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1 GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH Vol126, No13 May, , 1,2 (11, ; 21, ) :, 100, ,, ;,,,,,,, : ; ; ; ; : (2007) , ; 1966, [1 ], , ;, 20 70, Mayer Slack [2,3 ] ; 80, Hayut h,, Taaffe [4 ], [5 ] Hayut h, Airriess [6 ] Kuby [7 ] Hoyle [8 ] ; Notte2 boom [ 9 ] Starr [10 ] J ames [11 ], 90 Baird [ 12 ],, ;,,, 90, [13 15 ], Hayut h [16 ] ; [17 ] ;, [18,19 ],,,, ;, : ; : : ( ) ; ( ) ( ) : (19752),,, E2mail :

2 558 26,, ;,, 2 211,, International Containerization %,,,, , , 1965, ;, 60, , ; International Containerization ( TEU),, TEU, TransCad 3,,,, [ 16 ] 311, ; 70, % 60, 220 TEU - ;,, 70 1A, 1970 : (1), 74,,,,, (2) : ;,,, (3),,,,,,,,, (4),, TEU,, ;, 1971,, ;

3 3 : Fig11 The evolution course of world container ports system ,, 10, 1975 ( 1B) (1),,, ;,, (2),,,,,,, ;, (3),,, (4), ;,, ; 70,, (1),, ;,, (2),,, (3),,,, ,,, 150

4 TEU ;, 394,, 1C (1),,, ;, (2),,,,, (3),, ;,, ;, (4) 70,, 1992, 90,, (1), (2), ; (3), ;, ,,, ( 1D) (1),,, ;, 13,,, (2),, ; ;, (3),, ;,,,,, ;,, (4),,,, 4 411,,,, Kuby

5 3 : 561 [7 ] ; Hayut h,, H H ( Hirschman2Herfindahl index) [20 ],, H H j :, n n H H j = T 2 ij / ( Tij ) 2 i = 1 i = 1 Tij i j ; 0 H H j 1, H H j 1,,,, ; H H j0,,,, ; 412 (1) H H j, , (1) H H j,, (2),, ; 70, 4 5, ; 80, 8 9 ; 90, 2 Fig1 2 Aggregation2decentralization trend of world container transport (3) , ; ,, ; , , , (4),,,, 413,, (1),, , ;, (2),, 1970 ; ,, ; 1998,,

6 (3), 80,,,, ; 1980,,, ; 80,,,, ;,,,, (4), ,, ; 1970, 50 %,,,,, (5) 90,, %, %, %:,,,, ( 1) 1 ( :, %) Tab11 Container transportation scale and the number of container seaports in main countries : 2 %; 1997, , 9,, (1),, (2) 1970, 50 %,, ; ; 70, 80,,

7 3 : 563,, % (3), 1970,, ; 1975,,, ; 80, ; 80,, ;, 15 8, 3, 1 (4), ; (5),, %, 3019 % ; 1975, 30 %, 26 %, ; 80,, 1/ 4 90,, 5312 %, 10 %, ( 2) 2 ( : ; : %) Tab1 2 Regional aggregration and discenterization of world container transportation % % ,, ;, :, (1) : :, ;,,, TEU, TEU, ,, 01966, 0197, 01937, 0199, 0199, 01986, 01995, :, 60,,, 70,, 70 80,,

8 564 26,,, %,,,,,,,,,, (2),,,,,,,, 40,,, - - -,,,,, ;,, (3),,,,, 3, 90,,, 50 % ;,, 3 ( : ; : %) ; Tab13 The evolution of main container ports types in the world,,, ,,,, 512,,,,, %, O2D, , , (1) 3, 60 70,, 1913 %, 40 %,, O2D, 2918 %, %, 618 %,

9 3 : Fig1 3 The main change of world trade networks since 1970,,,, 611 %,, 413 %, ;, 211 %, ;,,, (2) 70,,,,,, 4213 % 1216 % 1218 %,, 2615 %, %, 919 %, 318 % ;,,, (3) 90,,, 2216 %, 3613 %, 1616 %,, -, 1017 %, %, 1016 %,, ; -, 615 %, 30 %,, (4) 90,,, ;

10 %,, 1014 %,,,,, 1714 %, 1311 %, ; 2514 %, %,,, ;,, ;,,,, 4 ( : TEU/ / TEU) Fig1 4 Comparsion of container and trade between foreign countries and China (5),,, ( ) ( ) 4,,, 5616 TEU/, ;, 3312 TEU/ ;,, ; ;, 80,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,, 10 / TEU,,, 118 / TEU ; ,,, ;

11 3 : 567,,,,,,,, 6 (1),,, (2),,, ; ;, (3), ; 80,,,, (4), ; ;,, (5),,,,, ; : [ 1 ] 1 1 :, [ 2 ] Mayer H M1 Current trend in Great Lakes shipping1 GeoJournal,1978,2 : [ 3 ] Slack B1 Intermodal transportation in Nort h America and t he development of inland load centers1 The professional Geographer,1990,42 (1) : [ 4 ] Taaffe E, Morril R1 Transport expansion in underdeveloped countries1 Geographical Review,1963,53 ( 4) : [ 5 ] Hayut h Y1 Rationalization and concentration of t he U1 S1 container port system1 The Professional Geographer, 1988,40 (3) : [ 6 ] Airriess C A1 The spatial spread of container transport in a developing regional economy1 Transportation Re2 search,1989,23 (1) : [ 7 ] Kuby M, Reid N1 Technological change and t he concentration of t he U1 S1 General Cargo Port System : Economic Geography,1992,68 (3) : [ 8 ] Hoyle B, Charlier J1 Inter2port competition in developing countries1 Journal of Transport Geography,1995,3 (2) : [ 9 ] Notteboom T E1 Concent ration and load centre development in t he European container port system1 Journal of Transportation Geography,1997,5 (2) : [ 10 ] Starr J T1 The mid2atlantic load center1 Maritime Policy and Management,1994,21 (3) : [ 11 ] Janes J W1 The evolution of a regional container port system1 Journal of Transportation Geography,2000,8 (1) : [12 ] Baird A J1 Rejoinder :extending t he lifecycle of container mainport s in upstream urban locations1 Maritime Policy

12 and Management,1997,24 (2) : [ 13 ] 1 1,1998,18 (4) : [ 14 ] 1 1,1998,17 (4) : [ 15 ],, 1 1,2002,57 (4) : [ 16 ] 1-1,1999,19 (6) : [ 17 ], 1 1,2000,19 (4) : [ 18 ], 1 1,2003,58 (3) : [ 19 ], 1 1,2004,59 (6) : [ 20 ] Hayut h Y1 Conainerization and load center concept1 Economic Geography,1981,57 (2) : Formation and evolution of world container ports system and coupling mechanism with international trade net works WAN G Cheng2jin 1, YU Liang 1,2 (11 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing , China ; 21 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing , China) Abstract :Marine co ntainer t ransportatio n is an important research field in Transportatio n Geograp hy and has become t he key support factors of international trade1 In t his paper, based o n expo unding abo ut internatio nal and do mestic research histo ry of co ntainer sea2 port s and seaport s systems, t he aut hor took t he world top 100 port s and data of t he years of as t he st udying object s, and discussed the developing and evolution course of world container seaport s system1 Then t he author designed an index to appraise t he spa2 tial aggregration of world container transportation and container seaport s, and their devel2 oping trends, including marine container transportation aggregration of port, region and co unt ry1 In order to examine t he developing mechanism of world co ntainer seaport s sys2 tem, t he aut hor analyzed t he spatial coupling mechanism between world container seaport s and international trade networks, t hrough analyzing t he international trade O2D data of t he year s of Thro ugh research, t he aut ho r drew t he following co nclusio ns1 ( 1) World container seaport system wit nessed t he develop ment course of North American and West European port cluster Nort h American, West European and East Asian port cluster East Asian port cluster Chinese port cluster 1 (2) There is t he time period of spatial aggregration and diff usion about t he world sea container transportation and now in t he ini2 tial stages of spatial aggregration time, and t he East Asian region became t he world con2 tainer transportation center1 (3) Economic factors, shipping lines and port locations are t he main driving factors for t he develop ment and formation of t he world container seaport sys2 tem,especially t here is a coupling mechanism between t he international trade networks and world co ntainer seapo rt system1 Key words :container port ; evolution course ; aggregration ; international trade networks ; co upling mechanism

(1) ( 1965 ),, 1952 [9] 2.1 (2) 1 53 (E i ), 2 (P i ) (G E (G P, 31 (Q i ) 3, : G E (x,y)= (E i Q(x i, y i )) E i G P (x,y)=

(1) ( 1965 ),, 1952 [9] 2.1 (2) 1 53 (E i ), 2 (P i ) (G E (G P, 31 (Q i ) 3, : G E (x,y)= (E i Q(x i, y i )) E i G P (x,y)= 29 1 2010 01 PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY Vol.29, No.1 Jan., 2010 1 1,2 1,2 (1., 100101; 2., 100049) :, 1952 2005 53,, U, 1952, : ; ; ; ; 1 [8] 50,, 20 50, 53,,,, 3 : 30, GDP (1) 1975 42% 2005 56%, : 34% 36%,