A B C D A B S S
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1 1 JIAOCAI DONGTAI QUANJIE 课 标内容全解
2 A B C D A B S S
3 S A B A B S S A B A S B S A B A B A B C D D 3 A B C D D c = m/s 3
4 m/s 课 标内容全解 4 2 h m A 2 2 h 360 = B B R COC = cos 30 A C B BC = OC - R m O m M MN d = 10 m T = 60 s MN 45 Δt = 2 5 s Δt M Δφ = Δt 360 = 15 T N Δt MN N 2 M N l 1 v 1 = l 1 Δt l 1 = dtan 45 - tan 30 v 1 = dtan 45 - tan 30 v Δt 1 = 1 7 m/s
5 5 2 N Δt MN l 2 v 2 = l 2 Δt l 2 = dtan 60 - tan 45 v 2 = dtan 60 - tan 45 v Δt 2 = 2 9 m/s B A B A C A B B' C B A D C 6 A B C D
6 6 A A B C B b c a C D A D S H AB S B AB v t S Δ 1 Δ 2 Δ 1 A Δ 1 S A Δ 2 Δ 2 H B B Δx 1 6
7 7 = Δx 2 Δy 2 = 3Δy 1 Δy 1 = 1 a 2 Δy 1 + Δy 2 = a + b a = b a a + b = Δl Δl 1 Δl 1 + Δl 1 = Δl 2 2 H = 1 2H 2 gt2 t = 槡 g v t = H gh = t 槡 arccos 1 = arccos 1 = arccos 1 5 = A D C O DE R cos AOC = R 216R = AOC = 89 5 cos AOD = R 6R = 1 AOC = DOE = = 18 ) Δt = min = 72 min 360 B D E C
8 8 课 标内容全解 s 2 A B C D 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 5 1' m α < 1' α 1 m m 2 m 6 m 7 A B C D A 7 5 A A l B 8
9 R = 9 9 θ T ρ R m r R r θ θ cm 1 mm 0 5 mm r 0 = 3 7 mm G = Nm 2 /kg 2 课 标内容全解 km v m/s 2 D 3 C D 4 A m tan 1' = 1 m s 6 9 m 7 A B D 9
10 l π A B r = R l r 10
11 11 课 标内容全解 N A B θ1 θ 1 1 O θ2 C N 1 AO OB OC θ 1 θ 1 ' θ sin θ 1 2 = n sin θ θ 1 θ 1 θ 1 3 θ 2 3 θ 1 θ 2 n = sin θ 1 sin θ 2 11
12 12 n = c v n > 1 θ 1 > θ n θ 1 θ 2 n 3 n = sin θ 1 n = c sin θ 2 v θ2 45 θ n = sin θ 2 sin 60 = sin θ 1 sin 45 = 槡 6 2 n = c v v = c n = 槡 6 2 m/s = 2 44 m/s m/s θ 2 = 90 - θ 1 θ 1 θ1θ 1 30 n = c v = θ = 槡 3 n = sin θ 2 n sin θ sin θ 1 = cos θ m16 cm 9 cm 1
13 2 H = 16 cm d = cm AB h = 9 cm B θ 1 d D 1 sin θ 1 = B 槡 d h sin θ d 2 = 槡 d H n = sin θ 1 d 2 + H 2 = sin θ 2 d 2 2 槡 + h = v = c n = m/s θ 1 θ 2 H A A 13 B C D A C D B 课 标内容全解 R 槡 3 AB AB B AB
14 14 A O B θ2 A C D 2 θ θ O θ B B C BCBC OC θ 2θ sin 2θ = sin θ 槡 3θ = 30 AB CD = Rsin 2θ = 槡 3 2 R 14 槡 3 2 R sin θ 1 槡 3 60 sin θ 2 = n 60 A O 60 A O θ 1 θ 2 B C BC BC OB A B α β 1
15 15 2 n = 槡 6 α 2 0 α 90 β 1 β n = sin α sin α = n sin γ sin γ 1 sin β n = sin90 - γ = sin β cos γ sin β = n cos γ sin 2 α + sin 2 β = n 2 n = 槡 sin 2 α + sin 2 β ( ) 21 sin 2 β = n 2 - sin 2 α sin 2 β = 槡 sin 2 α = sin2 α 0 α 90 0 sin 2 α 1 sin 2 β = 1 2 γ sin β 槡 2 2 β 45 β n = sin θ 1 = c sin θ 2 v n 1 1 n 2 2 sin θ 1 ' sin θ 2 ' n' = sin θ 1' sin θ 2 ' = v 1 v 2 = v 1 c v 2 c = n 2 2 n n 1 = 槡 3 2 n 2 = 槡
16 16 sin 60 sin θ 1 = = 1 n 1 2 θ 1 = sin θ 1 = n 槡 = sin θ 2 n 1 槡 3 = 槡 2 2 θ 2 = 45 sin θ 3 2 = n sin θ 2 θ 3 = n 21 = n 2 = 槡 2 n θ1 A B C D B A B A' A 1 AB B B B A' B θ1 θ2 θ2 θ A B C D
17 C 17 课 标内容全解 1 A sin θ 1 = n sin θ 2 B sin θ 1 = n sin θ 2 C n = c v D A bo B ao C co D Ob O A P A A P B P M C P N D P M N A O O O O A B C D
18 d A A B A AB C C B 1 4 d n = v = m/s 6 h n B C d = cm l = 20 cm n = 槡 A A km km A 20 km
19 19 A 5 h B 5 s C 5 s D 50 s 19
20 20 A B B A θ O A B C D AO θ OB s B' A 30 AB AC 30 A 30 S θ1 A θ2 O B C n d SS SA θ S l 20
21 21 13 n a b 课 标内容全解 1 C D n v v = λff v λ n v λ 2 A B D ao Ob Oc 3 B 4 C 5 槡 槡 nv = c n v S S' h' = OS' θ 1 θ 2 sin θ 1 tan θ 1 sin θ 2 tan θ 2 OA sin θ 1 = 1 sin θ 2 n tan θ 1 = 1 tan θ 2 n = OS = OS' OA OS = h' h OS' h' = h n B S θ1 S O θ2 B A θ2 θ θ3 2 2 θ
22 θ 1 = θ 3 2A B C 1 10 sc tan θ 2 11 槡 3 AC nd cos θ 1 12 l = θ 2 S n 2 sin2 θ1 槡 l l l 1 = S t cos θ 1 = 1 c cos θ 1 c d l 2 = cos θ 2 nd t 2 = c cos θ 2 nd l = cos θ 2 cos θ 1 sin θ 1 = n sin θ 2 13 a < b n S = πn2 a 2 a b n S = πb2 θ1 R S = πr O sin θ 1 = n sin θ 2 sin θ 2 = R b sin θ 2 = a R = na b θ2 a < b n S = πn 2 a 2 a b n S = πb 课 标内容全解 1 22
23 C sin 90 n = sin C sin C = 1 n
24 O A B C D 90 B C D 2 d n r S D Δ A C SA C Δr = d tan C = d sin C cos C sin C = 1 n cos C = 槡 n 2-1 n Δr = d 槡 n 2-1 d R = r + Δr = r + 槡 n 2-1 O S
25 25 3 R O 槡 2 45 MN M O N MN MN
26 O MN MN 11 3 MN θ1 2 MN O 45 θ 1 = 90 sin θ 2 = sin θ 1 = 槡 2 n 2 M θ 2 = 45 = 槡 2 2 R 3 MN O MN OE = R sin θ 2 1 θ2 E N AOB 1 O B 4 O 槡 2 45 OA AB OB OA AB AB O θ n = sin45 sinθ n = 槡 2 θ = 30 P AB Q C sinc = 1 n C = 45 PQO α = C - θ = 15 A O θ β C P AQ AB β = 90 - α - θ = AB 90 = n = Oa = 6 cm Oa B
27 ab sinc = 1 n n = 2 C = 30 4 O Oc Oe = 2 3 > 1 2 ab Oec > 30 Ob Od Of = 1 3 < 1 ab Ofd < 30 ab O 2 C = 30 Oa ab ab P P P ab ab Pb Pb 30 ) ) l = πR = 1 2π 6 cm = πcm 12 P 课 标内容全解 4 R Ⅰ Ⅱ O Ⅰ a O Ⅱ Ⅰ b R MN d Od = R M O N 4 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅱ θ 1 θ 2 bod
28 28 bd = 槡 Ob 2 + Od 2 = 槡 17 4 R sin θ 2 = Od bd = 槡 sin θ 1 = n sin θ sin θ 1 = 槡 n ⅠⅡ O sin θ 1 = 1 n 槡 n = 1 n n = 槡 ABC n = 槡 3 A= 90 B = 30 BC AB AC BC 30 B C AB θ 1 = θ 2 sinθ 2 = sinθ 1 n = 1 2 θ 2 = 30 A (1) θ1 1 AC AC θ 3 (2) θ 1 θ2 θ 3 θ4 θ 3 = 60 sinc = 1 n = 槡 3 3 C < 60 B C AC 60 BC BC BC BC θ 4 = 60 BC 60 AC θ 1 θ A 2 1> 2 θ2> θ1 n 1 n A n 0 A θ θ' θ1 A 2 28
29 ( ) θ 1 = π - θ' 2 arcsin n 2 n1 θ = θ c = arcsin 29 槡 n n2 ( n ) θ < θ c θ c n 0 n 1 n 2 n 0 = 1θ c = arcsin n 2 2 槡 1 - n2 R N A = n 0 sin θ c = 槡 n n2 2 μm θ 1 θ1 θ θ 2
30 30 θ 2 n n = sinθ 1 sinθ sinθ 1 = nsinθ 2 2 CsinC = 1 n sinθ 2 = sinθ 1 = sinθ n 1 sinc θ 1 < 90 sinθ 1 < 1 sinθ 2 < sinc θ 2 < C θ 2 θ 2 课 标内容全解 CD C 1 30 AB CD θ1 AB A AB CD 2 3 θ 1 4 A 1 B 23 C 234 D n = 槡 2 N θ 1 θ1 A θ 1 > 45 B θ 1 θ 2 45 C θ 2 = 30 θ 1 = 45 M D θ 1 = tan - 1 槡 a b θ A B θ a C θ b θ < 90 D θ a b B D
31 31 4 A B C D 31 5 A B C D 6 A B C D A B C A v A v B v C B A v A > v B > v C B v A > v C > v B C v A < v C < v B D v C > v A > v B C A B C D 9 97 A B 48 5 C D A B C
32 32 A A B B C B D 45 A B C 槡 θ 1 A θ 1 > 60 B θ 1 θ θ1 O θ2 A B C θ 2 = arctan D O A P P B P P C D P O R R n = 2 0 A B C O R 2 D l n c
33 33 课 标内容全解 1 A 2 B C D A θ 2 = 45 sin θ 1 = nsin θ 2 = 槡 2 sin 45 = 1 θ 1 = 90 B θ 2 = 30 sin θ 1 = nsin θ 2 = 槡 2 sin 30 = 槡 2 2 θ 1 = 45 C θ 1 + θ 2 = 90 n = sin θ 1 sin θ 1 = sin θ 2 sin90 - θ 1 = sin θ 1 cos θ 1 = tan θ 1 tan θ 1 = 槡 2 θ 1 = arctan 槡 2 D 3 A D A a b a b B C 4 A 5 D 6 B C 7 B n = c v 8 C D 9 B C D C B A B C 11 B C D 槡 3 3 < 槡 B C D n = sin θ 2 sin θ 1 13 C D 14 n2 l c 33
34 34 课 标内容全解 θ AB AC BC A θ A B C B C ABC A 60 AB BC δ = 30 34
35 35 A A B δ C δ α θ γ B C γ = = 30 θ = 1 2 δ = 15 α θ + γ = 45 α = 45 γ = 30 n 1 sin α = n 2 sin γ n 1 = 1 n = sin α sin 45 = = sin γ sin 30 槡 2 槡 BC AB AC 30 n B θ 1 = n sin 60 = n sin θ 2 AC α = 90 - θ 2 AC sin α 1 n 2 sin α = cos θ 2 = 槡 1 - sin 2 sin 60 3 θ2 = 1 - 槡 ( n ) = 1-2 槡 4n n 槡 7 2 槡 θ1 θ2 A α C AC AC A B C
36 n < n < n < n < n < n < n v = n c v > v > v > v > v > v > v 4 平行光管 S S C T E E 标度管 C 望远镜 T E A B C D D D C θ A θ 1 A A B B 36
37 37 C B E A D B θ θ1 F EG GF B θ 1 = G B 37 0 EG θ FG B A B A B OP A AO B AO C AO D AO B A AO BO O AO BO P AO BO AO BO v = c n A A d A d B a b d C a b d D a b d
38 38 a b O 1 O 2 a b d a b d O1 O2 B C B A C A B 全反射棱镜 % α 38
39 A α B α C 2α D 39 39
40 40 C 2 C 2 1 A B α 1 A B A α 1 AC α α AB AB BC 45 AC AC AC 2' 1 D 课 标内容全解 ABC α = 30 P BCO H = AB AB H 2 BO = 槡 3 2 H A α θ1 θ2 P D B C O E
41 41 3 1AC θ 1 = α = 30 AD BCO BO = OE = 槡 3 2 H OED = 30 θ 2 = n = sin θ 2 = sin θ 1 E OD = H 2 OD tan OED = OE = 槡 幑幐 λ 幑幐 ν 幑幐 θ 幑幐 n 幑幐 v a b A a B b C a D a b θ 1 θ a > θ b n = sin θ 1 n sin θ a < n b n v ν 2 v a > v b ν a < ν b sin C = 1 θ 1 n c a > c b B D θ 1 B D 9 41 O O n = sin θ 1 sin θ 2
42 M a b a A C b a α 30 BC MN α B N l = 槡 3 cm AB 2 槡 3 cm a b MN 槡 2 槡 3 a b AB AB BC 30 n = sin θ 1 sin θ 2 sin i 1 = 槡 2 sin 30 sin i 2 = 槡 3 sin
43 DOO' FD EOO' GE M A C D 2 DF = EG = OO' = 槡 3 E cos 30 = 4 cm EH = 4 + 槡 3 tan 45 O F G = 4 + 槡 3 cm FH = 槡 3 tan 60 = 3 cm EF = EH - FH = 槡 3 + 1cm H αo DF EG EF B N a EF 槡 3 + 1cm b DF 4 cm 0 n = 1 8 ~ ABCD ADB BDC CDA ABC A D B C
44 44 课 标内容全解 1 A B C D α 1 α 2 AB β 1 = β 2 A A B B A B C B A A α1 B α2 D A β 1 β 2 B A B C D BC AB bc b AC A AC M O B C N MN 44 > = < v v
45 > =< n 45 n > = < A B C A B C D OO' A OO' A O O B OO' P P B A A B B A B C A B D B A D θ = A θ θ 1 θ1 B C A 45
46 46 B C D 11 A B C D AC A AC B C B C D A B C D 2 A B C D B C D 课 标内容全解 1 A C 2 D i A > i B β 1 = β 2 n A = sin β 1 n sin i B = sin β 2 n A sin i A < B n B ν A < ν B λ A > λ B v A > v B C A > C B 3 B D < < > 7 D 8 D 9 A C D 46
47 47 10 A AB AC AC AC θ = AC A 11 D h' = h n 槡 B C D 2 B D 32 C 课 标内容全解 1 2 θ 2 n = sin θ 1 sin θ aa' AO O aa' NN' 3 aa' bb' 4 AO P 1 P 2 bb' P 3 P 3 P 1 P 2 θ 1 47
48 48 5 bb' P 4 P 4 N A P 3 P 1 P 2 P1 θ1 P 2 O 6 P 3 P 4 P 3 P 4 N θ2 O'B bb' O' O O' OO' θ O 1 = AON θ 2 = O'ON' P3 7 θ 1 θ 2 P sin θ 1 sin θ 1 sin θ 2 sin θ P 1 P 2 P 2 O P 4 P 3 O' 2 θ cm 6 n = sin θ 1 sin θ 2 1 O N A AO C OO' OO' C C D C D NN' NN' α O C' D' CC' DD' β sin α = CC' CO DD' sin β = DO D CO = DO n 1 = sin α sin β = CC' DD' N D O P 3 48
49 2 n = sin α sin β sin β = 1 sin α n 49 sin α sin β O sinα kk = 1 n n = 1 k 课 标内容全解 1 sinβ P 1 P 2 P 1 P 2 P2 P 1 P 3 P 4 P 3 P 3 P 1 P 2 P 4 P 3 P 1 P n = F A P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 θ1 G E θ2 P2 O P 1 2 θ C 1 θ 2 H P 3 EF OE GH OG P 4 B 3 n = sin θ 1 = EF sin θ 2 GH OG OE P 4 2 aa' bb' AB A' B' AB A' B' θ 1 θ 1 ' θ 2 θ 2 ' n θ 1 aa' bb' 49
50 50 θ 2 n = sin θ 1 n sin θ 2 A θ1 A B P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 B aa' bb' θ1 P 1 P 2 P 3 P M O N MN 21 2 O O 1 2 A B 1 2 MN BO AO AOB 1 2 AOB = α n = sin α
51 51 O S S α r h S r sinα = 槡 r h = 1 n n = 槡 r h r 课 标内容全解 aa' bb' 4 aa' O θ θ 2 sin θ 1 6 sin θ
52 OA sinα θ A α 1 tan θ B α 2 tan θ C α 1 cot θ 02 A O θ sin α 1 D α 2 cot θ A P 1 ab a' b' ab O O 2 P 3 P 4 M O N 3 ab a' b' 45 P a' b' P 1 P 2 B P 4 P 1 P 2 5 P 3 P 4 P 3 P 1 P 2 P 4 P 1 P 2 P 3 P O ab OAOA P 1 P 2 7 P 3 P 4 a' b' O' O' a' b' MN 8 n n = B 1 d 2 3 A 4 0 A B A C A AO P 1 P 2 B P 1 P 2 P 1 P 2 C P 3 P 4 P 3 P 4 C B
53 53 N 2 P A 1 P 2 O P P R OA P OO' R Q P Q NN' O O P' Q' Q PP' = 45 mm QQ' = 30 mm Q B N 课 标内容全解 P 1 P 4 P 1 P 2 P 3 P P 2 P 3 3 C cot θ = sin α = = 1 05 > 1n = cot θ sin α α 槡 2 A P1 P2 O AC CB 6 d2 2 槡 + AC E 槡 d CB O 6 1 P 3 P 1 P 2 P 4 P 3 P 3 P4 P 1 P B PP' 2 n = sin θ 1 R = = PP' = 45 = sin θ 2 QQ' QQ' 30 R 53
54 54 s - t v - t U - I B C ABC n 1 n 2 AC A= 30 AC l MN 30 1 A 2 MN d AB AB AC β 1 β 2 n 2 > n 1 β 2 > β n 1 sin 30 = sin β 1 n 2 sin 30 = sin β 2 B C M N sin β 1 = n 1 2 sin β 2 = n 2 2 2MN d = ltan β 2 - tan β 1 sin β 2 sin β = l - ( 1 槡 1 - sin 2 β2 槡 1 - sin 2 β ) 1 = l n 2 n ( n n ) 1 β β A
55 ABC C DE AB AC D E AB BC FG O1 DE FG A B O F 2 G 2 AB 1 1 O 1 AB O 1 ' 2 O 1 ' O 2 AB P 3 O 1 P PO 2 O 1 PO AC θ 1 = 45 θ 2 n sinθ 1 = nsinθ 2 nsinθ 2 = 槡 2 2 AB θ 3 = 45 + θ 2 sinθ 3 = sin45 + θ 2 = sin45 cosθ 2 + cos45 sinθ 2 = 槡 2 2 cosθ 2 + sinθ 2 2 1sinθ 2 = 槡 2 2n cosθ 2 = 2sinθ 3 = 槡 2 2 ( ) sin 2 2n 2-1 槡 θ2 = 2 槡 2n 2n 槡 2 槡 2n 2n = 1 2n 2 2n 槡 n = 1 2n 2n2 槡 n > 12n 槡 2-1 > 1 sinθ 3 > 1 n A O θ1 θ θ 3 AB 1 O 2 2 θ3 O1 C P B 55
56 ab a'b'a"b" a'b' a"b" a b a' b' ab a' b' ab a' b' ab a"b" ab ab ab a"b" ab a a' O 1 b b' O 2 O 1 O 2 O1 O2 a"b" 槡 2 AC BAC = 90 B = 30 A C A θ4 θ3 C B BC θ 3 = θ 4 = 60 sinc = 1 n = 槡 2 2 C = 45 θ 3 > C θ 2 = 30 槡 2 = sinθ 1 sin30 θ 1 = θ1 B θ2 30
57 h R A B A A B B C 2 h B C 30 θr θ = 360 O 24 2 = 30 B A ( ) R + h = R cos θ 2 槡 ABC θ1 A C AC AB 42 θ2 1 AB θ 2 AB 1 C = 42 B θ 2 42 θ 1 ' = 48 > C AB 2 θ 2 AB θ 1 ' θ 2 < C θ 1 ' = 90 - θ 2 < C C > 45 n 1 n = sin C > sin 45 = 槡 2 2 n < 槡 2 θ 1 57
58 58 7 n = 槡 2 θ 45 A 1 = α 11 1 B 2 α α α OC D AD DB 2 n = sin θ 1 sin θ θ1 =45 sin θ 2 = sin θ 槡 2 1 sin 45 2 = = n 槡 2 槡 2 = 1 2 θ 2 = OC AOC α 2 = θ 2 a = 4θ 2-90 α = = 30 2 A O θ2 θ2 B D α C
59 12α = 4 arcsin 槡 2 2n α α m 4 m
60 θ θ 1 θ 2 tan θ 1 = sin θ 1 tan θ 2 = sin θ 2 θ tan θ 1 sin θ 1 sin θ 1 = n sin θ 2 tan θ 1 = n = h 1 tan θ 2 h' h' = h 1 n = = 3 m H 1 = h' + h 2 = 6 m h" = nh 2 = = 4 m H 2 = h" + h 1 = 8 m ab l 0 a ab l 1 l 2 A l 1 < l 2 < l 0 B l 1 > l 2 > l C l 2 > l 1 > l 0 D l 2 < l 1 < l 0 b ab b D h' = h h n n 课 标内容全解 60
61 61 课 标内容全解 A B C D 19-1 C sin C = 1 n = 2 3 < sin 45 = 槡 2 C < 45 2 sin C = 1 n A A C AB AC P AB AB BC P Q Q Q Q' A B 19-2 θ 3 θ 4 A AB B AB C Q D Q' 19-3 AC θ 1 θ 2 BC 61
62 = θ 2 = θ n = sinθ 1 = sinθ 4 A D 45 B sinθ 2 sinθ 3 θ = θ 4 BC AB 62 θ P θ θ θ 1 C 2 Q Q' ABA AC AB BBC Q Q' D A D a b φ θ P θ > φ b A φ P θ B φ C 19-4 D A B C D D n l r A arcsin nl 槡 r l B arcsin nr 槡 r l
63 C arcsin r 槡 r l D arcsin n 63 l r 2 2 槡 + l 63
64 r sin θ θ2 1 = n sin θ 2 = n nr θ 1 = arcsin θ1 槡 n l 槡 r l nr θ 1 = arcsin 槡 r l A C B 1 ABC AC 2 3 O AB 4 O A B 4 5 6B C A C D 4 6 ACAC n = n 5n > n 6 B B 6 R 19-8 A 1 2 O θ2 θ1 1 A 2 B 60 B R O θ2 AOB = 60 n = 槡 3 D βc 1 O 19-8 d 2 d 1 1 AO B 2 θ 1 = AOB = 60 n = sin θ 1 sin 60 sin θ sin θ 2 = = 1 2 槡 2 2 θ 2 = 30 B C θ 2 ' = θ 2 = 30 C β 1 n = sin θ 2' sin β sin β = nsin θ 2' = 槡 3 2 β = R COB OC = cos 30 = 槡 3 3 R COD d = OD = OC tan90 - β= R 槡 3 3 tan 30 = 1 3 R
65 65 2 B θ 2 C O DO d a 45 n 1 = 1 5 n 2 = 槡 3 1 θ 3 θ 4 2 d sin θ 1 = nsin θ sin θ 2 = sin θ 1 = 槡 2 2 n 1 3 sin θ 3 = sin θ 1 = 槡 6 n 2 6 θ 2 = arcsin 槡 2 3 θ 3 = arcsin 槡 6 6 θ3 θ2 2 d d tan θ 2 - d tan θ 3 = a cosθ a d = cos θ 1 tan θ 2 - tan θ 3 tan θ 2 = tan arcsin 槡 2 2 ( 3 ) = 槡 7 tan θ = tan 3 arcsin 槡 ( ) = 槡 5 7 d = 槡 槡 n C 1 O 90 θ 1 2 θ 1 C sin C 3 θ 1 = C θ 2 = 90 sin 90 = 1 n sin C = 1 n 65
66 AP1 xoy M P 2 M x OA α P 1 P 2 OA P 3 O β α OA y β P3 OP 3 y OA P 3 α β OA P 1 P 2 y < 0 P 1 P 2 P 1 P 2 P 3 α β n = 1 P 1 P 2 α AO 2 y AO P 1 P 2 y < 0 P 1 P 2 3 P 3 P 3 P 3 P 1 P 2 4 n = sinβ sinα h R g T tm m S r 19 - A R 13 θ O G m m 2 2π = mr ( T ) 1 r 2 S A O S O R = rsinθ 2 66
67 t = 2θ 2π T 3 67 G m R 2 = g 4 ( ) t = T π arcsin 4π2 R 2 gt 课 标内容全解 1 A B C D 2 A B 槡 2 C D 3 A B C 1 D O O 1 2 槡 O A 1 15 B 1 30 C 2 15 D A B C D
68 n 1 n 2 A n 1 < n 2 a b B n 1 < n 2 a b C n 1 > n 2 a b D n 1 > n 2 a b a b A a B a C b D b O θ n θ1 D = D D θ2 2 1 D 2 D AB BC B α C AB AB α 90 - P Q A Q AB β P Q 19-19
69 l L = 360l β - α R O R O d n θ1 θ θ =
70 70 课 标内容全解 1 B B D 3 4 A 槡 2 B C D 3 B D B 4 B C B C 5 A 6 B 7 A D a b b A D 1 8 sin θ O θ n = 1 sin θ D C 2 B 1 α α A β β D Q 2 n = sin θ 2 ( D 1 2 ) + D = 槡 n = 1 25 sin θ 2 D 槡 2D P AB AB
71 P φ P = 90 - α Q φ Q = 90 - β πβ - αr l = 180 L = 2πR = 360lβ - α θ 1 θ 2 sin θ 1 = n sin θ 2 71 δ 1 δ 2 δ sin θ 1 = d R δ 1 = θ 1 - θ 2 δ 2 = π - 2θ 2 δ 3 = θ 1 - θ 2 δ 1 = sin - 1 d R - sin - 1 d nr δ 2 = π - 2 sin - 1 d nr δ 3 = sin - 1 d R - sin - 1 d nr θ1 θ1 θ2 θ δ1 θ2 R θ θ 2 O 2 θ2 δ3 θ θ2 θ2 δ θ 1 < 90 θ 1 = 90 sin θ 2 = sin θ 1 = 1 n n = sin C C = 48 5 θ = 2 θ 2 = 2C =
72 72 JIAOCAI DONGTAI QUANJIE 课 标内容全解 激光束 双缝 屏 明暗相间的条纹
73 S 1 S 2 S 1 S A B C D C C A B C D 73
74 74 D Δ Δ Δx d 1 d n 1 d S 1 S 2 S 1 S 2 = d l l d O S 1 S 2 O S2 δ = ± nλn = 0 S1 P 1 2 δ = ±2n + 1 λ 2 n = n = 0 O S 1 S 2 O O 2 k = ± 1 O 2 P d = 0 6 μm ν 1 = Hz ν 2 = Hz P A ν 1 P B ν 2 P C ν 1 P D ν 2 P P d = ± nλ d c = λf d = ± λ 1 = c = = 0 6 μm ν n + 1 λ 2
75
76 76 3 v = c n n c = λ 0 ν v = λν n = c v n = c v c = nv ν 0 λ 0 = nλ ν 0 = ν 0 λ 0 ν 0 肥皂液膜 λ = λ 0 = 1 ν 0 n =
77 B A A B A a b B a b C a b D a b a b C
78 78 课 标内容全解 Δx = l d λ 4 δ = ± nλn = δ = ±2n + 1 λ 2 n = Δx 1 Δx 2 A Δx 1 < Δx 2 B Δx 1 > Δx 2 C d Δx 1 D d Δx 1 Δx = l d λ l d λ λ > λ Δx = l d λ B d C B C A B C 78
79 79 D Δx 1 = l d λ Δx λ A C A C BB' AOA' O B T L M A A O S B
80 80,
81 81 1 M N P Q A N A B N B C N A 81
82 82 D N B M N M O A B N N Q P λ λ 4 λ Δ Δx Δy MON = θ Δy = λ Δ 2 θ O Δx = λ 2tanθ θ Δx = λ 2θ A θ Δx θ P B θ θ Q B C n M N θ
83 83 n θ Δx = λ 2θ ( ) 1 2 A B C D θ Δx A 课 标内容全解 A B C D 2 A B C D A B C D 4 A
84 84 B 84
85 85 C D 5 A B C D A B C D a a' A B C D 8 A B C D A 85
86 86 B C A C A B C B C S1 S S2 A S B S C S S 1 S 2 D λ O O l 课 标内容全解 d 1 B C 2 A v = c n λ = v ν 3 A D B 4 A C Δx = l d λ 5 C D 6 B 7 A A 8 B 9 B 10 l d λ Δx = l d λ 86
87 87 课 标内容全解 单色光
88 mm 0 8 mm A B C D A A A B C D 88 A C
89 A S B AB AB 3 AB
90 90 10 cm 3 A B C D 2 A C A C 90
91 91 4 A B C D A B C D A B D 课 标内容全解 5 A B C 91
92 92 D D A C 6 A B C D A
93 A B C D B C 9 A B C D C D
94 94 A B C D B D B D 课 标内容全解 1 A B C D 2 A B C D A B C D
95 95 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 8 A B C D 9 A B C D 课 标内容全解 1 A C D A B C 2 C 3 A B
96 96 6 D A D B C 7 B D A B 1 4 C D 8 C C 9 A 课 标内容全解 c c 1 A 96
97 B C 97 D B C D B C D A B C D 97
98 98 C D X
99
100 K A - + X X E A K X K A E A P X K P Q B P X A C Q X K D Q X A E A A X X K A Q D X
101 101 波长 / m γ 3 γ 射线 4 X 射线 10-8 紫外线 可见光 10-6 红外线 10-4 γ γ 10-2 微波 5 10 A γ B γ C γ D 无线电波 X γ B D A B γ C γ D γ γ
102 102 γ A C D 6 f 1 f 2 VCD f 3 X f 4 A f 1 < f 2 < f 3 < f 4 B f 1 > f 2 > f 3 > f 4 C f 1 < f 3 < f 2 < f 4 D f 3 < f 1 < f 2 < f 4 VCD f 1 < f 2 < f 3 < f 4 A A D 4X γ X γ 课 标内容全解 γ Hz 104 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ nm ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
103 103 LC 8 A B C D γ γ 1A 2D 3A 4B 5A 6C 9 1X 2 103
104 γ 7X 8 9 1X γ γ 7X X 8X % P 0 = δt 4 δ = W/m 2 K 4 R S = km T = K R = km S = 4πR 2 R m ~ m 2 3 πr 2 r 400
105 ν = c λ P ν max = Hz = Hz ν min = Hz = Hz B 105 P 0 = 4πσR 2 ST 4 P = P 0 πr 2 4πd 2 2 W= J W = 4πσR 2 ST 4 t 3 T' d P = 4πσR 2 ST 4 πr2 4πd P' = 4πσr 2 T' 4 d = 400R S P = P' T' = 204 K Hz Hz J K 11 A B C D C 课 标内容全解 A
106 106 C D 2 γ A γ B γ C γ D γ 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 5 A B C D γ E 1 E 2 E 1 E 2 A E 1 E 2 B E 1 C E E 2 D E 2 E A B C D
107 107 9 PDPPlasma Display Panel 8 cm PDP A B C D 10 CO 2 1CO 2 CO 2 A B CO 2 C D E 2 课 标内容全解 1 A D γ 107
108 108 2 B C D γ γ γ v = c n 3 A A 4 B D γ 6 B D E 2 E 2 E 1 E A C D 9 A C % 21% 0 94% 0 03% CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 E CO 2 CO
109 109 课 标内容全解
110 P Q P Q
111 P Q Q A Q P B Q P C P Q D P Q P P Q P Q Q P Q P Q B D A B C D A C E α
112 A B C D A 课 标内容全解 A B
113 113 C D A B C D 3 A B 113 B C D 4 30 A 槡 2 B 槡 3 C 槡 3 2 D 槡 A B C D 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 课 标内容全解 1 A 2 A 180
114 114 3 B A B C D 4 B 90 5 B 6 A B D 7 C 课 标内容全解 Δt s = 1 cδt 2 114
115 B C B CB T B C T 0 T ΔT c T T+ΔT B C T0 T0+Δ T/2 T C s = OD - OA= c T + ΔT - c T T/2 2 2 = 1 2 cδt B C O s A (T +ΔT)/2 t = T B C 0 + ΔT 2 O D v = s = cδt t 2ΔT + T s = cδt t 2ΔT + T
116 116 VCD CD m/s 7 2 A B C D A B D A B D 3 ν 116
117 117 ν Δν Δt Δt Δt m Δν 1 Δt m Δν 1 ν = Hz Δν = Hz 45 O n = m 槡 O 2 1 θ 2 n = sin θ 1 sin θ 2 sin θ 2 = sin45 槡 2 = 1 2 θ 2 = 30 v = c n = m/s = m/s 槡 2 2 s = 2d m Δt cos θ m = s 2 v = 2d m v cos θ 2 Δt m Δν 1 2d m 1 v cos θ 2 Δν d m = v cos θ 2 = cos30 = m 2Δν 课 标内容全解 1 A B C D m DNA 117
118 118 A B C D 3 DNA A B C D 4 A B C D 5 A B C D 课 标内容全解 1 C D A B 2 B D 3 C 4 C 118
119 5 B C θ 1 θ 2 θ θ1 θ2 n = sin θ 1 sin θ 2 θ 2 + θ 3 = 90 sin θ 2 = cos θ 3 θ3θ sin θ 3 = 1 n 1 cos θ 3 = 1-2 槡 n θ 1 = 90 sin θ 1 = 1 n = sin θ 1 = sin θ 1 1 n = = n = sin θ 2 cos θ 槡 槡 n 2 槡 2-1 n 课 标内容全解 l d Δx λ = d l Δx 119
120 120 d l Δx λ n a Δx = a n d l λ = d l Δx cm ~ 10 cm 3 4 Δx 课 标内容全解 1 A B
121 121 C D C C A B C D D 2 Δx n Δx n a ΔxΔx = a n d = m 1 m m m 5 Δx = m = m 5 λ = dδx = l 1 m = m 121
122 122 a Δx n - 1 = = a m 5-1 n Δx = a n Δx = a n - 1 = m λ = dδx = m l P A P B P C P D λ = d λl Δx Δx = l d λ = c ν 122
123 123 l d Δx O P S 1 S O l λ Δx B 课 标内容全解 S A B C D 2 A B C D E 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 5 A B C D 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 8 A B C D 123
124 cm 50 cm cm 124
125 125 课 标内容全解 1 A C Δx = l d λ Δx Δx A B Δx = l d λ l Δx C D 2 ADCBE EBCDA 3 A C D 4 B C Δx = l d λ 5 C 6 B 7 C D 8 B cm Δx = cm = cm 5-1 λ = d 0 02 Δx = l cm = cm 课 标内容全解 CT 课 标内容全解 1 125
126 S 1 S 2 O O O O P S2 P Δx = l 20-1 d λ 2 A B 2 C D Δx = l d λ d l λ A D A D 126 S1 P v Δt l Δx λ A v = λδx lδt B v = lλ ΔxΔt C v = lδx λδt D v = lδt λδx Δx = l d λ d = vδt v = lλ B ΔxΔt D W W C A λ AA t 0 l 0 t W l C N l - l β [ 0 β = l 0 t - t 0 ]
127 127 W λ 2 A Nλ N 2 C W l - l 0 = Nλ 2 D C l - l 0 β = l 0 t - t 0 = Nλ 2l 0 t - t 0 Nλ β = 2l 0 t - t λ A 1 8 λ B 1 4 λ C 1 2 λ D λ 1 4 B 6 A B C D A C D 127
128 m 1 50 m 10 8 m/s n = c ν c = λ 0 f ν = λfn = λ 0 λ λ = λ 0 n = m = m 1 5 c = λ 0 f f = c = λ = Hz m Hz s 10-4 s 雷达天线 128 Hz s 1 甲乙 t = s s = ct 2 = m = m 2 3 课 标内容全解 1
129 129 A B C D X 2 AB θ A θ B θ A > θ B A A B B A B C A B D A B 3 A 129 B C D 4 A B C D 5 A γ B γ C γ D γ 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 8 A B C D 9 A
130 130 B C D 10 A B C D 11 A B C D 12 s t c nm
131 cm 2 50 mw km % MHz 课 标内容全解 1 B 2 A B θ A > θ B n A < n B v A > v B ν A < ν B λ A > λ B 3 B C 4 D 2 5 C 6 C 7 A D 131
132 132 8 B C D 9 A D 10 A D Δx = l d λ 11 D s 12 s' = sin C = ns v = c n t = s' v = n2 s c n = ct 槡 s 13 n = sin θ 1 = sin θ 2 sin 60 sin 30 = 槡 3 ν = c = λ Hz = Hz λ = λ 0 n = m = m = 433 nm 槡 P = S S P 0 = = kw - 4 3λ = c f = = m P' = 0 8 P = kw 132
133 133 JIAOCAI DONGTAI QUANJIE 课 标内容全解
134 s 4 1 n hν nhν 2 } A B C D A D A D A 134
135 A A B C 10-9 s D 135
136 136 A B C 1900 hν ν h E = hν h = Js A B C D C 4 136
137 137 1 W 2 E k = hν - W 1 E k E k = hν - W 2 hν 0 = W W ν 0 3 E k = hν - W 5 A B C D A D 137
138 138 课 标内容全解 { E = hν 1 { 2 mv2 m 6 A B C D B D B D 7 E k ν A B C 138
139 D E k = hν - W E k = 0 ν = 139 ν 0 = W h O λ 0 = c A ν 0 k = ΔE k Δν hb Ek WC D MN a b c A c B a C b M D b c c a B D a m n p n p m n p a m n p ν n > ν m N 139
140 140 A B C D ν p > ν m n p ν n > ν p ν n > ν p > ν m n n > n p > n m A A λ 3 4 λ 1: 2h c A hc 2λ B 2hc 3λ C 3 4 hcλ D 4hλ 5c hν = 1 2 mv2 m + W hc λ = 1 2 mv2 m + W 1 2 mv2 m = hc λ - W hc λ - W = 1 hc 2 2hc W= 3λ - W 3 4 λ B hν 11 ν c A B C 140
141 141 D E = hν ν D D
142 142 课 标内容全解 1 A B C c D 2 A B C D 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 5 P λ A λp hc B hp λc 142 C Pλc h D Pλhc
143 143 6 A B C D A B C D A B C D 9 E k ν 1 ν 2 课 标内容全解 1 B B c c A C D 2 D A C D 3 D E k = hν - W D 4 A C D E = hν A E k = hν - W C D 5 A np = nhνν = c λ 6 D E k = hν - W D 7 B 8 C 143
144 144 9 E k = hν 1 - W E k ' = hν 2 - W E k ' = E k + hν 2 - hν 1 课 标内容全解 A B C D B C 2 95% A B C D 95% 144
145 C D C D E = hν 4 3 A B C D γ C C
146 146 光源 狭缝 感光胶片 甲乙丙丁 A B C D A C D B B
147 147 5 A B C D A B D C C 课 标内容全解 A 147
148 148 B C D
149 149 B B A A A C1 C2 C 1 C s A A A ~ 1951 A A A A 1 s 1 149
150 150 c E = hν c E = hν 课 标内容全解 1 A B C D 2 A B C D 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 甲乙丙丁
151 A B C D Hz 40 W 10 m 1 min 1 cm 2 h = Js Hz J 课 标内容全解 1 C D C D 2 C C 3 D 4 A C D A B C D 5 6 A B A B D Pt = Nhν N = n = S 4πr Pt 2 hν = nnhν = E Δl = c n 151
152 152 课 标内容全解
153 A B C D A B C A B C n 2 E 1 E 2 E n
154 E/eV n r r 1 r 2 = 4r 1 r 3 = 9r 1 r 4 = 16r 1 r n = n 2 r 1 E E 1 = E 2 = E 3 = E 4 = E n = 1 n E E E 27 1 E1 9 E E1 1 E1 9 1 E1 4 E E E1 2 3 E1 4 E1 0 1 E1 4 1 E1 3 1 E 1 2 E1 154
155 155 E n = 1 n E E p E k - 2 E p = - 2E k E = E p + E k = - E k 3 n = 2 A B C n = 2 D n = r n k e2 = m v2 E r k = 1 n 2 mv2 r 2 n = ke2 E 2r p = - 2E k = - ke2 E = E n r k + E p = - ke2 3 n 2r n B C B C E n E p E k A E p E k E n B E p E k E n C E p E k E n D E p E k E n E n = E p + E k E p B
156 E n m > n 156 hν = E m - E n 3 E 13 6 ev hν = E m - E n E 0 E E 4-34 ev 3-60 ev -136 ev E 1 = ev E2 E1-544 ev A 40 8 ev B 43 2 ev C 51 0 ev D 54 4 ev E 2 - E 1 = 40 8 ev E 3 - E 1 = 48 4 ev E 4 - E 1 = 51 0 ev E - E 1 = 54 4 ev A C D B B 5 E 1 = ev 1 n = 4 E m
157 n = 4 6 n = 4 n = 2 n - 2 n = 3 n = 1 n = 1 n = 2 E n - E n - 1 = hν n = 4 n = 3 E/eV ν = = Hz E = 0 ΔE E - E 1 = = 13 6 ev ν = ΔE h = = Hz n = 4 n = Hz n = n = 3 n 3 n 2 n 1 n 3 n 1 n 3 n E 2 = ev E 3 = ev 157
158 158 6 hν = E 3 - E 2 = 1 89 ev ν = c λ hc λ = = = m E 3 - E A 10 2 ev B 11 ev C 14 ev D 10 ev 10 2 ev ev A C 14 ev E > E m - E n 0 4 ev 7 E E' λ h c E' A E - h λ c B E + h λ c C E - h c λ D E + h c λ E - E' = hνν = c λ E' = E - h c λ C g 158
159 A B C D A B C 课 标内容全解 9 n n n - 1 n n n n - 1 n - 1 n - 2 n n - 2 N =n - 1+n = nn n n - 1 n n - 1 n - 1 n n
160 r v E k E ke 2 r 2 = m v2 r v E k E G m' m = m v2 r 2 r v E k E r 10 A B C D ν E k ν E k C E kn = 160
161 ke 2 2r n 161 C n = 4 n = 2 n = 2 n = 1 n = 4 n = 2 λ 0 n = 2 n = 1 λ hν = E m - E 4 - E 2 = h c λ 0 E n = hν E 2 - E 1 = h c λ - W E k 1 = hc λ - 1 ( λ ) 0 - E 4 - E ( 2 ) = h c λ - h c λ 0 = hc E 2 - E 1 hc hc = 2E 2 - E 1 - E 4 = = 7 65 ev A B 7 65 ev C O P 1 A B P 2 O C D D C P P 2 E k 161
162 162 U D I U I 1 UV I/A E k ev E k ev UV r = 288 V 20 0 cm P 1 P 2 d = 1 00 cm V V 2 E k0 = 50 5 ev UV IA U - I U 5 00 V 2 88 V 2 72 V 2 64 V U/V E n ev E 1 = 0 1 m e U d e = m v2 r E k = 1 2 mv2 E k = Uer Ue 0 2 = 2d = 10Ue E k = 10UeV 21 U = 5 V I E km = 50 ev U = 4 V E k = 0 40 ev 50 ev - 40 ev = 10 ev U 2 88 V 2 72 V 2 64 V 2 E a E b E c E 1 = 0 E a = 50 ev ev = 21 2 ev E b = 50 ev ev = 22 8 ev E c = 50 ev ev = 23 6 ev 162
163 163 课 标内容全解 1 A B C 163 D 2 A B C D 3 n = 5 A 4 B 6 C 8 D 10 4 A B λ 1 A C λ 2 λ 1 > λ 2 B C A B C D A 1 B 2 C 3 D H α H β H γ H δ 2 2 A H α B H γ H β C 4 H α D H α H β H γ H δ ev ev 1
164 E 1 = ev r 1 = m 1 2 n = 3 n = 2 E n = E 1 n n 2 3 K = Nm 2 /C 2 h = Js e = C 课 标内容全解 1 B C D 2 A B D nn D N = N = λ = λ 1 λ 2 λ 1 - λ 2 h c λ = E A - E B h c = E λ A - E C B 2 C E B - E C = h c - h c λ λ 2 λ 1 > λ 2 E B - E C > 0 h c 1 λ = h c λ 2 - h c λ 1 λ = λ 1 λ 2 λ 1 - λ Hz m 4 E 4 E 1 hν = E 4 - E 1 λ = c ν ν λ 6 C D 7 B E
165 A E = h c λ H α H δ h c λ = E n - E 2 H α A ev E = E 1 - E 2 = = 1 88 ev 10 1 k e2 r 2 1 = m v2 r 1 E k1 = 1 2 mv2 = ke2 2r E k1 = ev = 13 6 ev E 1 = E k1 + E p1 E p1 = E - E k1 = ev ev = ev 2 hν = E m - E n ν = c λ hc λ = E 3 - E 2 = E E = E 1 λ = hc = 5-36 E m = hν = 0 - E 1 ν = - E = = Hz h m 课 标内容全解
166 λ = h p h h = Js p A B C D A B p = 槡 2mE k λ = h p C D A C
167
168 v = m/s λ = h p λ e = h p e = = m m A1 A S1 S2 S 1 S 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A
169 169 4 λ = h p λ 1 λ 2 A λ 1 λ 2 λ 1 + λ 2 B λ 1 λ 2 λ 1 - λ 2 C λ 1 + λ 2 2 D λ 2 - λ 1 2 λ 3 λ = h p p 1 = h p λ 2 = h p 1 λ 3 = h 2 λ 3 p 1 + p 2 = p 3 p 1 p 1 > p 2 p 1 - p 2 = p 3 h λ 1 - h λ 2 = h λ λ 3 = λ 1 λ 2 3 λ 2 - λ 1 λ 1 λ 2 p 1 < p 2 λ 3 = λ 1 - λ 2 B 课 标内容全解 1 A B C D 2 A B C D 3 169
170 kg 5 m/s 10 g 200 m/s 5 U e m 课 标内容全解 1 A B D A D B C 2 A C D λ = h p λ C B D 3 4 m m = 60 kg v m = 5 m/s m b = 10 g v b = 200 m/s λ m λ b = m bv b = m m v m 60 5 = λ = h p 1 2 mv2 = eu λ = h p = h 槡 2m 1 2 mv 2 = h 槡 2meU 170
171 171 1 E N ν E = Nhν P ν n P = nhν n 0 E 0 = n 0 hν 2 λ c ν c = λν S E 0 P S 0 n 0 E P n E = E 0 P = P 0 n = n ηe = ηe 0 P = ηp 0 n = ηn m kw 45% μm R = m h = Js 2 r = m 1 1 m 2 n P 45% = nh c λ 0 45λP n = = hc = E N = n4πr 2 = =
172 172 2 P = Pπr 2 = = kw W 530 nm 4 mm d = m λ = m P = 0 1 W n = 6 N = P hν = Pλ hc mmnm R R N n 0 = N 4πR n 2 n 0 N n = n 0 π( d 2 2 ) = N 4πR π d 2 ( ) 2 2 R = d Pλ 4 槡 hcn R = m 3 P = W Δt = s nm 1 l 2 1 c l = cδt = = m P 2 EE = PΔt E = PΔt E 0 = hν = h c λ n = E = PλΔt E 0 hc n =
173 E = hν = E m - E n E n E m 1 A 10 2 ev B 11 ev C 10 2 ev D 12 ev 10 2 ev n = 1 n = 2 A C D n=4-085 ev n=3-151 ev 13 ev n=2-34 ev n=1-136 ev A 10 2 ev B 2 8 ev C 0 91 ev D ev E 2 - E 1 = 10 2 ev < 13 ev E 3 - E 1 = ev < 13 ev E 4 - E 1 = ev < 13 ev n = 2 173
174 ev n = ev 0 91 ev 0 25 evb C 2 3 n = n = r E 0 hν = E m - E n 13 6 ev 13 6 ev n 5 E 1 E 3 ν = E 3 - E 1 h 6 15 ev 1 4 ev 4 7 r a r b r a > r b A B
175 175 C D B C D 175
176 176 1 SiO a b 1 2 a b A a NaOH b K 2 CO 3 B a NaCl b NaOH C a KCl b Na 2 CO 3 D a KCl b K 2 O a b a b a b 1 2A 2 1 A O 2 B NO 2 C N 2 D CO
177 177 NO 2 B 2 NO 2 2 NO 2 幑帯帯帯幐 2 NO + O 2 2 NO 2 幑幐 N 2 O P PQ M a b c Q A a B b C c D a b c 177
178 178 a b c A m 1 mol O kj h = Js A 29% B 34% C 37% D 40% E = hν = hc/λ 1 mol O 2 E = N A E = N Ahc λ = = kj η = % = 34% E = hν 课 标内容全解 3 + X 178
179 179 课 标内容全解 1 A B 179 C D X A B C D X A B X X C D A C 2 a b c 21-1 b A a B a C c 21-1 D c a b c a b c b c a D D 3 X X U h e c X X c A euh eu C h ch B eu eu D h
180 180 hν m = eux ν m = eu h D X λ = c = ch ν m eu A X D 4 A B C D C 5 A W ν 0 = W h B C D hν = 1 2 mv2 m + W 1 2 mv2 m = 0 hν 0 = Wν 0 = W h A B C D A 6 A B C D 180
181 181 A B B C C D D A J nm h = Js c = m/s A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 E = hν = hc λ = J = J A 1 nm = 10-9 m n 1 n n = 4 n = 3 N 1 = = 400 n = n = 4 n = 2 N 2 = = 400 n = 3 n = 2 N 3 = = 200 n = = 600 n = 4 n = 1 N 4 = = 400 =
182 182 n = 3 n = 1 N 5 = = 200 n = 2 n = 1 N 6 = = 600 N = N 1 + N 2 + N N 6 = n = 4 n = 3 n = 2 n = 1 n = = 400 n = = 400 n = = n = = 400 N = = E/eV ev A 15 B 10 C 4 D E 1 = ev ev E = = ev 5 N = nn = = B ev E 5 E 1 E 1 E 5 E X 214 Po E 0 = MeV K L M K L M 182
183 Po K L M E k = MeV E L = MeV E M = MeV X A MeV B MeV C MeV D MeV K L M K LM MeV MeV MeV K L M MeV MeV MeV 1 M K L K M ΔU 1 = MeV MeV= MeV L M ΔU 2 = MeV MeV= MeV 2L K K L ΔU 3 = MeV MeV= MeV A C 11 ν 1 ν 2 ν 3 ν 1 < ν 2 < ν 3 A ν 1 B ν 2 C ν 3 D ν 1 + ν 2 + ν A ν 1 B ν 2 E 2 ν 2 ν3 C ν 3 E 1 E 3 ν ν ν ν1 ν ν E3 E2 E1 C D ν 1 + ν 2 + ν 3 C C λ 1 λ 2 λ 3 λ 1 > λ 2 > λ 3 λ 2 λ 3 λ 1 λ 2 A λ 1 B λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 C D λ 2 + λ 3 λ 1 + λ 2 183
184
185 λ 3 h c = E λ 3 - E 2 h c = E 1 λ 2 - E 1 h c = E 2 λ 3 - E 1 3 λ 3 λ 1 λ 2 λ 3 = λ 1 λ 2 λ 1 + λ D A B C D A A G J nm m1 1λ = 500 nm E = hν = h c λ = = J - 9 n = E' E = = E' = ne s = cδt
186 186 Δt = 1 n = s = s s = cδt = = m m 1 2 课 标内容全解 1 E k ν E k - ν 3 28 ev 3 34 ev 21-6 E /ev k E k/ev O O E /ev k E k/ev O O
187 187 A B C D n = n = 2 A n = 6 n = 2 B n = 6 n = 5 n = 2 C n = 6 n = 1 D n = 6 n = 2 n = 6 n = O A 13 B 23 C 14 D H α H β H γ H δ 2 2 A H α B H γ H β C 4 H α D 4 H δ 6 A B λ 1 A C λ 2 λ 1 > λ 2 B C A λ 1 - λ 2 B λ 1 - λ 2 C λ 1 λ 2 /λ 1 - λ 2 D λ 1 λ 2 /λ 1 - λ 2 7 n = 3 A A n = 3 187
188 188 B n = 3 n = 2 C n = 4 n = 3 A D n = 4 n = 2 A 8 P λ n 10% d 3 6Pλ A πd 2 hc 3 6Pλ B πd 2 nhc Pλ C hc 3 6Pλ D hc A B K G C S D S nm ~ 400 nm A B 280 nm ~ 315 nm S 4 ev ev 10-7 m NaCl Na + Cl - NaCl Na + Cl - NaCl ev Na Na ev Cl Cl ev NaCl Na Cl ev 13 n = 2 n = 1 n = 4 E n = - A n n = A 2
189 p E E = pc c I 1 P 0 S F = 2pN p N P 0 S I kw m = 100 kg S 0 = m 2 课 标内容全解 1 A E k1 = hν ev E k2 = hν ev A 2 D E k = hν - W B D E k A 3 B hν = E n - E 2 ν < ν < ν B 4 B 25 km A E α < E β < E γ < E δ E = E n - E 2 A 6 C h c λ 1 = E A - E B h c λ 2 = E A - E C h c = E λ B - E C λ B C E = E n - E m n = 3 n = 2 B n = 4 n = 3 C 8 A P' = 0 9P nnh c λ π ( d 2 3 6Pλ 2 ) = P' n = πd 2 hc 189
190 190 9 A B D K A nm ~ 315 nm λ = hc E = = nm E = hc λ = J = J = 1 64 ev > 1 04 ev ev NaCl Na Cl 1NaCl Na + Cl ev 2Na + NaNa Na ev Cl - ClCl Cl ev eV = 9 9 ev 4 8 ev [ ( )] ( ) A A E = A A A 14 1 E = pc P 0 = NE = Npc F = 2pN I = F S I = F S = 2pN S I = 2P 0 Sc 2 I = 2P' S 0 c F = IS 0 F = ma a = IS 0 m = m/s 2 2 = 190
191 191 JIAOCAI DONGTAI QUANJIE 课 标内容全解 α α 2 α 3 α α 1 α 191
192 m α α α 3 α 4 α α α α α α α α α α α 1 α A B C D α α C 192
193 193 1 α α A B C D 193 α α α α α α A 2 α A B C D α A B D α 1 1 P 1 1 H 2 3 Z
194 194 A A ZX X A Z = = Ra Ra Ra B 1 88 N A Z N = A - Z = = Q = Ze = C = C qub = mv 2 /r r = mv/qb r 226 = 226 r = H 1 H 1 H H 2 1 H 3 1 H A B C D A B 1 F = qbv v F q F
195 195 2 qbv = mv 2 /R R = mv/qb = p qb p B R q q 课 标内容全解 ev m m e = kg e = C 1 F = ke 2 /r 2 = m e v 2 /r k v = e 槡 m e r = = m/s 槡 f = v 2πr = = Hz 3 E k1 = 1 2 m ev 2 = J 4 E 1 = eV= J J E 1 = E k1 + E p1 E p1 = E 1 - E k1 = = J 5 I = e/t = e 2πr v T = 2πr v = = s I = = A E = ke = r = N/C 195
196 B E R qe = qbv v = E /B qvb = mv 2 /R R = mv/qb q m = E RB 2 R B q/m α A B C D A A A D B C B B A C C D D D α α α α 180 A D 课 标内容全解 1 196
197 197 A B C D m 2 α α α A B C D 3 α A B C D 4 α A α B α C α D α 5 α A B α C D 6 A B C D X α X X X X A B C D α α 197
198 198 A a B b C c D d 198
199 α α α a b c E ka E kb E kc E pa E pb E pc A E ka = E kb = E kc E b > E a > E c B E ka = E kc = E kb E a = E c > E b C E kb > E ka > E kc E c > E a > E b D E kb < E ka < E kc E b > E a > E c Rn r e m I = α α m A 13 ZX α mα α α q α = 2e m α = kg m 199
200 200 课 标内容全解 1 B C 2 B α α α 3 A α α 4 C D α α α α α 5 C α 6 A B C 7 D A B α C 8 B D α 9 D α α a b c α E pb > E pa > E pc E kb < E ka < E kc e πr 槡 k ke 2 = m 4π2 ri = e/t mr r 2 T I = e2 2 2πr k 槡 mr m m ~ m 13 Z A- Z N m/s F = k q 1 q 2 q 1 = C r 2
201 α q 2 = C F = = 3 64 N N α a = F m = m/s = m/s kg/m 3 1 g1 g N = r = m V 1 = 4 3 πr3 N V= NV 1 = 4 3 πr3 N = m 3 ρ = m V = kg/m3 = kg/m 3 课 标内容全解 A B C α β γ D 83 α β γ 201
202 202 B A B C D 1896 C A B D C α β γ α β γ 4 2 He e m 99% α β β β α 1 0 n 1 1 H γ e α β γ A α B β C γ 202
203 203 D α α β γ 4 2 He e hγ q = + 2e m = kg q = - e m = kg 0 1c q = 0 D 1 α β γ A α B β C γ α β D γ α β γ α α β γ A β B γ α β γ D C C α β γ MN a b M N α β γ γ β 203
204 204 γ β x P Q x P A β S B γ C α β D α γ α S Q β γ β β β γ γ α D D α β α β β 1 2 α A ZX A- 4 Z - 2 Y He β A ZX A Z + 1 Y U Th He Th Pa e - 1 e 204
205 α β γ U Pb α β 205
206 U m α n β Pb 92 U m 4 2 He + n 0-1 e 238 = m { 92 = m - n { m = 8 n = 6 8 α 6 β U = Pb = = 22 α 2 2 β α 16 6 β U Pb 8 α 6 β A 253 ZX 6 α 100 Fm A B C D A ZX A ZX Fm He Z = = 112 { A= = 277 D 1 t/t 1 2 N = N ( 2 ) 206 m = m ( 1 ) 2 t/t N m N m t T g
207 α A 222 g B 8 g C 2 g D 4 g g 222 g Rn Po He g 4 g 4 g D Na 6 h 8 A 2 0 h B 1 5 h C 1 17 h D 0 75 h T A 1 m = m 0 ( ) 课 标内容全解 2 t/t m = m 0 ( 1 ) 2 6 /T = 1 8 T = 2 h α β α 4 2 β 1 γ Ra 82 Pb α β x α y β Ra Pb + x 4 2 He + y 0-1 e 226 = x + y0 { 88 = x + y - 1 { x = 5 y = 4 5 α 4 β 207
208 208 α β α α H n 2 He α α β n - 1 e H β β H 1 e n + β 1 1 α β α β A α B β C D α β β B D Ni 63 β
209 A Ni 0 1 e Cu 63 B Ni 0-1 e Cu C D β B C 63D B C T m' B B m A B 14 6 C 14 6 C CO C 6 C 12 6 C C 6 C 14 6 C 14 6 C β 14 6 C C C C 课 标内容全解 1 A B C α D 2 A α β B β
210 210 C D 1 3 A α β γ B γ C α D β A β b β B α b α C D A 226 B 234 C 232 D Ra 86 Rn 1 α 1 β Pa 82 Pa 1 α 1 β Th 82 Pb 6 α 4 β U 86 Rn 4 α 4 β Th α β Pb A 8 B 16 C 4 α 6 β D 6 α 4 β 7 A β B α C β 1 β α 1 α A A C 2 B A C 5 C A B 1 D C A 1 8 A B C D 9
211 U He 12 7 N 12 6 C N 12 6 C + 10 A B A B A B T A : T B = : : % 10 % min h 10 ml 2 5 h L U 0 d U 0 B P B O Ra α α O D O P P O' l D α m α e U 0 d B D l 211
212 212 课 标内容全解 1 D 2 C α β γ β 1 3 A C D α α A C γ γ B β D 4 A D A D 5 B C A D 6 A B D x α y β Th Pb + x 4 2 He + y = x { 90 = x - y { x = 6 y = = = 16 7 D A B e B C He 8 B B Th α 0 1 e β 0-1 e β 10 3: 2 t = 4T A = 6T B 11 α 88 Ra 1 N = N ( ) t/t - 1 e 1 16 = 1 ( ) 2 t/t A 1 64 = 1 ( 2 ) t/t B α α R = mv qb q R α = q = 44 R q α 1 α 2 ee q = 88 e m 0 m m = m 0 2 n = m 0 = 16 2 n m 20 n = m' =
213 213 m 0 2 = m 0 = 1 56% m h = ml ml = ml = 3 75 L α 2 He Ra Ra m v = m α v α 1 α q α v α B = q α U 0 /d2 12 v = m α U 0 m Bd = U 0 56Bd 3α r v 2 α q α v α B = m α r q = 2e v = U α α 0 /Bd r 2 =r - l 2 + D 2 m α = l2 + D 2 B 2 ed U 0 l 课 标内容全解
214 214 课 标内容全解 α 1934 α 1923 α α Al He P n P Si e 1935 γ M 1 A X N BY A M = N B A= B C M - A= N - B D M - N = A- B A= B M N M - A N - B M - N A- B B A B C D
215 P Si e γ A B C D A B 1 1 γ γ A B C D A C B D A C 1 215
216 课 标内容全解 mm α β γ β α 1 mm γ 1 mm γ β β 216
217 C lg c 0 = kt c c 0 c t k C % 14 6 C % 14 6 C C k c = 1 2 c 0 t = lg c 0 = k c lg2 k = = / C c 0 = % c = % 2 303lg % % = kt' lg % % = t' t' = 课 标内容全解 1 A α B 217
218 218 C D 2 60 γ γ A B C D 3 A 131 B C D γ 1 γ A B C D 2 A B C D 5 X Y X α P β Q Y β R α S A Q S B S R C X R D R N 14 6 C 14 6 C β β 7 α Al 2 5 min 1 10 lg2 = Pu α E = 0 09 MeV 1 218
219 α R α : R U 10 2 L 1 L 10 9 β 1 L 10 β α β γ E H H
220 220 3 α β m α = 4 u m β = u v = c α 10 v = c β 课 标内容全解 1 A B D 2 C γ 3 A B D γ C 4 1C 2B A 5 A D X Y ZX A' A Z Y ZX 4 2 He + A- 4 A- 4 Z - 2 P 0-1 e + A- 4 A D Z - 2 P Z - 1 Q A' 220 Z Y A' Z + 1 R N 14 7 N n 14 6 C H 14 6 C 14 7 N e Al He 1 0 n P Δt = 8 3 min = 1 lg2 = = 10 3 Δt = e A' Z + 1 R 4 2 He + A' - 4 Z - 1 S m m 0 m = m 0 2 = 1 n 10 2n = 10 n 2 5 = 8 3 min 8 β Pu U He + E 2λ = m 3 R α = 46 R U 1 2 E = hγ = hc λ λ = hc/e = = m m α v α = m U v U
221 221 R = mv qb R α = q U = 92 R U q α 2 = L 1 L 10 9 β 1 L 10 β 10 8 L β γ 2 s α : s β = 5: 184 3B α : B β = 10: 1 1 α 2 s = 1 2 at2 a = qe /m t = H v s = qeh2 2mv 2 q α s α : s β = : m α v α q β m β v β = 5: qe = qvb B = E v 1 v B α : B β = v β : v α = 10: 1 课 标内容全解 N He 17 8 O H Be He 12 6 C n 221
222 Pt 1 4 Be 2 80 Hg Pt Pt Pt 80 Hg Be H 9 5 B n Hg n Pt He Hg n Pt H n Pt Au e Au Hg e Ni Pb 110 X Ni Pb X n 1 2 Δm 3 E = mc 2 ΔE = Δmc 2
223 223 Δm 4 2 α kg kg α kg J Δm = m U - m Th - m α = Δm = kg ΔE = Δmc ΔE = = J 1 m N = u 17 m O = u m He = u m H = u 14 7 N He 17 8 O H m N + m He = u m N + m H = u ΔE = Δmc 2 1 u MeV ΔE = = 1 2 MeV 1 2 MeV 2 m e = u = u Δm = u 223
224 224 ΔE = = 1 02 MeV 0-1 e e 2γ 1 02 MeV 224
225 225 课 标内容全解 ΔE = Δmc 2 Δm c ΔE 1 ΔE = Δmc 2 Δm kg c m/s E J 2 ΔE = Δm MeV MeV Δm u ΔE MeV Po u Pb u He u 84 Po α α 82 Pb 1 2α Po 3 1 u = MeV Po Pb He Δm = = u ΔE = = MeV 2 α p = mv = 槡 2mE k槡 2m α E = 2m k α 槡 PbE k m α E kα = m Pb E kpb 4E kα = 206E kpb Pb E kα + E kpb = ΔE = MeV 12α E kα = 5 31 MeV E kpb = 0 10 MeV
226 U + n Ba Kr + ax n X a X X a = m U 235 m Ba m Kr 92 U Ba Kr m n m P c ΔE = 2 P = kw η = 40% 1 ΔE = J U m U = kg 92 U 1 = s 1 Z m = az { = am a 0Z = 0 am = 3 X n a = 3 ΔE = Δmc 2 =m U - m Ba - m Kr - 2m n c 2 2 E = PT η T m 92 U m: m U = E : ΔE m = m UPT ηδe = = kg 40% N m/s A A B C B C B m/s B C R B : R C = 11: 30 1C 2 C 3 1 m n v n = m B v B + m C v C m C = m n = 4m n v C = m nv n - m B v B = m/s = m/s m C 4 2 R = mv qb R B R C = m Bv B m C v C q C q B = q C = 11m Cv C = = 2 q B 30m B v B
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