愛媛医療大学紀要第14巻分冊05 ツツバ語の名詞（M ～ N）　内藤　真帆

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1 Nouns in Tutuba Language (M-N) Maho NAITO 愛媛県立医療技術大学紀要第 14 巻第 1 号抜粋 2017 年 12 月

2 愛媛県立医療技術大学紀要第 14 巻第 1 号 P 資料 ( 査読なし ) Nouns in Tutuba Language (M-N) Maho NAITO * ツツバ語の名詞 (M ~ N) 内藤真帆 Key Words : Vanuatu, Nouns, Dictionary, Bislama, English In the Republic of Vanuatu, there are more than 100 languages 1), and most Vanuatu people speak one of them as a mother tongue in addition to Bislama, a national language of Vanuatu. Tutuba language, a vernacular of Vanuatu, spoken in Tutuba Island has approximately 500 speakers and this is endangered 2). Though the number of speakers is declining, the previous research hasn t done, and to the best of our knowledge, Tryon et al.1) which contained about 300 vocabularies of Tutuba language, is supposed to be the only previous research. This study focuses on nouns of Tutuba vocabularies, and describes their meanings, usages, and grammatical functions with many examples in Bislama 3),4), English and Japanese. This paper will particularly focus on the vocabularies from M to N, as listed below, and this is the continuation of the paper Nouns in Tutuba Language (H-M), that will be co-published in The construction of each unit is shown as follows. 1. Tutuba word [part of speech] 2. meaning in Bislama 3. meaning in English 4. Tutuba example sentence 5. the glossary of the Tutuba example sentence 6. meaning of Tutuba example sentence in Bislama 7. meaning of Tutuba example sentence in English. In this language, subject pronoun has a realis/irrealis distinction, and the third person singular object enclitic form is =a, except after transitive verbs ending in a. In this case, the form is =e, instead. Prenasalized stops [ m b] and [ n d] are written as b, d, [ß] is written as v, and linguolabial [m ], [b ] and [v ] are written as [m ], [b ] and [v ]. Abbreviations used in this paper are as follows. 1/2/3: first person/ second person/ third person, art: article, B: Bislama, caus: causative, class: classifier, conjn: conjunction, dx: deixis, E: English, exc: exclusive, G: Gloss, imp: imperative, inc: inclusive, irr: irrealis, link: linker, n: noun, neg: negative, obj: object, pl: plural, poss: possessive, pp: preposition, r: realis, red: reduplication, ref: referential, rep: repititive, sg: singular, vt: transitive verb, =: clitic marker, -: suffix marker M mata [N] B. snek E. snake T. O=sor mata me=ev? G. 2sg.r=look snake 3sg.r=finish B. Yu luk snek finis? E. Have you ever seen a snake? mate-mate [N] B. nilgras E. mimosa pudica T. E=te=isi na mate-mate! G. 2sg.imp=neg=tough art mimosa pudica B. Yu no mas tajim nilgras! E. Don t touch the mimosa pudica! matua- [N bound noun] B. raet, raet saed E. right T. Ima-i tarina mo=to na matua-da. G. house-ref many 3pl.r=stay pp right-1pl.inc.poss B. I gat plante haos long raet saed blong yumi. E. There are a lot of houses on our right side. mavi [N] B. graon E. ground me-leŋ, me-le, me-l [N] B. em ia longwe E. that one T. Batifanua no-da ma=lavoa me=seu me-leŋ. G. village class-1pl.inc.poss 3sg.r=many 3sg.r=beat thing-dx B. Vilej blong mifala i mo bigwan bitim em ia longwe. E. Our village is bigger than that one. * Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences

3 me-nede, me-n [N] B. em ia kolosap E. this one (which is closer to addresser) T. Me-nede te me-l? G. thing-dx conjn thing-dx B. Em ia kolosap o em ia longwe? E. This one or that one? me-nei [N] B. em ia E. this one (which is closer to hearer) T. Me-nei boi ila. G. thing-dx pig wild B. Em ia wan wael pig. E. This is a wild pig. mera [N] B. man E. man T. Meli mo=boi mera lo=tuan nna. G. Meli 3sg.r=like man prog=help 3sg B. Meli i laekem man ia we i bin givhan long em. E. Meli likes a man who helped her. mere- [N bound noun] B. pispis E. urine T. Mere-m lo=si na sapat no-ku! G. urine-2sg.poss prog=go down pp sandal class-1sg.poss B. Yu, pispis i go long savat blong mi! E. Your urine is splashing on my sandals! mesa- [N bound noun] B. woman blong em E. wife T. Mesa-m mo=boi noannan malum. G. woman-2sg.poss 3sg.r=like food soft B. Woman blong yu i laekem kakae we em i sofsof. E. Your wife likes tender foods. mesu [N] B. bus E. bush T. Nno=sor mate-a e-tea na mesu nanov dodo. G. 1sg.r=look die-nmlz cdn-one conjn bush yesterday night B. Mi luk wan ded bodi long bus yestede long naet. E. I saw a dead body in the bush last night. mesu-mesu [N] B. tums bus E. wood, many bushes nabar [N] B. tede E. today T. A=te=vano lavi matan reti-reti-a-i nabar. G. 3sg.ir=neg=go must pp red-tell-nmlz-ref today B. I gat miting long tede, mekem mi no save go. E. Since there's a meeting today, he can t go out. 3sg.r=come B. Woman we mifala i tokbaot yestede i kam. E. The woman whom we talked about yesterday came over. nao- [N] B. front, fes, foret E. front T. Ae a=si a=sor Vemol na nao-n sikul. G. will 3sg.ir=go down 3sg.ir=look Vemol pp front-link school B. Bambae em i luk Vemol long foret blong sikul. E. He will see Vemol in front of the school. nao [N] B. Mi (indipendent pronoun) E. I (independent pronoun) T. Nao nno=boi Tatuba. G. 1sg 1sg.r=like Tatuba B. Mi laekem Tutuba. E. I like Tutuba. natu- [N] B. pikinini E. child T. Natu-m evisa? G. child-2sg.poss how many B. Yu kat hamas pikinini? E. How many children do you have? nede, nen, ne, n [N] B. ia E. this T. Tamoloi nen sube-ra G. person dx chief-3pl.poss B. Man ia hem i jif blong olgeta. E. This person is their chief. nei [N] B. ia E. that T. Tamoloi nei tamol dui. G. person dx man good B. Man ia i kaen. E. That person is kind. ne-na, na-natu [N] B. ples ia longwe, ia longwe, longwe E. there T. Tamoloi l ne-na, nna me=reti-reti leo-n Vuisa. G. person dx place-dx, 3sg 3sg.r=red-tell language-link Bokisa B. Man we em i stap longwe i toktok langis Bokisa. E. That person over there speaks language Bokisa. ne-nede, ne-ne, ne-n [N] B. ples ia, ia E. here T. E=ma, E=ma nene. G. 2sg.imp=come, 2sg.imp=come dx B. Yu kam, kam long ples ia. E. Come over here! nani <Bislama. nani [N] B. nani E. goat T. nani a=sun nno! G. goat 3sg.ir=headbatt 2sg B. Bambae nani i hitim yu! E. A goat may headbatt you! nanov [N] B. yestede E. yesterday T. Vavine-i do=reti sur-i=a nanov ma=mae. G. woman-ref 1pl.inc=tell pp-obj=3sg.obj yesterday ne-nei [N] B. ples ia longwe (ples ia longwe, be i no longwe tumas) E. There T. Tamoloi e-tea mo=tun ne-nei nanov dodo. G. man cdn-one 3sg.r=stand place-dx yesterday night B. Wan man i stap long ples ia longwe yestede long naet. E. A person was standing there last night

4 nentovon [N] B. nao E. now T. Ae nentovon ka=reti matan na ava-i. G. will now 1sg.ir=tell pp art turtle-ref B. Nao ia, bambae mi talem wan stori blong totel. E. I will tell you a story about the turtle now. ŋavul-e-rua [N] B. twenti E. twenty one T. Siao-m efisa? Siao-ku ŋavul-e-rua. G. year-2sg.poss how many? year-1sg.poss 10-cdn-2 B. Yu gat hamas yia? Mi gat twenti yia. E. How old are you? I am twenty. ŋavul-e-tol [N] B. teti, toti E. thirty G. 10-cdn-3 ŋavul-e-v ati [N] B. foti E. forty G. 10-cdn-4 ŋavul-e-lima [N] B. fifti E. fifty G. 10-cdn-5 ŋavul-e-ono [N] B. sixti E. sixty G. 10-cdn-6 ŋavul-e-mb itu [N] B. seventi E. seventy G. 10-cdn-7 ŋavul-oalu [N] B. eiti E. eighty G The reason why 80 is not expressed ŋavul-e-oal is, the vowel sequence eal is not used in the Tutuba language. ŋavul-e-sua [N] B. naenti E. ninty G. 10-cdn-9 niu [N] B. kokonas E. coconut T. Da=vai Vernabas a=le niu merei matan da=viri nna. G. 1pl.inc=make Vernabas 3sg.ir=take coconut some pp 1pl.inc=squeeze 3sg B. Bambae yumi mekem Vernambas i go karem samfala kokonas blong kokonas milk. E. Let s make Vernambas gather coconuts for coconut milk. nna [N] B. em (indipendent pronaun) E. he/she/it (independent pronoun) T. Nna mo=boi=o. G. 3sg 3sg.r=like=2sg.obj B. Em i laekem yu. E. He likes you. nno [N] B. yu (indipendent pronaun) E. you (independent pronoun) T. Nno o=loso me=ev? G. 2sg 2sg.r=take a shower 3sg. r=finish B. Yu swim finis? E. Have you taken a shower? noannan [N] B. kakae E. food T. Ka=va ka=l te noannan G. 1sg.ir=go 1sg.ir=take art food B. Bambae mi go blong karem samfala kakae. E. I will go to get us food. no-baro [N] B. niu samting ( no i minim ting, mo baro i minim niu. No-baro mo ino=baro ol i minim samak.) E. new something ( no- means thing, and baro means new. inobaro is the combination of ino and baro. No-baro has the same meaning as for the ino=baro.) T. Me-l no-baro. G. thing-dx thing-new B. Samting ia longwe em i niu wan. E. That is a new one. no-lavoa [N] B. big something ( no i minim ting, mo lavoa i minim bigfala. No-lavoa mo ino=lavoa ol i minim samak.) E. big something ( no- means thing, and lavoa means big. No-lavoa has the same meaning as for the ino=lavoa.) T. Arvi-tamaute-i no-lavoa! G. rat-foreigner-ref thingbig B. Buskat ia i bigwan! E. That cat is the big one! no-mena [N] B. sweet something ( no i minim ting, mo mena i minim sweet. No-mena mo ino=mera ol i minim samak.) E. sweet something ( no- means thing, and mena means sweet. No-lavoa has the same meaning as for the ino=mena.) T. Mesa-ku mo=boi no-mena talsea. G. woman-1sg.poss 3sg.r=like thing-sweet too much B. Woman blong mi i laekem samting we swit tumas. E. My wife likes the sweets very much. no-vorvor [N] B. smol something ( no i minim ting, mo vorvor i minim smolsmol. No-vorvor mo ino=vorvor ol i minim samak.) E. very small something ( no- means thing, and vorvor means very small. No-vorvor has the same meaning as for the ino=vorvor.) T. Arvi-tamaute-i no-vorvor! G. rat-foreigner-ref thingvery small B. Buskat ia i smalsmal one! E. That cat is the very small one! novar [N] B. pikinini we ol i gat tri yia kasem twelve E. childen aged about three to twelve T. O=davsai na isa-n novar-i G. 2sg.r=know art namelink children ageed three to twelve-ref B. Yu save name blong pikinini ia? E. Do you know this child s name? Reference 1)Tryon DT(1976):New Hebrides Languages: An Internal Classification. Pacific Linguistics 2)Lynch J, Crowley T(2001):Languages of Vanuatu: A New Survey and Bibliography. Pacific Linguistics 3)Crowley T(1995):A New Bislama Dictionary. The University of the South Pacific 4)Crowley T(2003):A New Bislama Dictionary, 2nd edition. The University of the South Pacific

5 5)Naito M(2016) : Nouns in Tutuba Language (A-H). Bulletin of Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 13, Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to Tutuba language speakers. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP16H Conflicts of Interest The author has no conflict of interest directly relevant to the content of this article. 要旨本資料は, ヴァヌアツ共和国のツツバ語を辞書形式で記録したものであるヴァヌアツ共和国では83の島々において100もの現地語が話されており, 本資料のツツバ語は話者数が500 人に満たず, 消滅が危ぶまれる言語の一つであるこれまでに孤島ツツバ島で話されるツツバ語が研究の対象とされることはなく, したがって先行研究も筆者のものを除いてはほとんど存在しなかったこうした消滅危機の状況と先行研究の乏しさを踏まえ, 本資料は記録と保存を目指してツツバ語を辞書の形式で記録したものである本資料で扱う語彙は,MとNの音で始まる名詞であり, これらはすべて2001 年から現在までに, ツツバ島で定期的に行った現地調査のデータをもとに抽出している本稿では, これを1. ツツバ語の語彙 [ 品詞 ] 2. ビスラマ語における意味 3. 英語における意味 4. ツツバ語例文 5. ツツバ語例文のグロス 6. ツツバ語例文のビスラマ語訳 7. ツツバ語例文の英語訳の順番で記している

紀要14-別冊表紙2.indd

紀要14-別冊表紙2.indd Nouns in Tutuba Language (H-M) Maho NAITO 愛媛県立医療技術大学紀要第 14 巻第 1 号抜粋 2017 年 12 月愛媛県立医療技術大学紀要第 14 巻第 1 号 P.19-22 2017 資料 ( 査読なし ) Nouns in Tutuba Language (H-M) Maho NAITO * ツツバ語の名詞 (H ~ M) 内藤真帆 Key Words

愛媛医療大学紀要 第14巻 分冊05 ツツバ語の名詞（M ～ N） 内藤 真帆

愛媛医療大学紀要第14巻分冊05 ツツバ語の名詞（M ～ N）　内藤　真帆