Henry GirouxPeter McLaren 1980 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Henry Giroux 1
The Development And Difficulties Of Critical Pedagogy In Taiwan Yu-Chen Lin Abstract Since the 1980 s, critical pedagogy has become a powerful discourse to challenge American education, particularly its ideological and political aspects. Because of its critical and liberal approach, critical pedagogy has been introduced and applied more widely in Taiwanese academics. In order to understand the application, this paper attempts to explore the development and difficulties of critical pedagogy in Taiwan. First, it introduces the background and major concepts of critical pedagogy. Second, it discusses relating research in Taiwan. Finally, it makes some suggestions for further research. The results show that Taiwan s critical pedagogy research has the following problems: 1. Critical pedagogy is understood in a partial manner. 2. There is an imbalance between theory and practice. 3. The critical language is decontextualized. 4. It lacks researches about teachers as transformative intellectuals. 5. It lacks researches about resistance of student culture. The suggestions were presented at the end of this paper. Keywords: critical pedagogy, resistance, transformative intellectual, Henry Giroux 2
...4...5...5 Paulo Freire1921-1997...5...6...7 1980...8 1990...9...11...12...12...14...15...15...16...17...18...18...19...19...20...21...21 3
Faulo Freire Freire H. Giroux (1985, xiv-xviii) Freire a language of critique a language of possibility Freire 1980 Henry GirouxPeter McLaren 1995 2000 Henry GirouxMichael Apple 4
Faulo Freire P. Freire 1980 1990 Paulo Freire1921-1997 Faulo Freire Farabundo MartiCesar Augusto SandinoRosa LuxemburgChe Guevara Sleeter & McLaren, 1995: 14 Freire critical literacy Weiler, 1988 5
17-18Freire1972 banking education conscientize P. Freire literacy language of critique language of possibility Giroux, 1985, xiv-xviii Freire Frankfurt School Theodor AdornoMax HorkheimerHerbert Marcuse McLaren, 1994 199824-25 John Dewey, William H. Kilpatrick 1920 George Counts Dwayne HuebnerTheodore Brameld James McDonald McLaren, 1994 6
Ornstein, 1995: 13 1970 / Weiler, 198812 1988172-174 Karl Marx 1 resistance 1. 2. 3. determined Giroux, 1983: 72 198871R. Gibson 1 Louis Althusser Samuel Bowles Herbert Gintis Pierre Bourdieu Basil Bernstein Antonio Gramci Giroux, 1983: 76-98Weiler, 1988: 6-11; 1998 7
P. Willis1977 lads Willis Giroux, 1983: 100-101 198872R. Gibson 1980 relative autonomy Giroux 1983: 102-107 8
Giroux 1980 1980 Henry GirouxMichael AppleJean AnyonPhilip WexlerBill PinarMadeline Grumet Giroux & McLaren, 1995: 30; Sleeter & McLaren, 1995: 15 Peter McLarenHenry GirouxStanley AronowitzBill Pinar Michael Apple Paul WillisKathleen WeilerBarry Kanpol Peter Mclaren McLaren, 1994 1990 1980 H. Giroux / H. Giroux 9
bell hookscornel WestStuart HallEdward SaidChandra MohantyLarry GrossbergGayatri C. Spivak / Giroux, 1992, 1-2Giroux & McLaren, 1995: 34-37 1990 H. Giroux / Roger Simon / Giroux, 1992, 3 Girux 1990 LankshearMcLaren literacy Patti Lather McLaren, 1994 Giroux (1992) border pedagogymclaren (2000) revolutionary pedagogybell hooks (1994) engaged pedagogy empowerment 10
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K. Weilerbell hooksp. McLaren Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies CCCS Apple1993 official knowledge Apple Apple Apple / Giroux regimes of truth 12
transformative intellectuals Giroux McLaren, 1988:xviii Giroux Giroux McLaren, 1988:xv-xvii P. McLarenK. Weilerbell hooks P. McLaren Life in schools McLaren K. Weiler1988 Weiler bell hooks Gloria Watkins P. Freire P. Freirebell hooks bell hooks 1994 engaged pedagogy 13
hooks, 199413-22 bell hooks Giroux Giroux McLaren, 1988:xv-xvii Willis CCCS Dick Hebdige1991 mods skin-heads punks R. W. Connell Roger Simon R. W. Connell DowsettKesslerAschenden (1982) Roger Simon (1983) Weiler, 1988: 23-24Connell Simon 14
1995 2000a 1999 Roger Simon1987 pedagogy teaching teaching pedagogy realities representations Roger Simon, 1987: 30 Hernandez, 199711-12 200242-43 pedagogy teaching 15
Freire 2 Freire Freire Freire 5 Freire e 2 Freire 1990 Freire 1988 1989 J. L. Elias S. Marriam 1995 2000 3 Giroux 1999 2001 H. A Giroux 2000Giroux 2000Giroux 1999Giroux 1999 4 1990 5 Freire 1995a 1995 1998 2000 16
1999 2001 1998 2001 2000a 2000b, 2001 2001 2000 1998 FreireGirouxApple Freire Weilerhooks 6 Apple 6 2001 Apple 2002 17
Apple 2000b, 2001 2001 / FreireGirouxApple Apple / Giroux / AppleGiroux Weilerhooks AppleGiroux WeilerhooksConnellSimon 18
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/ / 1988 17147-172 1989J. L. Elias S. Marriam 4 (4)126-134 1989J. L. Elias S. Marriam 3231-47 1990 1995a 46 46-52 1995b 25 20-24 2000 220-25 1999 6666-75 1990 1988 Gibson, R. 1999 22
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