PowerPoint Presentation

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "PowerPoint Presentation"

愚向
5 years ago
Views:

their impact 了解霉菌毒素的影响 Andrea R Hanson, PhD 卡美农业咨询

1 卡美农业技术咨询有限公司简介 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH CONSULTING LIMITED INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins and understanding their impact 了解霉菌毒素的影响 Andrea R Hanson, PhD 卡美农业咨询您的国际外援 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH CONSULTING YOU INTERNATIONAL BACKUP

2 美国玉米霉菌毒素共存现象占百分比 Multiple Mycotoxins are Increasingly Common in US 多种霉菌毒素的存在在美国越来越普遍 > 300 corn samples 超过 300 个玉米样本 (2016) 74% with > 1 mycotoxin 74% 有多于 1 种霉菌毒素 19% with 1 mycotoxin 19% 有一种霉菌毒素 7% had no detectable 7% 没有发现任何 Safety levels less clear for multiple mycotoxins 多种霉菌毒素出现情况下安全水准很难判断

Introduction to Mycotoxins 霉菌毒素介绍 Mycotoxins 霉菌毒素 Toxins produced by molds present on cereal grains and byproducts 由霉菌产出的毒素出现在谷物和谷物产品上 Wheat, Corn, Barley, Sorghum, DDGS 小麦, 玉米, 大麦, 高粱, 玉米酒槽 In the

3 Introduction to Mycotoxins 霉菌毒素介绍 Mycotoxins 霉菌毒素 Toxins produced by molds present on cereal grains and byproducts 由霉菌产出的毒素出现在谷物和谷物产品上 Wheat, Corn, Barley, Sorghum, DDGS 小麦, 玉米, 大麦, 高粱, 玉米酒槽 In the US, we are now finding mycotoxins in soybean meal 在美国, 我们发现霉菌毒素也存在豆粕中 Produced in response to stressful conditions 产出于对紧张环境的反应 Drought or excessive water/humidity 干旱或太多水 / 过湿 Excessive temperature changes 过多温度变化 Mechanical damage 机械损伤 Insect damaged or cracked grain 昆虫损坏谷物或使谷物裂开 more potential for mold 更有可能出现霉菌 Mycotoxins can negatively affect 霉菌毒素可以对这些产生负面影响 Performance 生产成绩 Health 健康

4 会议议程 Agenda Today s discussion 今天的讨论主题 Focus on key mycotoxins of concern 针对霉菌毒素的忧虑 Clinical signs 临床表现 Management strategies 管理策略

5 Common mycotoxins 常见霉菌毒素 Aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素 Zearalenone 玉米烯酮 Vomitoxin 呕吐毒素 Fumonisin 伏马毒素 Orchatoxin 赭曲霉素 Ergot 麦角

6 Aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素 Mold 霉菌 Aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉 The only federally regulated mycotoxin 唯一一个受联邦政府监管的霉菌毒素 US Food Drug Administration limit < 20ppb in feed 美国食品及药物管理局限制饲料中含量小于 20ppb Can be transported through milk 可以通过牛奶转运 125ppb may reduce growth of pigs 大于等于 125ppb 可能会减缓猪的生长 Clinical signs of aflatoxin toxicity for pigs 对于猪黄曲霉毒素毒性的临床表现 Reduced growth and efficiency 生长迟缓且效率下降 Impaired lipid digestion & kidney function 脂质消化及肾脏功能受损 Liver necrosis 肝坏死 Fatty infiltration of liver 肝脂肪浸润 Immune suppression 免疫抑制 Death 死亡

Infertility 不孕不育 Prolapses 下垂 Missing skin at birth 出生时皮肤缺失 Splay

7 Zearalenone 玉米烯酮 Mold 霉菌 Fusarium graminearum 禾谷镰刀菌 Clinical signs 临床表现 Hyper-oestrogenism 雌激素过多 Swollen vulvas 外阴肿大 Abortion 流产 Infertility 不孕不育 Prolapses 下垂 Missing skin at birth 出生时皮肤缺失 Splay legged pigs at birth 出生时腿张开的小猪 Clinical signs at 100 to 250 ppb 在 100 至 250ppb 之间出现临床表现

8 Vomitoxin 呕吐毒素 Mold 霉菌 Fusarium graminearum 禾谷镰刀菌 Clinical signs 临床表现 Feed refusal/low intake 拒食 / 采食量低 Vomiting 呕吐 Intestinal lesions 肠道病变 Immune suppression 免疫抑制 Levels when clinical signs appear 临床症状出现的水平 Nursery - 1 ppm 保育 -1ppm Grow-finish - 2 ppm 育肥 -2ppm

9 Fumonisin 伏马毒素 Mold 霉菌 Fusarium moniliforme 串珠镰刀菌 Fusarium poliferatrum 镰刀菌素 Clinical signs 临床表现 Pulmonary edema 肺水肿 Immune suppression 免疫抑制 Death 死亡 Levels when clinical signs appear 临床症状出现的水平 4 to 5 ppm 4-5 ppm

10 Ochratoxin 赭曲霉素 Mold 霉菌 Aspergillus ochraceus 赭曲霉 Penicillium viridicatum 纯绿色肯霉 Clinical signs 临床表现 Enteritis 肠炎 Kidney function 肾功能 Fatty liver 脂肪肝 Levels when clinical signs appear 引起临床表现的水平 0.2 ppm affects kidneys 0.2ppm 影响肾脏 1.5 to 2 ppm affects growth 1.5 至 2ppm 影响生长

11 Ergot 麦角 Mold 霉菌 Claviceps purpurea 麦角菌 Clinical signs 临床表现 Staggers 蹒跚症 Reduced growth 发育减缓 Tail loss 尾巴缺失 Paralysis 瘫痪 Death 死亡 Levels when clinical signs appear 临床出现的水平 200 ppb

12 Summary of Common Mycotoxins 常见霉菌毒素总结 Mycotoxin 霉菌毒素 Common Effects 常见影响 Aflatoxin Liver/Kidney/Immune Function 黄曲霉毒素肝脏肾脏免疫功能 Zearalenone Reproductive Issues 玉米烯酮生殖系统问题 Vomitoxin Feed Refusal & Vomiting 呕吐毒素拒食及呕吐 Fumonisin Pulmonary Edema & Immune Function 伏马毒素肺水肿及免疫功能 Ochratoxin Liver/Kidney Function & enteritis 赭曲霉素肝脏 / 肾脏功能及肠炎 Ergot Staggers, paralysis, tail loss, Reduced growth 麦角蹒跚症, 瘫痪, 尾巴缺失, 生长迟缓 *Level of concern depends on other mycotoxins present 需要引起注意的水平根据其它出现的霉菌毒素而异 Levels of concern 需要引起注意的水平 * 20 ppb limit by FDA FDA 限制 20ppb ppb 1-2 ppm 4-5 ppm 0.2 ppm 200 ppb Check legal guidelines for tolerable levels in feedstuffs in different countries 依据法律准则检查不同国家饲料里可接受水平

13 Safety Thresholds May be Lower With Multiple Mycotoxins 多种霉菌毒素出现的情况下安全阈值可能会变低 Molds present in combinations can cause clinical signs at lower detectable levels 霉菌混合出现时低水平含量可导致临床表现 Safety thresholds generally established with 1 mycotoxin 一般安全阈值在有一种霉菌毒素的情况下建立 Certain farms may see symptoms of one mycotoxin over another, even when levels are below the clinical levels 一些农场可能只看到一种霉菌毒素的症状, 即使低于临床水平

14 Routine Testing and Surveillance are Important 定期检测和监测是非常重要的 Tests in the US commonly measure types of toxins, but there are many more that are undetected that may be contributing to problems 美国只检测种毒素, 但未检测到的毒素还有很多种, 它们可能会造成很大的问题 Testing can provide information to develop a mitigation approach 检测可以提供开发新缓解方法的信息

15 What Can We Do about Mycotoxins 关于霉菌毒素我们可以做什么? Dilution 稀释 Reduce the more contaminated ingredients 减少污染更多的成分 Segregation 分离 Feed to lower risk animals. 喂养低风险动物 May be impractical in many situations 可能在很多情况下都不实用 Prevention 预防 Growing conditions 生长环境 Storage conditions 存储环境 Many mitigation products exist to mitigate mycotoxins primary functions 有很多缓解性产物可以来缓解霉菌毒素主要功能 : Bind 约束 Degrade 降级 Provide support 提供支持

16 Dilution may be a Solution 稀释可能是一个解决方案 Levels of Mycotoxins vary across Ingredients 因成分而异霉菌毒素水平不同 Mycotoxins concentrate ~3x in DDGS vs corn 玉米酒槽中的霉菌毒素浓缩量是玉米的 3 倍 Vomitoxin, ppb Corn DDGS October Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July

17 Segregate Contaminated Ingredients if Possible 如可能分离被污染的成分 Understand mycotoxin levels in ingredients and minimize total dietary mycotoxins 了解在不同成分中霉菌毒素的水平并最小化使用霉菌毒素的总数 Blend in uncontaminated ingredients 混合未被污染的成分 Understand which animals will be more sensitive 了解哪些动物更敏感 Don t feed feedstuffs with zearalenone to growing or mature reproductive females 不要给成长或成熟生殖母猪喂养有玉米烯酮的饲料 Older animals can tolerate vomitoxin better than newly weaned pigs 年长猪对呕吐毒素的耐受力强于新生的断乳小猪

18 Ingredient and Feed Storage can Affect Mycotoxins 成分及饲料存储可以影响霉菌毒素 Be sure that stored grain is dried and aerated to recommended moisture levels to prevent further mold growth and mycotoxin production 确保储藏谷物的干燥性和通风性, 并确保在合理的潮湿水平以防止霉菌的生产和成长 Organic acids (propionic, fumaric, citric) can prevent mold growth. 有机酸 ( 丙反丁烯二柠檬酸 ) 可以预防霉菌成长 Proper on farm feed bin and feed system management is critical to minimize additional mycotoxins 农场上干净的饲料箱及饲喂系统管理对于最小化多余的霉菌毒素非常重要

19 On Farm Management 农场管理 Farm control 农场控制 Feed pans 料槽 Feed lines 饲养生产线 Feed tubes 饲养输送管 Bins 饲料罐

20 Keep Feeders Clean 保持饲料器干净

21 Feed Lines can contain Mold 供料管线可能存在霉菌

alternatively to ensure complete emptying of bin

22 Empty bins periodically 定期清空饲料罐 Make sure bin lids close properly 确保饲料罐盖关闭 Keep out moisture 去除潮湿 Run bins alternatively to ensure complete emptying of bin 交替的使用饲料罐以确保箱完全清空 Feed Bin Repair and Function is Important 饲料罐修理及功能是很重要的

23 Proper Management of Wet Feeding Systems is Important to Reduce Mycotoxins 正确管理潮湿喂养体系对于减少霉菌毒素非常重要 Liquid or wet feeding systems increase the risk of on-farm mycotoxin growth 液体或潮湿的喂养体系容易增加农场中霉菌毒素增长的风险 Keep equipment clean 保持器械干净 Flush regularly 定期冲洗

24 Be Vigilant for Clinical Signs 警惕任何临床表现 Notify feed company/nutritionist and veterinarian if clinical signs demonstrate concern for mycotoxins 如果有霉菌毒素的临床症状, 及时通知饲料公司 / 营养家和兽医专家 May be hard to find a positive feed sample 可能很难找到阳性的饲料样本 May have a piece of moldy feed in the bin that has fallen into feed line and is fed for one day 可能有一些发霉的饲料放进饲料生产线且喂食了一天

25 Management 管理 Collect samples of the suspect grain and send to a commercial analytical laboratory for determination of levels of mycotoxins 收集可疑谷物的样本并送至商业分析实验室来确定霉菌毒素的水平 Sample multiple loads of ingredient and mix the samples together well 取不同批次谷物的样本并且充分混合在一起 Take a portion from that mixed sample 取一部分混合的样本 Keep dry and cool 保持干燥和冷藏 Grind well 充分搅碎 Analyze 分析

26 Summary 小结 Mycotoxins influence growth and health of pigs 霉菌毒素影响猪的生长及健康 Routine monitoring helps inform the development of solutions 定期监测帮助告知解决方案的发展情况 Dilution 稀释 Mitigation products 缓解性产物 Prevent growth of additional mycotoxins 防止多于霉菌毒素的生长 Ingredients, on farm storage and feed system 成分, 农场上的存储及喂养体系 Mitigation strategy will be situation specific 缓解性措施会是依情况而异

27 Acknowledgements 致谢 University of Minnesota 明尼苏达大学 Carthage Veterinary Service 卡美兽医服务中心 CM 卡美农业咨询 Professional Swine Management 专业猪业管理

28 卡美农业技术咨询有限公司简介 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH CONSULTING LIMITED INTRODUCTION 感谢关注! THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

会议议程 Agenda Today s discussion 今天的讨论主题 Focus on key mycotoxins of concern 针对霉菌毒素的忧虑 Clinical signs 临床表现 Management strategies 管理策略

会议议程 Agenda Today s discussion 今天的讨论主题 Focus on key mycotoxins of concern 针对霉菌毒素的忧虑 Clinical signs 临床表现 Management strategies 管理策略 Mycotoxins and understanding their impact 了解霉菌毒素的影响卡美农业技术咨询有限公司简介 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH CONSULTING LIMITED INTRODUCTION 卡美农业咨询您的国际外援 CARTHAGE & MHJ AGRITECH CONSULTING YOU INTERNATIONAL BACKUP 会议议程