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1 养殖密度对循环水系统中大菱鲆生长和蛋白质代谢的影响 1, 韩岑 2 1,, 雷霁霖 2, 刘宝良 2, 贾睿 2, 姜志强 1, 赵奎峰 3 3, 王国文 (1., ; 2.,,, ; 3., ) 摘要 : 在工厂化循环水养殖系统中, 将初始体质量为 186 g±2.0 g 的大菱鲆 (Scophthalmus maximus) 放养于低 (9.4 kg/m 2 ±0.2 kg/m 2 ) 中(13.6 kg/m 2 ±0.8 kg/m 2 ) 高 (19.1 kg/m 2 ±1.3 kg/m 2 ) 3 个养殖密度, 以研究不同养殖密度对大菱鲆生长消化酶和蛋白质代谢的影响养殖 120 d 后, 低中高试验组养殖密度分别增长至 26.1 kg/m 2 ± 1.2 kg/m kg/m 2 ± 2.5 kg/m kg/m 2 ± 3.6 kg/m 2 结果表明: 低密度组和中密度组中大菱鲆增质量率特定生长率肥满度和蛋白质效率均显著 (P<0.05) 高于高密度组 ; 而饲料系数显著低于高密度组 (P<0.05) 低密度组和中密度组大菱鲆总蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力显著低于高密度组 (P<0.05); 但脂肪酶活力在 3 个密度组之间无显著性差异与低密度组相比, 高密度组显著提高了谷氨酸脱氢酶活力, 同时降低了谷草转氨酶和亮氨酸氨肽酶活力 (P<0.05), 而对谷丙转氨酶活力无任何影响综上所述, 在工厂化循环水系统中, 增加养殖密度能提高养殖的产量, 但过高的养殖密度会对大菱鲆生长消化酶活力以及蛋白质代谢产生不利的影响关键词 : 循环水系统 ; 大菱鲆 (Scophthalmus maximus); 养殖密度 ; 生长 ; 蛋白质代谢中图分类号 : S965.3 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2017) DOI: //hykx (Scophthalmus maximus),, (Osteichthyes), (Chordata), (Pleuronectiformes),,,, [1-4], [5-6],,,, (Recirculating aquaculture system, RAS), [7], Bussel [8], ; 喆 [9],,,,,, ; [10],,, ; [11],,, : ; : : ( ); (2014-MSENC-KF-02); (CARS-50-G10); (BE ) [Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No , No ; The Open Subject Programs of Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, No MSENC-KF-02; The Support Program of Modern Agriculture National Flatfish Industrial System, No. CARS-50-G10; Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province of China, No. BE ] : (1989-),,,,, : , hncn1989@163.com;,,, liubl@ysfri.ac.cn 32 / 2017 / 41 / 3

2 , RAS, [12-15], [16], (Epinephelus awoara),, ; [17],,,, ;, [18] (Salmo salar),, ; [15] (Paralichthys olivaceus),, [19] (Epinephelus coioiaes),,,,,, [20-22], [23],,, 1 材料与方法 1.1 实验用鱼及饲料 RAS,, g±2.0 g, : 52% 12% 16.0% 3.0% 12% 5% 2.3% 3.8% 1.2 实验设计及日常管理 15 d, 30 m 2, 0.5 m 3 : (1) 1 500, 9.4 kg/m 2 ; (2) 2 200, 13.6 kg/m 2 ; (3) 3 100, 19.1 kg/m 2 3, 120 d 2 (7: 00; 19: 00), 1.0%~1.2%, : 16.5~18.5, ph 7.2~7.8, 9~ 10 mg/l, ~ , 0.07~0.17 mg/l, 0.06~0.15 mg/l, COD 3.78~4.66 mg/l 1.3 指标测定 1.3.1, 1 d,, (%)=( )/ 100 (%/d)=(ln ln )/ 100 = /( ) (%)= / (%)=( )/( ) 100 (%)= / d, 20,,, (TMP) Hummel [24] ; (AMS) (LPS) Furné [25] ; (AST) (ALT) (GDH) (LAP) ELISA ( ), 1.4 数据处理 ±, SPSS18.0 (One-Way ANOVA), P<0.05 Marine Sciences / Vol. 41, No. 3 /

3 2 结果 2.1 不同养殖密度对大菱鲆生长的影响 d, 3 (P<0.05),, g, 26.1 kg/m 2 ;, g, 38.2 kg/m 2 ;, g, 52.3 kg/m d, (WGR) (SGR) (CF) (P<0.05) ; (P<0.05),, ; (FI), (PER) (P<0.05),, ; 99%, (P>0.05) 表 1 不同养殖密度对大菱鲆生长摄食的影响 Tab.1 Effects of density on growth and feed intake in turbot (Scophthatmus maximus) ( ) ± 0.97 a ± 0.82 a ± 1.54 a ( ) ± 1.26 a ± 2.52 b ± 2.60 c (%) 1.91 ± 0.01 a 1.89 ± 0.01 a 1.78 ± 0.03 b (%/ ) 0.89 ± 0.01 a 0.88 ± 0.01 a 0.85 ± 0.01 b 0.99 ± 0.01 a 1.08 ± 0.01 b 1.10 ± 0.01 c ( g) a b c (%) 3.88 ± 0.05 a 3.87 ± 0.04 a 3.74 ± 0.10 b (%) ± 0.27 a ± 0.94 b ± 1.84 c (%) 99.6 ± 0.23 a 99.5 ± 0.57 a 99.7 ± 0.43 a : (P > 0.05); (P < 0.05) 2.2 不同养殖密度对大菱鲆主要消化酶的影响 1,, 120 d, (TMP) (AMS), 120 d, TMP AMS (P<0.05), ; (LPS), 不同养殖密度对大菱鲆主要蛋白质代谢相关酶活力的影响 2,,, (AST) (ALT) (LAP) 120 d, AST,, LAP, ALT 3 (GDH), 120 d, (P<0.05) 3 讨论 3.1 不同养殖密度对大菱鲆生长性能的影响 [13, 26],,,,,, WGR SGR, FCR,, Li [21] (13.84 g ± 2.74 g), 10, (0.66 kg/m 2 ) WGR SGR (4.00 kg/m 2 ),, FCR, (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) [14] (Amur sturgeon) [26] (Pelteobagrus vachelli) [27] 34 / 2017 / 41 / 3

[32],,, 3 120 d,, (Pelteobagrus vachelli) [33] (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [34] [35],,, 3.2 不同养殖密度对大菱鲆消化酶的影响 1 TMP AMS LPS Fig.

4 [32],,, d,, (Pelteobagrus vachelli) [33] (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [34] [35],,, 3.2 不同养殖密度对大菱鲆消化酶的影响 1 TMP AMS LPS Fig.1 Effects of density on the activities of TMP, AMS, and LPS of turbot (Scophthatmus maximus) (P < 0.05), 2 Different letter superscripts mean significant differences (P < 0.05), the same as Fig.2 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [28] SGR WGR,, [29] ; Irwin [30] (8.62 g ± 0.06 g),,, [31] ( kg/m 2 ), [36],,, [37] [38] (Pampus argenteus), TMP AMS ; (Paralichthys olivaceus) [39] ; (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Liang [40], AMS 120 d, TMP AMS, LPS 3,,,, [41] [42], TMP AMS, LPS 3, 3.3 不同养殖密度对大菱鲆蛋白质代谢相关酶活力的影响,, [43],, (AST) (ALT), [44], (AST), (ALT) 3, [45] Marine Sciences / Vol. 41, No. 3 /

Fig.2 2 AST ALT GDH LAP Effcets of density on the activities of AST, ALT, GDH and LAP of turbot (Scophthatmus maximus) Tejpal [46] Vijayan [47],, [45],,,,, ALT 3 AST, (GDH),,,, GDH [44] 120 d,

5 Fig.2 2 AST ALT GDH LAP Effcets of density on the activities of AST, ALT, GDH and LAP of turbot (Scophthatmus maximus) Tejpal [46] Vijayan [47],, [45],,,,, ALT 3 AST, (GDH),,,, GDH [44] 120 d, GDH,,,,, GDH, Vargas [48], [49], (LAP) [50], 4 结论,,,,,,,, 510 g 52.3 kg/m 2 : [1]. (Scophthalmus maximus) [J]., 2001, 2: Lei Jilin.The Introduction and domestication of turbot of China[J]. Animal Science Research in China, 2001, 2: [2]. [J]., 2005, 2: / 2017 / 41 / 3

6 Lei Jilin.The brief of turbot cultured in British[J]. Fisheries Science & Technology Information, 2005, 2: [3],,,., [J]., 2011, 35(1): Ma Aijun, Lei Jilin, Wang Xinan, et al. Quality assessment of broodstock, sperm, egg, oosperm and larva of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)[J]. Marine Sciences, 2011, 35(1): [4],. [J]., 2011, 35(6): Mi Nasha, Wang Dong. Status of turbot industry and its development trend in China[J]. Marine Sciences, 2011, 35(6): [5]. : [J]., 2000, 4: Lei Jilin.The introduction of new variety of mariculture: Scophthalmus maximus L.[J].China Fisheries, 2000, 4: [6],,,. [J]., 2002, 33(1): Ma Aijun, Lei Jilin, Chen Siqing, et al. Effects of spawning season on biologic and biochemistry characteristic of eggs of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2002, 33(1): [7] Ebeling J M, Timmons M B. Recirculating aquaculture systems[j]. Aquaculture Production Systems, 2012, [8] Bussel C G J V, Schroeder J P, Wuertz S, et al. The chronic effect of nitrate on production performance and health status of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima)[j]. Aquaculture, 2012, 326(1): [9] 喆,,,. [J]., 2010, 37(6): 1-5. Tian Zhe, Zhang Yanqing, Liu Ying, et al. Impact of different water refreshment rates on growth of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) and water quality[j]. Fishery Modernization, 2010, 37(6): 1-5. [10],, 喆,. [J]., 2011, 35(5): Sun Guoxiang, Li Yong, Tian Zhe, et al. Effects of flow rate on the growth, feed intake and water nitrogen in a closed recirculation aquaculture system of turbots (Scophthalmus maximus L.)[J]. Marine Sciences, 2011, 35(5): [11],,,. [J]., 2011, 32(6): LI Yong, Sun Guoxiang, Liu Yang, et al. Effect of temperature on feed intake, growth and digestive enzyme activity of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. in high stocking density of closed recirculation aquaculture system[j]. Progress In Fishery Sciences, 2011, 32(6): [12],,. [J]., 2011, 38(4): 1-5. Zhu Jianxin, Zhao Xia, Qu Keming. Effect of stocking density on growth and immunity of Scophthalmus maximus reared in recirulating system[j]. Fishery Modernization, 2011, 38(4): 1-5. [13] Larsen B K, Skov P V, McKenzie D J, et al. The effects of stocking density and low level sustained exercise on the energetic efficiency of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared at 19 C[J]. Aquaculture, 2012, 324: [14],,,., [J]., 2014, 38(5): Cao Yang, Li Erchao, Chen Liqiao, et al. Effect of stocking density on growth, physiological and immune responses in juvenile Russian sturgeon[j]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2014, 38(5): [15],. [J]., 2015, 17(1): Wang Feng, Lei Jilin. Effect of stocking density on growth and quality in muscles of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther adult fish in industrial recirculating aquaculture[j]. Engineering Sciences, 2015, 17(1): [16],,,. [J]., 2012, 27(6): Zhang Xiwen, Wu Yin, He Rujing, et al. The effects of stocking density on growth and physiological indices of grouper Epinephelus awoara in recirculating aquaculture[j]. Journal of Dalian Ceean University, 2012, 27(6): [17],,,. [J]., 2013, 40(2): Ren Hua, Lan Zeqiao, Wang Yiming, et al. Effect of different farming densities to the feeding behavior, growth and survival of sturgeon juvenile[j]. Fishery Modernization, 2013, 40(2): [18],,. [J]., 2013, 5: Hu Jiaping, Li Qi, Li Xiaojie. Trial on optimal stocking Marine Sciences / Vol. 41, No. 3 /

7 density of Salmon in Circulating system[j]. Hebei Fisheries, 2013, 5: [19]. [J]., 2015, 3: Wang Nannan.Effect of stocking density on growth and survival of malabar grouper Epinephelus malabaricus and water quality in an indoor recirculating aquaculture system[j]. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 2015, 3: [20] Salas-Leiton E, Anguis V, Martín-Antonio B, et al. Effects of stocking density and feed ration on growth and gene expression in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis): potential effects on the immune response[j]. Fish & shellfish immunology, 2010, 28(2): [21] Li X, Liu Y, Blancheton J P. Effect of stocking density on performances of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in recirculating aquaculture systems[j]. Oceanologia et Limnologia, 2013, 31(3): [22],,,. [J]., 2014, 16(9): Liu Baoliang, Lei Jilin, Jia Rui, et al. A review: the influence of stocking density on fish welfare[j]. Engineering Sciences, 2014, 16(9): [23],,,., [J]., 2012, 36(10): Gao Tingting, Li Yong, Zhang Jiaguo, et al. The effect of protein on growth, digestion and immunity of Turbot (Scophthatmus maximus L.) in industrial culture[j]. Marine Sciences, 2012, 36(10): [24] Hummel B C. A modified spectrophotometric determination of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and thrombin.[j]. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry & Physiology, 1959, 37(12): [25] Furné M, Hidalgo M C, López A, et al. Digestive enzyme activity in adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. A comparative study[j]. Aquaculture, 2005, 250(s 1-2): [26] Li D, Liu Z, Xie C. Effect of stocking density on growth and serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and cortisol in Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii[j]. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2012, 38(2): [27],,,. [J]. :, 2006, 24(3): Huang Ningyu, Xia Lianjun, Yao Zongli, et al. The influences of stocking density and water temperature on growth of juvenile Pseudobagrus vachelli Richardson raising In greenhouse[j]. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science), 2006, 24(3): [28]. [J]., 2009, 22(4): Jiang Rendang.Effect of stocking density on growth of rainbow trout juvenile[j]. Chinese Journal Fisheries, 2009, 22(4): [29] Ashley P J. Fish welfare: current issues in aquaculture[j]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2007, 104(3): [30] Irwin S, O'halloran J, FitzGerald R D. Stocking density, growth and growth variation in juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (Rafinesque)[J]. Aquaculture, 1999, 178(1): [31],,,. (Scophthalmus maximus L.), [J]., 2005, 36(3): Ma Aijun, Chen Chao, Lei Jilin, et al. Effect of stocking density on growth, feed conversion and pigmentation improvement of tutbot(scophthatmus maximus L.)[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2005, 36(3): [32],,,. 0~3 4~6 [J]., 2010, 43(17): Li Yong, Cai Huiyi, Liu Guohua, et al. Study on parameters of effciencies of energy and protein peposition in broilers between 0-3 and 4-6 weeks[j]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(17): [33],,,., [J]., 2008, 28(24): Yang Yanou, Yao Feng, Shu Nana, et al. Effect of stocking density on growth, feed conversion and energy budget of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson[J].Feed Industry, 2008, 28(24): [34] Trzebiatowski R, Filipiak J, Jakubowski R. Effect of stock density on growth and survival of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.)[J]. Aquaculture, 1981, 22: [35],,. [J]., 2004, 24(3): Yang Yanou, Yao Feng, Luo Ping. Effect of density on the growth and food utilization efficiency of hybrid tilapia[j]. Journal of Hubei Agricultural College, 2004, 24(3): [36]. [M]. :, Lin Haoran. Fish Physiology[M]. Guangzhou: Guangdong Higher Education Press, [37] Gisbert E, Giménez G, Fernández I, et al. Development of digestive enzymes in common dentex Dentex dentex during early ontogeny[j]. Aquaculture, 2009, 287(3): / 2017 / 41 / 3

8 [38],,,. [J]., 2013, 1: Peng Shiming, Lin Shaozhen, Shi Zhaohong, et al. Effects of rearing density on growth rate and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile Pampus argenteus[j]. Marine Fisheries, 2013, 1: [39] Bolasina S, Tagawa M, Yamashita Y, et al. Effect of stocking density on growth, digestive enzyme activity and cortisol level in larvae and juveniles of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus[j]. Aquaculture, 2006, 259(1): [40] Liang T, Ding J, Feng J, et al. Influence of breeding density on amylase activity and lipase activity of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix[j]. Open Journal of Fisheries Research, 2014, 1: [41] Jorgensen E H, Christiansen J S, Jobling M. Effects of stocking density on food intake, growth performance and oxygen consumption in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)[j]. Aquaculture, 1993, 110(2): [42] Valenti W C, Mello J T C, Castagnolli N. The effect of stocking density on Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) growth curves in earthen ponds (Crustacea palaemonidae)[j]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 1993, 10(3): [43] Berge G E, Sveier H, Lied E. Nutrition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); the requirement and metabolic effect of lysine[j]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 1998, 120(3): [44] Smutna M, Vorlova L, Svobodova Z. Pathobiochemistry of ammonia in the internal environment of fish (review)[j]. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2002, 71(2): [45],,,., [J]., 2013, 34(2): Xue Baogui, Lou Bao, Xu Dongdong, et al. Impact of density stress on growth, metabolism and non-specific immune functions of juvenile Nibea albiflora[j]. Progress In Fishery Sciences, 2013, 34(2): [46] Tejpal C S, Pal A K, Sahu N P, et al. Dietary supplementation of l-tryptophan mitigates crowding stress and augments the growth in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings[j]. Aquaculture, 2009, 293(3): [47] Vijayan M M, Leatherland J F. Effect of stocking density on the growth and stress-response in brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis[j]. Aquaculture, 1988, 75(1): [48] Vargas-Chacoff L, Martínez D, Oyarzún R, et al. Combined effects of high stocking density and Piscirickettsia salmonis treatment on the immune system, metabolism and osmoregulatory responses of the Sub-Antarctic Notothenioid fish Eleginops maclovinus[j]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2014, 40(2): [49] Taylor A. Aminopeptidases: structure and function[j]. The FASEB Journal, 1993, 7(2): [50] Matsui M, Fowler J H, Walling L L. Leucine aminopeptidases: diversity in structure and function[j]. Biological Chemistry, 2006, 387(12): Marine Sciences / Vol. 41, No. 3 /

9 Effect of stocking density on growth and protein metabolism of Scophthalmus maximus in a recirculating aquaculture system HAN Cen 1, 2, LEI Ji-lin 1, 2, LIU Bao-liang 2, JIA Rui 2, JIANG Zhi-qiang 1, ZHAO Kui-feng 3, WANG Guo-wen 3 (1. Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian , China; 2. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao , China; 3. Shandong Oriental Ocean Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai , China) Received: Jan. 12, 2016 Key words: Recirculating aquaculture system; Scophthalmus maximus L.; stocking density; growth; protein metabolism Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stocking density on growth, digestive enzyme activity, and protein metabolism of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) with an initial body weight of (186 ± 2.0) g in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). In this experiment, turbot were reared at three different initial densities (low 9.4 kg/m 2 ± 0.2 kg/m 2, medium 13.6 kg/m 2 ± 0.8 kg/m 2, and high 19.1 kg/m 2 ± 1.3 kg/m 2 ) for 120 days. Final densities were 26.1 kg/m 2 ± 1.2 kg/m 2, 38.2 kg/m 2 ± 2.5 kg/m 2, and 52.3 kg/m 2 ± 3.6 kg/m 2, respectively. The result shows that fish held at the highest density showed a lower (P < 0.05) weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) at the conclusion of the study than fish held at lower densities, but the highest density group had a higher (P < 0.05) feed coefficient rate (FCR) than fish held at lower densities. The total protease (TMP) and amylase (AMS) activities of the highest density group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the lower density groups, and the three groups did not differ significantly in lipase (LPS) activities. As stocking densities increased, the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities were significantly increased and the aspartate transaminase (AST) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activities were significantly decreased, but the alanine transaminase (ALT) activities were not significantly affected by density. We conclude that increasing stocking density can improve production in a RAS, but high stocking density may impact growth, digestive enzyme activity, and protein metabolism. ( 本文编辑 : 谭雪静 ) 40 / 2017 / 41 / 3

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32期中国农学通报 2014,30(32):38-42 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 中草药饲料添加剂对黄鳝性激素含量的影响 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 赵庆凯, 丁炜东, 邴旭文, 王建新 ( 1 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院, 江苏无锡 214081; 2 中国水产

Microsoft Word - 5——韩 岑_news_.doc

Microsoft Word - 5——韩岑_news_.doc