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1 39 4 Vol. 39, No ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA Jul., doi: 0.754/205.93, 2 张晓雁杜浩刘志刚危起伟乔新美 2 张艳珍熊伟 2 王彦鹏 2 蔡经江 (., ; 2. ( ), 0008) : (Acipenser sinensis),, : (Mallotus villosus),,, %.60%, 7, (9 44.6% 23.30%), ( 5.00% 3.23%), (), T3(TT3) T4(TT4) T3(FT3) T4(FT4),, TT3 FT3,,,,,, : ; ; ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S965.2 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (205) (Acipenser sinensis),, [] [2],,,,,, [2, 3],,,,, [4, 5],,,, [2, 6],,,,,, ( ),, , ( 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : ( ) ( ); (37243); 973 (205CB50702) 作者简介 : (973 ),, ;, ; zn7@sina.com 通信作者 : (960 ),, ;, ; weiqw@yfi.ac.cn

2 m 2.0 m 3.8 m, , mg/l, m/s) 2, 2 28 ( 29.0 m.0 m 4.4 m, 20.0 m 3.0 m, , mg/l, 50 min/, 2.2 kg/m 3 ) 9.2 [2] ( F5 F38) , , cm cm; 57 5 kg kg, (2 ), Mg 2+ TP GLB ALP Ht ( ) [7], 4 (,, ), 2 (206±6) (89±4) cm, (89±9) (72±4) kg (Mallotus villosus),,,,,, 0.9% (Scomberomorus niphonius)(loligo chinensis)(penaeus vanname),,,.3 :,,, : :, 6, 5 m/, 6, 3 4 ; 4,. m/, ( ) :, ;,, ;,, ;,, :, 0 cm; 5 0 cm; 5 cm; : :,, 3 5 ml,, 3000 r/min 20min, 4 : (Red blood sell, RBC): 0.5% NaCl 200, Neubarner 血红蛋白量 (Hemoglobin, Hb): 采用比色法测定 (Hematocritvalue, Ht): Feed 表产后亲本饵料的营养成分 Tab. The composition of feed of post-spawned cultured Acipenser sinensis (%) Moisture Crude protein Crude fat Ash Phosphorus Calcium Mallotus villosus Self-designed diet

3 4 : : (Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) T3 (Serum T3, TT3) T4 (Serum T4, TT4) T3 (Serum free T3, FT3) T4 (Serum free T4, FT4) (Calcium, Ca 2+ ) (Phosphorus, P 3+ ) (Magnesium, Mg 2+ ) (Glutamate-pyruvate, ALT) (Aspartate aminotransferase, AST) (Alkaline phosphatase, ALP) (Cholinesterase, CHE) (Total protein, TP) (Albumin, ALB) (Globulin, GLB) (Triglycerides, TG) (Total cholestero, CHO)(Glucose, GLU) ( ) (OLYMPUS AU400), (ADVIA Centaur CP).4 : (Growth rate of length, GRL): GRL=(l 2 l )/l : (Growth rate of weight, GRW): GRW=(W 2 W )/W, l l 2 (cm); W W 2 (kg) SPSS 3.0 (ANOVA), P<0.05 ± 2 2.,, 2,,, (2 28 ),, ( ), 20d,, 4,,,, 5, 4 ( 2),,, 4, 0.52% 2.04%, 0.39%.60% 2.2 ( ),, cm, kg, 5.00% 3.23%, 44.6% 23.30% 2.9% 2.65% 5.73% 5.56%, 2.3,, 5, 6, Ca 2+ P 3+ AST CHE GLU RBC ( 5 ), 9 TT4 FT4 ALP TP ALB GLB CHO TG Hb ( 8 ) Tab. 2 表 2 产后亲本在驯养池的摄食行为 The feeding behaviour of post-spawned cultured Acipenser sinensis during the recovering in the aquarium Month / Feeding quantity (%) Swimming area and depth Swimming balance Feeding activity Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male , , , 3 4, , 3 4, , 3 4, : ++++( ); +++ ( ); ++ ( ); +( ) Note: ++++means the best degree; +++means the better degree; ++ means the worse degree; + means the worst degree

4 Fig. Changes in the body length and the body weight of postspawned cultured Acipenser sinensis during the recovering 4, TT3 FT3 ALT, TT3 FT3 3, ALT.7, Ht TSH Mg A/G, ( 3) ( 4) 2, Ca 2+ AST GLB RBC 4, FT4 TT4 TP ALB A/G CHO Ht Hb 8, TT3 FT3, 2, ALP TSH Mg 2+ P 3 ALT CHE GLU TG 7,,, GLB,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, 3.2, [8],,, 2 [9] ;,, 7 2, 2 3 [5],,,,,,,,,, [5],,,, [4, 0],,, [],,, 20d [4],, [8],,, [4, 5],,,,, [9],, ( ),,,

5 4 : 709 表 3 雌性亲本产后培育期间血液指标与参照组比较 Tab. 3 Comparison of the blood indices between the post-spawned female and the referenced female during recovery (n=4) The post-spawned female The referenced female Blood index TSH (µiu/ml) ±0 0.02±0 0.0±0 T3 TT3 (ng/ml) ± ± ±0.08 T4 TT4 (µg/dl) ± ± ±0.3 T3 FT3 (pg/ml) ± ± ±0.44 T4 FT4 (ng/dl) ± ± ±0.08 Ca 2+ (mmol/l) ±0.07.9± ±0.07 P 3+ (mmol/l) ± ± ±0.20 Mg 2+ (µmol/l) ± ± ±0.08 ALT (U/L) ± ± ±2.6 AST (U/L) ± ± ±7.8 ALP (U/L) ± ± ±7.0 CHE (mmol/l) ± ± ±0. TP (g/l) ± ± ±4.37 ALB (g/l) ± ± ±.86 GLB (g/l) ± ± ±3.24 A/G ± ± ±0.09 CHO (mmol/l) ± ± ±0.55 TG (mmol/l) ± ± ±0.65 GLU (mmol/l) ± ± ±0.89 RBC (0 2 /L) ± ± ±0.09 Hb (g/l) ±7 85±5 83±3 Ht ± ± ±3.3 表 4 雄性亲本产后培育期间血液指标与参照组比较 Tab. 4 Comparison of the blood indices between the post-spawned male and the referenced male during recovery (n=4) The post-spawned male The referenced male Blood index TSH ±0 0.02±0 0.0±0.0 T3 TT ± ± ±0.4 T4 TT ± ± ±0.24 T3 FT ± ± ±0.58 T4 FT ± ± ±0. Ca ±0.4.86±0.0.8±0.07 P ± ± ±0.02 Mg ± ± ±0.06 ALT ±.0.3± ±.7 AST ± ± ±23.7 ALP ± ± ±7.4 CHE ± ± ±36.7 TP ± ± ±3.20 ALB ± ± ±.36 GLB ± ± ±3.20 A/G ± ± ±0.2 CHO ± ± ±0.95 TG ± ±0.87.9±.2 GLU ±0.44.8± ±0.58 RBC ± ± ±0.0 Hb ±0 75±4 78±8 Ht ± ± ±2.9

6 70 39,, [2],,, [3],,,,, 7,, [5], ( ),,,, 3.3 [2],,, [9], [3], [4],,,,, 3.4 T3 T4 [T3 T4 ( ) ],, T3 T4 [5], TSH, T4 T3 [6], TSH, (Sparus macroehhalus) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [7] () [8],, TT3 FT3 TT4, 6, TT3 FT3,, TT3 FT3, [7, 8] RBC Ht, Hb,,, RBC Ca 2+ Mg 2+ P 3+ 3 Ca 2+ P 3+, Mg 2+, 3,, Ca 2+ 2, [9] ALT,,, ALT AST, CHE,, ALT AST [20, 2] 3 ALT AST CHE, ALT.7,, [22] ALP,, ALP [22, 23] ALP,, ALP

7 4 : 7 ALP,, 6 GLU, CHO TG, TP [24, 25] TP ALB GLB,, (Acipenser schrenckii) [26],,,, TP ALB GLB, TP ALB GLB TP ALB GLB 2, TG CHO GLU,,,,,,,, 202,,,,, [] Wang J H, Wei Q W, Zou Y C. Conservation strategies for the Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, an overview on 30 years of practices and future needs [J]. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 20, 27(2): [2] Wei Q W, Li L X, Du H, et al. Research on technology for controlled propagation of cultured Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) [J]. Journal of Fishery Science of China, 203, 20(): [,,,.., 203, 20(): ] [3] Webb M A, Doroshov S I. Importance of environmental endocrinology in fisheries management and aquaculture of sturgeons [J]. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 20, 70(2): [4] Zhang X Y, Liu J Y, Wei Q W, et al. Recovery of foraging ability of wild female Chinese sturgeon after artificial propagation in aquarium by different feeding methods [J]. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2007, 42(2): [,,,.., 2007, 42(2): 42 46] [5] Wei Q W, Zhang X Y, Zhang X F, et al. Acclimating and maintaining Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis in a large public aquarium environment [J]. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 20, 27(2): [6] Guo B F, Chang J B, Xiao H, et al. The productive biology of first filial generation of Acipenser sinensis growing up in the freshwater environment [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 20, 35(6): [,,,.., 20, 35(6): ] [7] Zhang X Y. Blood biochemistry and its applications in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) [D]. Thesis for Master of Science. Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan. 202 [..,,. 202] [8] Liu L, Zhang J M, Guo F, et al. Effects of renewal cultivation and renewal reproduction after spawning in Japanese eel Anguilla japonica [J]. Journal of Fishery Science of China, 2004, (): [,,,.., 2004, (): 54 58] [9] Chen X H. Biology and Resources Status of Acipenseriformes [M]. Beijing: Ocean Press. 2007, [.. :. 2007, 96 99] [0] Zhuang P, Zhang L Z, Luo G, et al. Function of sense organs to the feeding behavior of juveniles Chinese sturgeon captured from the Yangtze estuary [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2008, 32(4): [,,,.., 2008, 32(4): ] [] Kasumyan A Q. Sturgeon food searching behaviour evoked by chemical stimuli: a reliable sensory mechanism [J]. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2002, 8(4 6): [2] Yu Y Q. Prevention methods of anorexia in postpartum sows [J]. Shandong Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 202, 33(22): [.., 202, 33(22): 34 35] [3] Xie C X. Ichthyology [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press. 200, 304 [.. :. 200, 304] [4] Yang D G, Wei Q W, Wang K, et al. Three types of culture Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) and analysis of their effects by comparison [J]. South China Fisheries Sciences, 2006, 2(2): 5 [,,,.., 2006, 2(2): 5] [5] Lin H R. Fish Physiology [M]. Guangzhou: Guangzhou Higher Education Press. 2004, 222 [..

8 72 39 :. 2004, 222] [6] Pedro N D, Delgado M J, Gancedo B, et al. Changes in glucose, glycogen, thyroid activity and hypothalamic catecholamines in tench by starvation and refeeding [J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2003, 73(6): [7] Deng L, Zhang W M, Lin H R. Effects of starvation on the contents of growth hormone and triiodothyronine in serum, and lipid and protein of white muscles and livers in black seabream [J]. Zoological Research, 2003, 24(2): [,,.., 2003, 24(2): 94 98] [8] Wang G Q, Zhou G Q, Chen J M, et al. Effect of dietary protein on growth and hormone of cultural burnus juveniles [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2008, 32(4): [,,,. 鲌., 2008, 32(4): ] [9] Matsche M A, Rosemary K M, Brundage H M. Hematology and plasma chemistry of wild shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum from Delawarw River, USA [J]. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 203, 29(): 6 4 [20] Zhong Q J, Zhang S F. The Analysis Technique of Biochemistry [M]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press. 202, [,.. :. 202, ] [2] Wang Z D, Yang J J, Li L A, et al. Effects of different intensities of swimming stress on serum ALT, AST and AIP activities in mice [J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 203, (): [,,,. ALT AST ALP., 203, (): 64 66] [22] Su H X, Zhong Y H, Gao B H. Detection and clinical value of liver function for the patients with hyperthyroidism [J]. Journal of Guangxi Medical University, 2002, 22(): 9 92 [,,.., 2002, 22(): 9 92] [23] Wang S Y, Yan S M. Research progress of alkaline phosphatase in bone metabolism of animal [J]. Feed Review, 2009, (4): 4 6 [,.., 2009, (4): 4 6] [24] Qiang J, Yang H, Wang H, et al. Effects of different dietary protein levels on serum biochemical indices and expression of liver HSP70 mrna in gift tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under low temperature stress [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 203, 37(3): [,,,. HSP70 mrna., 203, 37(3): ] [25] De Pedro N, Guijarro A I, Lpez-patio M A, et al. Daily and seasonal variations in hematological and blood biochemical parameters in the tench, Tinva tinca Linnaeus, 758 [J]. Aquaculture Research, 2005, 36(2): [26] Zhang L Z, Zhuang P, Zhang T, et al. Hematological biochemical norm of different age groups of cultured Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) [J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2007, 3(2): [,,,.., 2007, 3(2): 59 64]

9 4 : 73 THE POST-SPAWNED RECOVERY OF CULTURED CHINESE STURGEON ACIPENSER SINENSIS ZHANG Xiao-Yan, 2, DU Hao, WEI Qi-Wei, ZHANG Yan-Zhen 2, WANG Yan-Peng 2, CAI Jing-Jiang 2, LIU Zhi-Gang, QIAO Xin-Mei and XIONG Wei (. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan , China; 2. Beijing Xinwoda Marine Technology Co. Ltd (Beijing Aquarium), Beijing 0008, China) Abstract: In this study, we recorded the feeding behavior, the growth indicators and the blood indices for months after the spawning of cultured Chinese sturgeon. The growth indicators and the blood samples of the 2 referenced groups were also analyzed, and these 2 groups were in the slow gonad development stage and the same age as the female and male post-spawned individuals. We tested 22 blood indices that included red blood cells (RBC), hematocritvalue (Ht), Hemoglobin (Hb), serum calcium (Ca 2+ ), phosphorus (P 3+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), glutamate-pyruvate (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (CHE), magnesium (Mg), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), albumin/ globulin (A/G), total cholestero (CHO), triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum T3 (TT3), serum T4 (TT4), serum free T3 (FT3), and serum free T4 (FT3). We found that the re-feeding of the post-spawned sturgeons can be induced with Mallotus villosus, the preferred feed of the two sturgeons before the controlled reproduction. Then the sturgeons started to feed on self-designed diet composed of Mallotus villosus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Loligo chinensis and Penaeus vanname. The feeding of the post-spawned female was initially abnormal due to the weakness, and then the feeding quantity increased to 2.04% of the body weight (to.60% of body weight in the post-spawned male at the same time) and the feeding turned back to normal 7 months post-spawning. As the feeding quantity increased over 9 months of recovery, the post-spawned cultured sturgeons showed the higher growth rates of the body length (5.00% and 3.23% for the female and the male respectively) and the body weight (44.6% and 23.30% for the female and the male respectively) than those of the two referenced groups. The concentrations of TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4 and many other blood indices of the two post-spawned sturgeons were lower than those of the two referenced groups in the early recovery, then most of the indices increased nearly to the average levels in the referenced groups, and the levels of TT3 and FT3 were much higher than the average values in the two referenced groups. These implied that the two post-spawned sturgeons were recovered. Our data suggested that refined culture technique could effectively improve the recovery and elevate the growth rate of the post-spawned cultured sturgeon (especially for the female). Our study is also crucial for the reuse of cultured Chinese sturgeon resources and for improving the fecundity after re-maturation. Key words: Acipenser sinensis; After-spawning; Feeding behavior; Growth; Serum thyroid indicators; Blood cell indices; Serum biochemical indices

22 Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine 2011 Vol. 43 No % 3% 3% /% % 6. 67% 1. 71% 1. 11% 0. 14% 0.

22 Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine 2011 Vol. 43 No % 3% 3% /% % 6. 67% 1. 71% 1. 11% 0. 14% 0. 2011 43 5 21 3 1 1* 1 2 3 1 1. 2. 3. 78. 68±2. 95 g 28 300 3 5 3% 3 1 ALT TP ALB AST 0. 05 P>0. 05 ALT TP ALB P>0. 05 AST 0. 05 GLOB P>0. 05 2 INS 0. 05 TSH T 3 0. 05 P>0. 05 GLU GH T4 IGF-I P>0. 05 S816.