05 2 INS 0. 05 TSH T 3 0. 05 P>0. 05 GLU GH T4 IGF-I P>0. 05 S816.