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1 NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MILK PROTEIN AND MILK FAT 乳蛋白和乳脂肪营兹评估 KEVIN M. HALPIN, PH.D.

2 Outline 提纲 Milk Protein 乳蛋白 Amino acid balance 氨基酸平衡 Amino acid digestibility 氨基酸的可消化性 Casein and whey proteins 酪蛋白和乳清蛋白 Commercial sources of milk protein 乳蛋白的商业来源 Milk Fat 乳脂肪 Fatty acid composition 脂肪酸组成 Performance benefits vs. other fats 与其他脂肪相比之下的优势表现 Conclusions 结论

3 Typical Sow Milk Composition 典型猪乳组成 (DM basis)( 基于干物质 ) Protein Fat Ash Lactose 蛋白脂肪灰分乳糖 37 (Harrell & Odle, 2003))

4 仔猪小肠的发育正常低肠道绒毛的完整性和营兹吸收保育教槽腹泻非正常高日龄断奶

5 Milk Protein Characteristics 乳蛋白特性 Milk protein sources have long been known to be excellent ingredients in diets for weanling pigs. 乳蛋白是人们很早就知道的断奶猪料中的优异原料 Characteristics of milk protein sources: 乳蛋白源的特性 Palatable 适口性强 Highly digestible (proteins, fat, lactose, and minerals) 高度易消化 ( 蛋白脂肪乳糖和矿物质 ) Superior amino acid profile 优异的氨基酸结构 Bioactive proteins that benefit gut health 生物活性蛋白有益于肠道健康 lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, immunoglobulins 乳铁蛋白, 乳过氧化物酶, 免疫球蛋白 (Cromwell, 2008)

6 Amino Acid Balance 氨基酸平衡

7 Ideal Pattern of Amino Acids for 5-20 kg Pig (% of lysine) 5-20kg 仔猪氨基酸理想模型 ( 相当于赖氨酸的百分比 ) Threonine Tryptophan Met + Cys Isoleucine Valine 苏氨酸色氨酸蛋氨酸 + 半胱氨酸异亮氨酸缬氨酸 (Chung and Baker, 1992)

8 Amino Acid Pattern Ideal vs. Whole Milk Powder 氨基酸理想模型和全脂奶粉比较 Threonine Tryptophan Met + Cys Isoleucine Valine 苏氨酸色氨酸蛋氨酸 + 半胱氨酸异亮氨酸缬氨酸 Ideal Whole Milk Powder 理想全脂奶粉

9 100 Amino Acid Patterns (% of lysine) 氨基酸模型 ( 相当于赖氨酸的百分比 ) Threonine Tryptophan Met + Cys Isoleucine Valine 苏氨酸色氨酸蛋氨酸 + 半胱氨酸异亮氨酸缬氨酸 Ideal Whole Milk Powder Blood Meal 理想全脂奶粉血粉

10 Amino Acid Patterns (% of lysine) 氨基酸模型 ( 相当于赖氨酸的百分比 ) Threonine Tryptophan Met + Cys Isoleucine Valine 苏氨酸色氨酸蛋氨酸 + 半胱氨酸异亮氨酸缬氨酸 Ideal Whole Milk Powder Meat & Bone Meal 理想全脂奶粉肉骨粉

11 Amino Acid Patterns (% of lysine) 氨基酸模型 ( 相当于赖氨酸的百分比 ) Threonine Tryptophan Met + Cys Isoleucine Valine 苏氨酸色氨酸蛋氨酸 + 半胱氨酸异亮氨酸缬氨酸 Ideal Whole Milk Powder Fish Meal 理想全脂奶粉鱼粉

12 Amino Acid Digestibility 氨基酸消化性能

13 Crude protein 粗蛋白 Whole Milk Powder Ileal Standardized Digestibility, % 全奶粉回肠标准消化率, % Lysine 赖氨酸 Threonine 苏氨酸 Met + Cys 蛋氨酸 + 半胱氨酸 Tryptophan 色氨酸 Isoleucine 异亮氨酸 Valine 缬氨酸 Leucine 亮氨酸 Phe + Tyr 苯丙氨酸 + 酪氨酸 Histidine 组氨酸 (AmiPig, Ajinomoto Eurolysine, Aventis, INRA, ITCF, 2000)

14 Ileal Standardized Digestibility Whole Milk Powder vs. Other Animal Proteins 回肠标准消化率全奶粉对比其它的动物蛋白 Whole Milk Powder 全脂奶粉 Blood Meal 血粉 Meat & Bone Meal 肉骨粉 Poultry Meal 禽肉粉 Fish Meal 鱼粉 C.P. 粗蛋白 LYS 赖氨酸 THR 苏氨酸 MET + CYS 蛋氨酸 + 半胱氨酸 TRP 色氨酸 (AmiPig, Ajinomoto Eurolysine, Aventis, INRA, ITCF, 2000)

15 Casein and Whey Proteins 酪蛋白和乳清蛋白

16 Comparison of Milk Protein Composition of Cows and Sows 奶牛和母猪乳蛋白成分比较 80 % Cows 奶牛 Sows 母猪 Whey Protein Casein 乳清蛋白酪蛋白 (Fundamentals of Cheese Science, Patric F. Fox, et al, An Aspen Publication, 2000)

17 Protein Composition of Milk Casein Fraction 牛奶中酪蛋白部分蛋白质组成 % of Milk Protein 占乳蛋白 % % of Whole Dried Milk 占全干奶的 % Casein proteins 酪蛋白中蛋白质 Alpha casein 阿尔法酪蛋白 Beta casein β- 酪蛋白 Kappa casein K- 酪蛋白 Gamma casein 伽马 - 酪蛋白

18 Protein Composition of Milk Whey Fraction 乳清部分的蛋白比较 % of Milk % of Whole Protein Dried Milk 占乳蛋白 % Whey proteins 乳清蛋白占全干奶的 % Beta-lactoglobulin β- 乳球蛋白 Alpha-lactalbumin α- 乳白蛋白 Serum albumin 血清白蛋白 Proteose-peptone 月示蛋白胨 Immunoglobulins 免疫球蛋白 Membrane proteins 膜蛋白 Lactoferrin 乳铁蛋白 Lactoperoxidase 乳过氧化物酶

19 Casein and Whey Proteins 酪蛋白和乳清蛋白 The major milk protein are the caseins. 酪蛋白是主要的乳蛋白. Caseins form a curd in response to the acidic condition and enzymes of the stomach. 在酸性条件下和胃酶的作用下, 酪蛋白形成凝乳状. Both casein and whey proteins are highly digestible. 酪蛋白和乳清蛋白都是极易消化的. (University of Illinois Extension)

20 Casein is 100% digestible 酪蛋白是 100% 可消化的 Casein has been shown to be completely digested by pigs (Peasons et al., 1982; Moughan and Smith, 1985; Kies et al., 1986; Wang and Fuller, 1989; Y. L. Yin, et al., 2004; Karsten, et al, 1999) 酪蛋白已被证明是可以被完全消化的 True digestibility of AA in casein is essentially 100% in both pigs and cockerels (T. K. Chung and David H Baker, 1992) 猪和小公鸡都可以 100% 地消化酪蛋白中的氨基酸

21 Functional Casein and Whey Proteins 酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的功能 Biological Activity 生物活性 Antimicrobial action/wound healing 抗菌 / 伤口愈合 Disease protection 疾病防护 Anti-viral activity 抗病毒活性 Immunomodulating activity 免疫调节活性 Milk Compound 牛奶成分 Lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme 乳铁蛋白, 乳过氧化物酶, 溶菌酶 Immunoglobulins, WPC 免疫球蛋白, 乳清蛋白浓缩物 Lactoferrin, lactoferricin, WPC 乳铁蛋白, 乳铁蛋白肽, 乳清蛋白浓缩物 Lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, casein glycomacropeptide, WPC 乳铁蛋白,α- 乳蛋白, 酪蛋白巨肽, 乳清蛋白浓缩物 Anti-bacterial toxin activity 抗菌和细菌毒素作用 Anti-cancer activity 抗癌 Prebiotic 益生素 Lactoferrin, casein glycomacropeptide, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin 乳铁蛋白, 酪蛋白巨肽,β- 乳球蛋白,α- 乳蛋白 Alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, WPC, α- 乳蛋白, 乳铁蛋白, 乳清蛋白浓缩物 Casein glycomacropeptide 酪蛋白巨肽

22 Commercial Sources of Milk Proteins 乳蛋白商业来源

23 Sources of Milk Protein 乳蛋白源 Whole milk powder 全脂奶粉 Skim milk powder 脱脂奶粉 Casein 酪蛋白 Cheese powder 奶酪粉 Whey powder 乳清粉 Whey protein concentrate 浓缩乳清粉

24 全乳分离奶酪制作全奶粉奶油脱脂乳奶酪乳清白脱牛奶粉干燥酸沉降干燥结晶超滤去矿物化黄油干脱脂乳酪蛋白乳糖低乳糖乳清矿物质乳清粉乳清渗透物去矿物化的乳清浓缩乳清蛋白

25 Milk Separation Cheese Making Whole Milk Powder Cream Skim Milk Cheese Whey Buttermilk powder Drying Acid Precipitation Drying Crystalization Ultrafiltration Demineralization Butter Dried Skim Milk Casein Lactose Whey Powder Reduced Lactose Whey Whey Permeate Minerals Demineralized Whey Whey Protein Concentrate

26 Milk Fat 乳脂肪

27 Milk Composition Comparison (%, liquid basis) 不同乳源成分比较 (%, 液态 ) Cow 奶牛 Sow 母猪 Fat 脂肪 Protein 蛋白质 Lactose 乳糖 Minerals 矿物质 Solid 固体 Source: Milk Composition-Species Table, University of Illinois

28 Milk Fat is Key Energy Source For Piglets 乳脂肪是仔猪主要的能量来源 Sow milk (7 to 8% fat on average) is higher in fat than cow milk (3 to 5%), but is extremely variable among breed. 母猪奶平均脂肪含量 (7%-8%) 比牛奶 (3%-5%) 更高, 但在不同种群见差异较大 The neonatal pig has less than 2% body fat and almost no subcutaneous fat. It is very crucial to have milk fat as an energy supply for their survival. 新生仔猪体内脂肪含量小于 2%, 甚至没有皮下脂肪因此, 乳脂肪对于新生仔猪来说是非常重要的能源

29 Composition Comparison of Milk Fat vs. Other Common Fat Sources 乳脂肪和其他来源脂肪的成分比较 Cow milk fat contains more saturated fat (76%) than beef tallow, pork lard, and vegetable oils. 奶牛的乳脂肪比牛脂猪油和植物油相比含有更多的饱和脂肪 (76%) Cow milk contains more short and medium chain fatty acids than tallow, pork lard, and common vegetable oils. 乳脂肪比牛脂猪油和植物油相比含有更多的短链和中链脂肪酸

30 Fatty Acid Composition of Cow Milk Fatty Acid 脂肪酸牛奶中脂肪酸的组成 % of Lipid Composition 占总含量百分比 C2:0 to C6:0 6% C8:0 to C12:0 12% C14:0 15% C16:0 37% C16:1 3% C18:0 6% C18:1 16% C18:2 4% C18:3 1%

31 Fatty Acid Composition of Commonly Used Fat Sources in Animal Feeds 动物饲料中常见脂肪源的脂肪酸组成 Fatty Acid Saturation 脂肪酸饱和度 Sow s Milk 母猪奶 Cow s Milk 牛奶 Palm Oil 棕榈油 Choice White Grease 精选白色动物油 Tallow 牛油 Soy Oil 大豆油 Corn Oil 玉米油 Saturated 4:0 to 18:0 饱和 4:0 到 18: Monounsaturated 16:1 & 18:1 单不饱和的 16:1 & 18: Polyunsaturated 18:2 多不饱和的 18:

32 Fatty Acid Composition of Commonly Used Fatty Acid Chain length 脂肪酸链长 Fat Sources in Animal Feeds 动物饲料中常见脂肪源的脂肪酸组成 Sow s Milk 母猪奶 Cow s Milk 牛奶 Palm oil 棕榈油 Choice White Grease 精选白色动物油 Tallow 牛脂 Soy Oil 大豆油 Corn Oil 玉米油 Short Chains <8 短链 < Medium Chains 8-12 中链 Long Chains >12 长链 >

33 Nursing Pigs Effectively Use Milk Fat 乳脂肪在保育猪中的有效利用 Nursing pigs are capable of effectively using milk fat due to high lipase activity in piglet digestive system and the emulsified form of milk fat. 保育猪可以有效利用乳脂肪和乳化形式的乳脂肪, 这是由于其消化系统中有较高的脂肪酶 Frobish et al, (1967) found that the digestibility of milk fat by 2 day old pigs was 95%. Frobish 发现,2 日龄仔猪的乳脂肪消化率为 95%

Effect of Fat Source on Average Total Gain During 13 Day Trial (kg, age 16 to 28 d) 16-28 日龄猪在 13 天试验中脂肪的平均增重效果 Frobish et al, 1970,

34 Effect of Fat Source on Average Total Gain During 13 Day Trial (kg, age 16 to 28 d) 日龄猪在 13 天试验中脂肪的平均增重效果 Frobish et al, 1970, Exp Control Butter Conconut Oil Lard Corn Oil Esterfied Fatty Acids 对照黄油椰子油猪油玉米油酯化脂肪酸

Effect of Fat Source on Feed/ Gain Ratio During 13 Day Trial (age 16 to 28 days) 16-28 日龄猪在 13 天试验中脂肪的饲料 / 增重比效果 Frobish et al, 1970, Exp. 2 2 1.

35 Effect of Fat Source on Feed/ Gain Ratio During 13 Day Trial (age 16 to 28 days) 日龄猪在 13 天试验中脂肪的饲料 / 增重比效果 Frobish et al, 1970, Exp Feed/Gain 饲料 / 增重 Control Butter Conconut Lard Corn Oil Esterfied 对照黄油 Oil 椰子油猪油玉米油 Fatty Acids 酯化脂肪酸

36 Antimicrobial Function of Milk Fat 乳脂肪的抗菌作用 Milk Fat triglycerides contain C10:0 and C12:0 fatty acids that were able to exert a bactericidal effects against Campylobacter jejuni and L moncytogenes (Sprong et al, 2002). 牛奶中的脂肪甘油三酯含有的 C10:0 和 C12:0 脂肪酸能够发挥抵抗空肠弯曲杆菌和产单核李斯特菌的作用 Components of MFGM such as glycosphingolipids were able to bind eterotoxingenic E. Coli strains and potentially render them unable to colonize the intestine(sanchez-junes et al, 2009). 乳脂球膜中的某些成分如糖鞘脂类可以抑制肠产毒性大肠杆菌, 并使其无法在肠道寄生

37 Conclusions 结论 1. Sow s milk is high in fat (37% DM basis), protein (30%) and lactose (29%). Baby pigs have the enzyme system to effectively digest milk nutrients. 猪奶中含有较高的脂肪 (37% 基于干物质 ), 蛋白 (30%) 和乳糖 (29%), 仔猪具备有效消化奶中营兹的酶系统 2. Milk protein has an excellent amino acid balance, very similar to the ideal amino acid balance required by the nursery pig. 牛奶乳蛋白具有非常好的的氨基酸平衡, 这和保育猪的理想需求平衡非常相似 3. Amino acid digestibility is superior in milk protein, higher than other animal and plant protein. 牛奶乳蛋白中的氨基酸可消化性高于其它的动物和植物蛋白

38 Conclusions (con t) 结论 4. Cow s milk is approximately 80% casein protein and 20% whey protein (expressed as % of protein). Both are readily digestible. 牛奶含有大约 80% 的酪蛋白和 20% 的乳清蛋白 ( 表现为蛋白质百分比 ), 两者都很容易被消化 5. Milk contains functional (bioactive) whey proteins that are important for pig health. These proteins include immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and others. 牛奶中含有的功能性 ( 生物活性 ) 乳清蛋白对生猪健康很重要这些蛋白主要有免疫球蛋白乳铁蛋白乳过氧化物酶和其他类蛋白

39 Conclusions (con t) 结论 6. Milk fat is a crucial energy source for newborn and early age piglets. 乳脂肪对于新生和早期仔猪是非常重要的能量来源 7. Milk fat has a unique fatty acid profile with more saturated and shortchained fatty acids compared with tallow, lard and most vegetable oils. 乳脂具有独特的脂肪酸属性, 和牛脂, 猪油以及大多数植物油相比, 它具有更多的饱和脂肪酸和短链脂肪酸 8. Milk fat is a highly digestible energy source for young piglets which promotes better growth and feed efficiency compared to other common fat source 对于仔猪来说, 乳脂是极易消化的能量来源与其他脂肪源相比, 它能促进生长并提高饲料利用率

40 Complimentary Products 赠送产品? Dairylac 80 = Lactose source Dairylac 80 = 乳糖 Cheese Plus Cheese = Milk protein & fat source 奇饲粉 ( 奶酪粉 ) = 乳蛋白 & 脂肪

41 CONTACT INFORMATION KEVIN HALPIN 150 LARKIN WILLIAMS INDUSTRIAL CT., P.O. BOX FENTON, MO IICAG.COM

PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint Presentation IMPORTANCE OF LACTOSE IN PIGLET NUTRITION 乳糖在仔猪营养中的重要性 KEVIN M. HALPIN, PH.D. Outline 提纲 I. Background 背景介绍 II. Lactose requirements 乳糖需求 III. Lactose is a unique sugar 乳糖是一种特殊的糖 IV. Impact on gut integrity