Smith, Organ and Near(1983) Chattopadhyay (1999) Organ 1988 Konovsky and Pugh 1994 Moorman, Blakely and Niehoff 1998 (Perceived Organizational Support,POS) - 1 -
Burns and Stalker(1961) (Organic) (Mechanistic) (Input) - 2 -
- 3 -
1.1 1.1-4 -
Smith Organ and Near(1983) (Moorman,1991 ; Wayne,Shore & Liden,1997) Chattopadyay(1999) Katz(1964) 1. - 5 -
2. 3. Bateman and Organ(1983) (Citizenship Behaviors) Smith Organ and Near(1983) Organ(1988) (Organizational Citizenship Behaviors OCBs) Smith, Organ and Near(1983) Brief and Motowidlo(1986) (Prosocial Organizational - 6 -
Behaviors) Organ(1990) Graham(1991) (1992) (1996) (Bateman & Organ, 1983) (Schnake, 1990 ; Williams & Anderson, 1991) - 7 -
(O'Reilly & Chatman, 1986 ; Williams & Anderson, 1991 ; McNeely & Meglino, 1994) (1996) (1997) Moorman and Blakely(1995) Williams and Anderson (1991) 2.1-8 -
2.1 Bateman & Organ (1983) 1. 2. Smith, Organ & Near (1983) 1. 2. Williams & Anderson (1991) 3. 1. 2. Graham (1991) 3. 1. 1. 2. Moorman & Blakely (1995) 3. 1. 2. 3. Podsakoff,Mackenzie,Moorman & Fetter(1990) 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. Van Dyne, Graham & Dienesch(1994) 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (1992) 1. (1997) - 9 -
( ) ( ) Williams and Anderson(1991) 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. - 10 -
(Scholl, Cooper & Mckenna, 1987 ; Organ and Konovsky, 1989 ; William & Anderson, 1991) Equity Fairness Justice (Greenberg, 1990) Adams(1963 ; 1965) (Equity Theory) Adams 2.2 Adams - 11 -
2.2 Adams O/I A < O/I B O/I A = O/I B O/I A > O/I B ( O/I A O/I B ) Robbins, Stephen P.(1996), "Table 6-1 Equity Theory", Organizational Behavior, Prentice Hall International Inc.,7 th.,p.227 Adams(1965) (Walster, 1978 ; Greenberg, 1990 ; Robbins, 1996) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) Adams (Scholl, Cooper, & McKenna, 1987) - 12 -
Greenberg(1990) (1) (Distributive Justice) (2) (Procedural Justice) (3) (Interactional Justice) Adams(1963) Leventhal 1980 Formal Justice Thibaut and Walker 1975 Leventhal 1980 Bies and Moag 1986-13 -
Interactional Justice Folger and Greenberg 1985 Greenberg 1987 1. (Reactive-Proactive Dimension) 2. (Process-Content Dimension) 2.3 2.3 (Content) (Process) (Reactive) (Proactive) Equity theory, Adams, 1965 Justice judgment theory, Leventhal, 1976a,1980 Procedural justice theory, Thibaut & Walter,1975 Allocation preference theory, Leventhal, Karuza, & Fry,1980 Greenberg, J. 1987, A Taxonomy of Organizational Justice Theories, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12, p.10-14 -
Folger and Greenberg 1985 Thibaut and Walker 1975 Procedural Justice Theory Tyler and Bies 1989 Greenberg 1990 Bies & Moag,1986 Sheppard, Lewicki,& Minton,1992 Alexander and Ruderman 1987 Moorman 1991-15 -
Mahoney,1982 Wallace and Fay 1988 Process Equity (1999) 2.4 2.4 1. 2. Greenberg 1987 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. Folger & Greenberg 1985 Greenberg 1990 3. Alexander & Ruderman 4. 1987 5. 6. (1999) - 16 -
Greenberg 1990 Greenberg(1990) 1. 2. - 17 -
2.5-18 -
2.5 March and Simon(l958) Chandler(1962) Katz and Kahn(1966) Thompson(1967) Kast and Rosenzweig(1970) Child(1972) Salaman(1974) Peter(1974) Pradid(1977) Miles(1980) (1981) Fink,Jenks,and Wllits(1983) Gerloff(1985) Robey(1986) Robbins(1990) 1. (1992) - 19 -
Burns and Stalker(1961) 2.6 2.6 (Continuum) - 20 -
- 21-1. (Simple Structure) (Flat Organization) 2. (Functional Structure)
3. (Divisonal Structure) 4. (Sector Structure) (Strategic Business Unit) 5. (Conglomerate Structure) 6. (Matrix Structure) 7. (Project Structure) 8. (Committee Structure) - 22 -
9. (Free-Form Structure) (Task Force) Committee Structure Max Weber (1947) 1960 Aston Pugh, Hickson, Hinings and Turner(1968) - 23 -
1. (Structuring of activity) 2. (Concentration of authority) 3. (Line control of work flow) 4. (Size of support component) Pugh et al(1968) (1987) (1993) (1994) (1996) (1996) Sathe(1978) (1992) 2.7 2.8-24 -
2.7 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Hall 1963 v v v v v Blau 1967 v v v v Lawerence & Lorsch 1967 v v v v Hage & 1967 v v v v Aiken Pugh et al 1968 v v v Harvey 1968 v v v v Hickson 1969 v v v Samuel & 1970 v v v v Mannhein Duncan 1971 v v v v Child 1972 v v Hall 1972 v v v v v Negandhi & Reiman 1972 v v v Pennings 1973 v v v Reimann 1973 v v v Child 1975 v Pennings 1975 v v Evers et al 1976 v v v v v Pierce & Delbeco 1977 v v v v v Ford & 1977 v v v v Slocum Ford 1979 v v v Tung 1979 v v Schoonhoven 1981 v v Blackburn 1982 v v v Fredrickson 1986 v v v Miller 1987a v v v 1992-25 -
2.8 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P 1969 v v v 1981 v v v v v v 1981 v v 1982 v v v 1984 v v v v v v 1984 v v v 1985 v v 1987 v v v 1987 v v v 1989 v v v 1989 v v v 1991 v v v 1991 v v v v v v 1992 v v v 1993 v v v 1993 v v v 1994 v v v 1996 v v v v 1996 v v v A (Centralization) B (Specialization) C (Formalization) D (Impersonality) E (Tech-Qualification) F (Complexity) G I (Diversity) J (Stratification) K (Differentiation) L (Decentralization) M (Span of Control) N (Coordination) O (Departmentation) HP Sathe(1978) (1992) - 26 -
2.7 2.8 ( 44 40 90.90%) ( 44 32 72.72%) (Centralization) (Formalization) 1. 2. - 27 -
Organ(1988) (Blau, 1964) (Adams, 1965) (Scholl, Cooper & Mckenna, 1987 ; Organ and Konovsky, 1989 ; William & Anderson, 1991) Scholl, Cooper and Mckenna(1987) 161 Organ and Konovsky(1989) 369-28 -
( ) ( ) Williams and Anderson(1991) 127 Konovsky and Pugh 1994 Moorman, Blakely and Niehoff 1998 (Perceived Organizational Support,POS) Konovsky and Pugh 1994 Moorman, Blakely, and Niehoff(1998) 405 (Perceived Organizational Support,POS) - 29 -
Niehoff and Moorman(1993) Smith, Organ and Near(1983) Generalized Compliance Burns and Stalker(1961) - 30 -
Burns and Stalker(1961) Greenberg(1990) - 31 -
Williams and Anderson(1991) - 32 -
1. 2. 3. 4. - 33 -
3.1 H1 H2 H3 3.1-34 -
Burns and Stalker(1961) Greenberg(1990) - 35 -
1-1 1-2 1-3 Williams and Anderson(1991) - 36 -
2-1 2-2 2-3 - 37 -
3-38 -
64 1-14 15-34 35-55 56-64 Sathe(1978) (1992) 1 (Centralization) (1994) (1994) 9 Likert 1-4 (1 ) (5 ) 5-9 (1 ) (5 ) 1-4 2 (Formalization) (1994) - 39 -
(1994) 10-14 5 Likert (1 ) (5 ) Greenberg(1990) 1 Distributive Justice Floger and Greenberg 1985 Niehoff and Moorman(1993) 15-19 5 Likert (1 ) (5 ) 2 Procedure Justice Greenberg(1990) Niehoff and Moorman(1993) 20-25 6 Likert - 40 -
(1 ) (5 3 Interactional Justice Bies and Moag 1986 Niehoff and Moorman(1993) 26-34 9 Likert (1 ) (5 ) Williams and Anderson(1991) ( ) ( ( ) 1 (In-role Behaviors) Williams and Anderson(l991) Williams and Anderson(l991) 35-41 6 Likert (1 ) (5 40,41 2 (Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Individual) - 41 -
Williams and Anderson(l991) Williams and Anderson (l991) 42-48 7 Likert (1 ) (5 ) 3 (Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Organization) Williams and Anderson(l991) Williams and Anderson(l991) 49-55 7 Likert (1 ) (5 ) 51-53 56-64 9-42 -
30 21 50 29 50 STATISTICA Crobach's α 3.1 3.1 Cronbach s ( ) Cronbach's α 1 9 (9) 0.807 10-14 (5) 0.878 15-19 (5) 0.807 20-25 (6) 0.868 26-34 (9) 0.942 35-41 (7) 0.841 42-48 (7) 0.897 49-55 (7) 0.566 Wortzel(1979) Cronbach's α 0.7 0.98 Nunally(1978) Cronbach's α 0.7 0.35 Cronbach's α ( 0.807-0.942) STATISTICA 55 Cronbach's α - 43 -
0.566 0.618 55 50 4 19 ( ) 660 405 61.36% 3.2 3.2 20 10 50% 1-10 50 31 62% 11-41 50 31 62% 42-72 30 21 70% 73-93 50 29 57% 94-122 202 150 99 66% 123-221 50 34 68% 222-255 10 6 60% 256-261 30 18 60% 262-279 10 5 50% 280-284 10 6 60% 285-290 30 16 53.33% 291-306 NATO( ) 20 10 50% 307-316 30 16 53.33% 317-332 10 5 50% 333-337 10 5 50% 338-342 30 15 50% 343-357 50 37 74% 358-394 20 11 55% 395-405 19 660 405 61.36% 405-44 -
56 64 3.3 3.4 3.3 136 33.58% 269 66.42% 20 11 2.72% 21-25 68 16.79% 26-30 140 34.79% 31-35 76 18.76% 41-45 33 8.15% 46-50 3 0.74% 56-60 3 0.74% 199 49.14% 206 50.86% 1 61 15.06% 1-3 86 21.23% 4-6 58 14.32% 7-9 59 14.57% 10-12 34 8.40% 13-15 30 7.41% 16-18 23 5.68% 19 54 13.33% 12 2.96% ( ) 105 25.93% 190 46.91% 77 19.01% 21 5.19% - 45 -
3.4 209 51.60% 42 10.37% 49 12.10% 35 8.64% 11 2.72% 59 14.57% 172 42.47% 64 15.80% 63 15.56% 9 2.22% 5 1.24% 17 4.20% 2 0.49% 31 7.65% 38 9.38% 4 0.99% 3 35 8.64% 4-6 102 25.19% 7-9 71 17.53% 10-12 39 9.63% 13-15 12 2.96% 16-18 11 2.72% 19-21 9 2.22% 22-24 11 2.72% 25-27 2 0.49% 28 113 27.90% 10 22 5.43% 11-20 14 3.46% 21-40 67 16.54% 41-60 77 19.01% 61-80 19 4.69% 81-100 5 1.24% 101-150 2 0.49% 151-200 2 0.49% 201-300 60 14.82% 301 137 33.83% - 46 -
Trustworthiness Consistency Stability Cronbach s STATISTICA Cronbach s 3.5 3.5 Cronbach s ( ) Cronbach's α 1 9 (9) 0.821 10-14 (5) 0.846 15-19 (5) 0.876 20-25 (6) 0.848 26-34 (9) 0.950 35-41 (7) 0.839 42-48 (7) 0.903 49-54 (6) 0.672 3.1 3.5 Cronbach s Cronbach s - 47 -
0.942 0.950 Content Validity (Linear Structural Relationship Model LISREL) Confirmatory Factor Analysis Goodness of Fit 3.6 3.6 CFI GFI AGFI 0.933 0.95 0.93 0.86 0.866 0.901 0.96 0.94 0.90 0.878 0.933 0.897 0.96 0.95 0.91 0.842 0.692-48 -
3.6 Comparative Fit Index CFI 0.95 0.96 Goodness of Fit Index GFI 0.93 0.95 Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index AGFI 0.86 0.91 Composite Reliability CR 3.1 3.5 Cronbach s 3.5 3.6-49 -
(Correlation Analysis) (Factor Analysis) (MANOVA) (LISREL) 4.1 4.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 -- 3.35 4.6 1.45.61 -.49.50* -- 5.7.98.93 -.17.53*.73* -- 2.02 1.52 -.19.22*.16*.26* -- 2.43 1.66.12*.20*.25*.52* -- 1.59 -.09 -.03 -.03.35*.42* -- 1. 2. * (p<0.05) 3. 1 4.1-50 -
(Factor Score) (164 ) (241 ) T -1.018 0.693 t-value -31.153* p=0.001<0.05 4.2 4.2 T T-value P-level -1.018 0.693-31.153* 0.05-51 -
(MANOVA) T 4.3 4.3 P Wilks p-level 9.817 8.162 0.05 0.899* 0.05 10.061 9.033 0.05 13.951 12.344 0.05 1. * P 0.05(P<0.05) 2. 4.3 Wilks Lambda 0.899* p-level 0.001 0.05 T 1-1 1-3 1-2 - 52 -
(MANOVA) T 4.4 4.4 Wilks p-level P 15.274 15.261.958.960* 0.05 11.305 11.141.397 10.945 11.580 0.05 1. * P 0.05(P<0.05) 2. 4.4 Wilks Lambda 0.960* p-level 0.001 0.05 T 2-1 2-2 2-3 - 53 -
LISREL (Maximum Likelihood) (CFI) 0.90 (GFI) 0.87 (AGFI) 0.82 (Root Mean Square Residual ; RMR) 0.07 4.1 4.2 4.5 ( - ) ( - )* ( - )* ( - )* (+)* (+)* (+)* ( - )* ( - ) 4.1 : 1.. 2. : - 54 -
(+)* (+) ( - ) (+) (+) (+) (+) ( - ) ( - ) : 1. 4.2. 2. : 4.5 LISREL -0.08(-0.93) 0.15(2.35)* -0.20(-2.68)* 0.06(1.04) -0.10(-1.15) -0.02(-0.82) -0.84(-4.23)* -0.09(-0.82) -0.73(-3.90)* 0.03(0.32) -0.78(-3.25)* -0.05(-0.96) 1.33(4.99)* 0.20(1.80) 1.28(4.75)* 0.10(0.98) 1.07(3.36)* 0.03(0.76) 1. 2. * t 1.96 =0.05 3. (estimates) t-value 4.5-55 -
3-56 -
(MANOVA) (Scheffe Test) 4.6 4.6 F p-level F p-level F p-level 0.461 0.516 0.517 5.907 0.016* 2.293 0.131 0.511 0.484 0.487 1.921 0.167 20 0.535 0.476 0.706 21-25 0.462 0.562 0.546 26-30 0.514 0.489 0.511 31-35 0.527 0.521 0.477 1.554 0.137 2.242 0.024* 41-45 0.462 0.448 0.461 4.955 0.001* 46-50 0.457 0.425 0.410 51-55 0.439 0.443 0.356 56-60 0.685 0.602 0.655 0.493 0.507 0.527 0.017 0.898 1.333 0.249 0.496 0.483 0.469 8.103 0.005* 1 0.483 0.533 0.526 1-3 0.484 0.541 0.508 4-6 0.517 0.542 0.522 7-9 0.509 0.444 0.509 1.433 0.190 3.001 0.004* 10-12 0.538 0.478 0.492 1.870 0.073 13-15 0.453 0.456 0.524 16-18 0.567 0.421 0.452 19 0.452 0.445 0.414 0.557 0.512 0.477 ( ) 0.476 0.450 0.463 0.490 0.846 0.496 0.491 3.087 0.016* 0.524 1.820 0.124 0.516 0.556 0.476 0.520 0.511 0.518-57 -
4.6 F p-level F p-level F p-level 0.476 0.467 0.520 0.578 0.561 0.498 0.536 0.482 0.451 2.456 0.033* 2.692 0.021* 0.468 0.535 0.401 2.989 0.012* 0.486 0.448 0.438 0.485 0.541 0.525 0.494 0.446 0.501 0.460 0.503 0.517 0.528 0.527 0.476 0.476 0.547 0.450 0.455 0.540 0.299 0.528 0.854 2.654 0.005* 0.523 0.548 0.634 1.813 0.064 0.590 0.288 0.363 0.494 0.569 0.478 0.492 0.539 0.476 0.508 0.648 0.571 4.6 1. 0.511 0.461-58 -
2. 20 51-55 (Scheffe Test) 56-60 0.602 46-50 0.425 20 51-55 20 51-55 20 51-55 51-55 3. 0.527 0.469-59 -
4. 6 0.53 7 0.48 6 5. ( ) ( ) 6. 0.578 0.468-60 -
0.525 0.401 0.561 0.448 7. 0.648 0.288 ( ) ( ) - 61 -
5.1-62 -
5.1 1-1 1-2 1-3 2-1 2-2 2-3 3-63 -
- 64 -
(Continuum) - 65 -
1., 81, 2. 85,, 13, 3, 391-415, 85 3. 83 4. 83 5. 83 ( ) 6. 81 7. 82 8. 85 76 ( ) - 66 -
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(02)22256963 0922-435397 97 29!........... - 76 -
10. 11. 12. 13. 14.! 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.. 30.... - 77 -
31.... 32. 33.... 34.! 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. - 78 -
56. 57. 20 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 45 50 51 55 56 60 61 58. 59. 1 1 3 3 6 6 9 9 12 12 15 15 18 19 ( ) 60. 61. ( ) 62. ( ) 63. 3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 27 28 64. ( ) 10 11 20 21 40 41 60 61 80 81 100 101 150 151 200 201 300 301-79 -