1
1 2 3 4 5 89 236 89 50 65 2
rationalistic modeldunsire,1990 p57 counterproductive effect structuring 3
88 88 11-16 Pressman and Wildavsky1973 pp.180-182 1973 4
Pressman and Wildavsky1973pp.189-191 89 349-350 top-down approach forward mapping strategy rationalistic model bottom-up approach backward mapping strategy Post-rationalistic model 88 5
Dunsire1900p.5 88 266-267 1 90 1 89 6
7 90 1. 2 2. 3 1. 1 2 2. 4 3. 4. 5. 2 90 3 4
6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. zero-sum game 89 12 command and control 83 151 8
50~60 30 1,519,106 196 1-1 9
1-1 57.10.31 55.9.15 60.3.3 727,706 597,957 193,443 1,519,106 84 79 33 196 2,017,785 521,937 438,804 2,978,526 34,960 16,888 11,252 63,100 90 7 70 90 8 94 1 74 76 5~7 81 85 5~9 88 90 9 6~11 10
10 81 ~90 61 11 7 6 5 2 90 87 79 78 78 87-82 - 13 3 80 90 9 63 88 10 89 8 82 8 11
4 18 10 7 6 4 4 5 82 71 6 82 71 6 6 12
90 100 90 36 196 89 79 13
89 89 90 89 303 514 39 7 9 89 10 90 8 88 6 81 14
15
1-1 16
5 5 17
1-1 18
1,519,106 196 51 19 6 6 6 5 4 1-2 1-2 727,706 597,957 193,443 1,519,106 84 79 33 196100 1-11 126 42 44 13 9951 5 6 1 126 5-2 74 2 2-42 - - 1 11 4 5 1 105 16 18 3 3719 7 4 1 126 1 - - 11 1 - - 11 90 7 7-13 19
1-3 1-3 1 1 1 1 A1-A8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 B1-B7 1 1 1 1 20
Purposeful Sampling 87Patton1990 21
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 22
2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 23
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 24
25
26
Environment Gilpin1986 Hanks & Hanks1983 27
83 20 82 1 83 feasibility availability 28
83 88-90 Ripley Frankling1986 89 zero-sum game 89 12 86 181-182 29
Mankiew1998 negative externality positive externality 87 emission fee 84 30
84 51 31
87 65 70 76 32
83 83 115 33
1434 82628 81920 1011 122526591113 7131491113 2030 141723 27 172122 45 18 4~826 32~36 29~32 19 38~52 35~45 1923~31 131416~18 11 10 111314 15~16 34 20~22 83 116 34
1973 Pressman and Wildavsky Okaland project Smith1975pp.197-198 Rourke1976 p.33 hierarchical model 79 226 Sabatier1986 35
top-down approach botton-up approach Hill1993 wave perfect implementation implementation deficit 88 88 65 Nakamura and Smallwood1980 pp.10-12 36
Sabatier1986 Smith1973 Kaufman1973 Edwards 88 276 Van Meter Van Horn1975 37
71 267 Sabatier Mazmanian tractability of the problem ability of statute to structure implementation non-statute variables affecting implementing Sabatier Mazmanian 2-1 38
39 2-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Sabatier Mazmanian Taylorism X structuring 88 80 policy instruments 88 162 40
Howlett and Ramesh1995 pp.154-156 88 Nispen and Ringeling1998 pp.204-217 89 384 41
42 83 146-147
43 sanction price 83 150 83 83 152
deductive approach inductive approach Linder and Peter1998 state capacity policy subsystem complexity 44
89 383 Ripley Frankling1986 83 23-25 89 45
80 Edwards Sabatier Mazmanian1979 74 Van Meter Van Horn 79 243 Sabatier1986 46
47
48
84 29 3-1 49
70 71 1 29 76 8 21 76 822 88 6 88 7 3-1 8.4 10.8 9.7 162 443 2,669 9.05 2,653 5,275 6.58 6,000 9,631 50
51
87 77 86 77 86 81 80 71 86 88 12 88 12 88 12 88 12 88 12 89 1 89 4 89 1 90 10 52
3-2 53
54
55
3-1 56
57
58
59
35 60
61
62
63
1. 2. 64
3. 4. 1. 2. BOO/BOT 65
66
1. 2. 3. 4. 67
5. 6. 68
69
70
71
72
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 6 7 8 9 10 11 73
1. 2. 3. 74
75
76
policy instrument governing instrument tools of govement 88 83 77
83 115 1,821 / 1,674 / 147 / 8 90 1,970 161 / 93 2,162 / 178 / 78
3-3 3-3 / 87 1,821 1,674 147 90 1,970 1,809 161 93 2,162 1,984 178 96 2,356 2,161 195 100 2,615 2,396 219 89 1,064 / 399 / 16 / 590 / 59 / 90 1,253 / 79
1,136 / 117 / 59 / 17 / 41 / 90 32 590 / 262 / 969 1,005 / 87 1821 590 190 55 5 12 969 1005 93 2162 860 511 358 18 12 403 509 89 3,867 2,132 1,735 3-5 80
3-5 853 1,612 716 424 166 96 1,735 2,132 3,867 49 8 956 360 301 86 79 89 1-2 75 5.6 38,9 363 81
50 91.4 2.7 0.3 0.3 82
83
84
87 centralization 87 207 85
90 31 399 / 16 / 590 59 / 1,064 / 86
12 90 12 5-1 87
88
89
31,500 13 4,430 14 13 24,000( /) 1,500( /) 6,000( /) 31,500 14 30 / 3,300/ 600/ 500/ 4,430 / 90
89 89 376 Ann Schneider Helen Ingram1990 88 11 91
92
93
89 13 3T 50 94
know-how 95
legitimacy 96
Dunn1994 89 46 97
98
1,253 / 1,136 / 117 90 32 88 270 99
100
101 3 19 92 84 1~8 33 4-1
4-1 85 3 2 86 19 87 92 5 11 88 84 1 89 1~8 33 1 102
103
89 10 104
105
ISO1400 88 164 environmental management system 106
107
108
109
George C. Edwards 1980 89283 B-5 15 15 110
1999 8 111
88 112
perfect or successful implementation 88 13 113
84 72Edwards Sabatier Mazmanian1979 74 87 147 / 114
115
116
90 117 117
87 Wilson1974 16 16 -- -- -- 118
87 82-83 84 119
120
84 84 114 82 683 121
122
83 146 88 88 11 effluent tax 88 664 89 89 404 123
124
89 zero emission 89 248 3M 1975 3Ppollution Prevention Pays 125
80 254-255 82 82 672-673 126
127
88 13 84 84 118 128
50.5 / 7.3 / 40 129
89 zero-sum game 89 12 ---- ---- 130
17 17 131
18 18 132
133
87 147 / 61 / 34 40 / 27 8 8 7 134
85 135
136
137
138
139
140
141
88 65 rationallistic model Dunsire,1990p.57 142
143
88 13 88 199 144
84 84 76 89 voluntary 145
approach VA 19 33/50 89 38 19 VA 89 34 146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
90 11 89 8 1 88 6 87 4 86 2 85 8 84 5 83 7 82 5 81 5 80 2 79 6 78 4 77 2 76 7 75 5 74 5 161
73 1 72 2 70 1 94 2 81 90 8 11 7 7 6 6 5 4 4 3 2 2 4 61 90 90 86 3 162
163 84 83 82 81 79 79 78 78 75 74-4 90 2 Scherer,F,M 89 8 2
88 10 87 5 2 86 4 85 6 Davies,Morton 84 6 83 6 2 82 8 3 81 1 80 7 63 5 81 90 8 164 18 10 7 6 4 4 3 2 1 1 7 63
165 6 82-72 90 90 89 CGE 89 83 79
166 7 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 89 89 89 89 89 89
167 89 89 89 89 88 88 88 88 88 88 87 87 85 84
168 84 84 83 83 82-2 82-1 82 81 81 81 81 81
8 / 1 189,810 52,474 46,520 288,804 2 3,000 3,000 3 5,500 5,500 4 3,720 3,720 5 720,000 234,410 1,200 955,610 6 41,781 14,710 22,840 79,332 7 3,544 2,700 6,244 8 250 250 9 110 110 10 2,500 700 3,200 11 1.200 1.200 12 500 500 13 8,800 8,800 14 430 430 15 140 140 16 5 5 17 1.5 1.5 18 1,000 1,580 2,580 19 320 15 335 20 50 50 21 86,400 86,400 22 7,450 7,450 23 20,905 1,167 177 22,249 24 200 200 169
25 61,307 268,325 30,690 360,323 26 1,520 1,520 27 4,200 4,200 28 11,820 4,870 101 16,791 29 1,053 1,053 30 7,500 2,000 9,500 31 1,800 1,800 32 140 600 740 33 6,000 0.1 6,000 34 558,752 56,725 615,477 35 181,426 19,699 201,125 36 91,789 9,990 101,779 37 431 431 38 34,500 34,500 39 56,900 56,900 40 6,602 1,650 8,252 41 56,490 12,100 68,590 42 16,205 125,320 141,525 43 19,045 65,000 84,045 44 2,520 2,520 45 10 10 46 1,300 1,300 47 1,250 600 1,850 48 16,000 16,000 49 7,110 7,110 1,207,180 1,602,367 409,976 3,237,367 89 170
A-1 171
172
A-2 173
174
A-3 175
A-4 176
177
178
A-5 179
A-6 180
181
A-7 182
183
A-8 184
21 185
B-1 186
187
B-2 188
189
190
B-3 191
192
B-4 193
194
195
B-5 196
ISO14001 EMS 197
198
199
B-6 200
201
202
203
B-7 204
205
206
207
208
209 84 89 82 88 82 89 82 672-690 88 80 87 81 151-161 83 88 181-183
79 80 87 83 2000 89 80 176-191 Thomas R.Dye 88 140 86 115 145 87 124 88.11 17-20 19 89.10 325-326 78 90 115-124 70 90.4 2-16 210
1 90 31-32 23 4 88 7-13 19 89.8 303-308 78 90.4 78-101 24 87.11 11-17 7 4 87 79-83 3 1 89.8 303-308 23 4 88 24-33 88.927-32 3 1 88 4-5 11 2 89 49-50 89 11-14 31 90.3 16-20 12 89.12 1-32 211
20 89.10-13 2 89 34-38 11 1 89 10 -- 152 89 6-7 3 1 87 17 3 5 87 3 90.1 171-195 31 90.1 121-136 78 88 11-21 72 79 212
213 CGE 89 83 90 90 78 78 90 90 79-87 90 82
76 82 90 Dunsire, Andrew, Implementation Theory and Bureaucracy, in Younis, T.,ed., Implementation in Public Policy. Dartmouth, Aldersjot, Hant, 1990. Edward III, George C., Implementing Public Policy. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1980. Howlett, Michael and Ramesh, M., Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystem. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Linder, Stephen and B. Guy Peters, Instruments of Government: perception and Contexts, Journal of Public Policy Vol.9, No.1, 1989, pp.35-58. Nakamura, Robert T. and Frank Smallwood, The Politics of Policy Implementation. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980. Sabatier, Paul A. and D. Mazamanian,The Conditions of Effective Implementation, Policy Analysis5(Fall), 1979, pp.481-504. Van Meter, D.S. and C.E. Van Horn,The Policy Implementation Process: A Conceptual Framework, Administrative and Society, No. 6, 1975, pp.445-488. 214