1968 1980 70 1968 20 70 10 50 1980 20 80 90 1968 1955 1962 1955 1966 150 1962 1966 1 292 800 1966 1968 1968 1979 12 1650 1 1 6-7 )
1 % % % 1962-1966 1 292 800 870 600 67.3 422 200 32.7 1967-1968 1 996 800 1 659 600 83.1 337 200 16.9 1969 2 673 800 2 204 400 82.4 469 400 17.6 1970 1 064 000 749 900 70.5 314 100 29.5 1971 748 300 502 100 67.1 246 200 32.9 1972 673 900 502 600 74.6 171 300 25.4 1973 896 100 806 400 90.0 89 700 10.0 1974 1 724 800 1 191 900 69.1 346 300 20.1 186 600 10.8 1975 2 368 600 1 634 500 69.0 496 800 21.0 237 300 10.0 1976 1 880 300 1 228 600 65.3 415 100 22.1 236 600 12.6 1977 1 716 800 1 137 900 66.3 419 000 24.4 159 900 9.3 1978 480 900 260 400 54.1 189 200 39.3 31 300 6.6 1979 247 700 73 200 29.6 164 400 66.4 10 100 4.0 1967-1979 16 472 000 11 951 500 72.6 2 030 800 12.3 2 489 700 15.1 1962-1979 17 764 800 12 822 100 72.2 2 030 800 11.4 2 911 900 16.4 1987 110 1980 155,000 1996 : 301 1 1 1962-1980
2 1962-1980 1973 1980 1967 1962 1962 % 1962-1966 1 292 800 1967-1968 1 996 800 3 289 000 1969 4 670 600 5 963 400 1970 5 734 600 7 027 400 1971 6 482 900 7 775 700 1972 7 156 800 8 449 600 1973 8 052 900 9 345 700 4 013 500 42.9 5 332 200 1974 9 777 700 11 070 500 4 617 000 41.7 6 453 500 1975 12 146 300 13 439 100 6 014 900 44.8 7 424 200 1976 14 026 600 15 319 400 7 367 400 48.1 7 952 000 1977 15 743 400 17 036 200 8 397 500 49.3 8 638 700 1978 16 224 300 17 517 100 10 950 700 62.5 6 566 400 1979 16 472 000 17 764 800 14 904 600 83.9 2 860 200 1980 16 627 000 17 919 800 (16 764 800) (93.6) (1 000 000) 1949 1985 110 111 1996 193 301 1968 1980 1660 1962 1980 1800 1980 1.34 4 900 1977 1968 1968 20 70 80 Thomas Bernstein Bernstein, Thomas Scharping 1977 1955 1980 Scharping, 1981 80 90 1 1992, 1992 1 1989 1989
, 1993 1990 1994 1998 ( 1994 1995 1996 1998 1998) 1996 1996 2 20 90 1966-1976 1969 4 1968 1978 1968 1968 2 30 1998 2004 2003
1968 12 22 1960 1974 25-30 1968 1968 1968 7 9 12 22 1955 1953 20 50 McCauley, 1976
1968 20 50 (Cheng & Selden, 1994) 1962 1996 39 1998 218-222 1978 M. Bonnin, 1988 15 18 1973 1973 1980 1968 1966 1968 3 1954 1974 3 1970 1990 3 1982
3 1954-1974 16 1954 42.45 3 167 000 1970 1955 40.67 3 099 000 1971 1956 37.87 2 990 000 1972 1957 44.48 3 687 000 1973 1958 33.55 3 179 000 1974 1959 29.43 3 150 000 1975 1960 28.03 3 139 000 1976 1961 21.63 2 390 000 1977 1962 35.46 3 621 000 1978 1963 44.50 4 411 000 1979 1964 32.17 3 200 000 1980 1965 26.59 2 666 000 1981 1966 20.85 2 134 000 1982 1971 21.30 2 262 000 1987 1972 19.30 2 102 000 1988 1973 17.35 1 945 000 1989 1974 14.50 1 654 000 1990 1990 5921983 1994. 1967 1970 1954 1961 Wu 1994 1970 1976 1966 1949 1961 70 80 80 1968 20 10 1979 1968 1976 800 2 20 80 80 800 4 70 5 1968 1969 4 Feng Lanrui & Zhao Lükuan, 1982: 1261987 319 1400 800 600 1991 138 800 1971 1972 5 1982 2 10 885-886
1 4 1968 1980 % % 1965 98.34 1966 99.65 1.31 1.51-0.20 1967 102.73 3.08 1.54 1.54 1968 101.36-1.37 1.56-2.93-1.99-0.94 1969 100.65-0.71 1.54-2.25-2.65 0.40 1970 100.75 0.10 1.54-1.44 1971 102.45 1.70 1.62 0.08 1972 106.24 3.79 1.46 2.33 1973 109.02 2.78 1.33 1.45 1974 110.08 1.06 1.01 0.05-1.12 1.17 1975 111.71 1.63 1.03 0.60-0.97 1.57 1976 113.42 1.71 0.73 0.98-0.53 1.51 1977 114.95 1.53 0.90 0.63-0.69 1.32 1978 119.94 4.99 0.99 4.00 2.07 1.93 1979 128.62 8.68 1.07 7.61 3.71 3.90 1980 134.13 5.51 1.14 4.37 1.71 2.66 1968-1970 - 1.98 4.64-6.62 1971-1977 14.20 8.08 6.12 1968-1977 12.22 12.72-0.50 1978-1980 19.18 3.20 15.98 7.49 8.49 1968-1980 31.40 15.92 15.48 White, 6151983 VIII-3 1982 1983 1965 27.6 26.59 1978 14.1 13.56 1981 89 1983 105 1968 1977 900 300 500 800
1966 6 1976 20 90 7 1963 6 15 18 16 1964 1 1965 1100 1200 15 1966 1970 600 366 1996 76-79 1967 1968 1968 1969 1967 2 1996 89 93 1969 12 1960 600 1970 6 1969 2 3 400 1968 275-284 1973 1971 19721973 4 27 6 1966 1 7 1962 1982 1996 245
1973 10 1976 1976 136 247 1973 1973 1978 (, 1998: 555; 548 1996: 126 127) 1 16 7 28 8 28 9 9 1996 130-132 1976 9 8 1962 8 1976 9 27 3
1977 1978 1978 3 9 10 31 12 10 1978 1980 1 1 1979 1980 1981 11 25 3 1978 10 9 1978 10 1993 1998
11 12 10 5 10 1998 747-748 2004 436-438 1996 180-181 1996 182 1992 318 13 1963 1966 10 1979 1981 1 80 11 (Bonnin, 11 2004) 12 10 31 12 10 13 1998 738
90 14 50% 15 1985 1986 90 16 17 20 60 1968 1970 500 1978 1980 600 1978 1980 18 1980 1949 1978 1979 1966 1967 14 2001 7 2004 7 M.X.L. L.Y.O. R.L.Z. 15 1985 5 15 1 16 2000 8 5 17 2000 8 6 ZL 1998 518-519 18 1979 80 247,700
1978 1979 1978 1968 1957 1977 11% 47% 1978 0.3 0.7 1 48 K.C. Yeh, 1984: 692 46 14 32 1986 76-77 1985 1985 20 70 1979 1980 4100 1996 184 19 80 20 20 80 19 Scharping, 1981: 287, 329 15% 20 1977 1998 84
20 21 1967 1 2.26 1977 1 2.91 1983 484 1968 1967 1977 1966 1976 44.1% 1987 224 Li Chengrui 1984 1979 2000 M. Bonnin, 1988 1973 5 1962-1979 (m3) (m2) 1962-1972 2 501 310 1 986 818 1973 479 500 321 849 1974 844 013 809 960 871 281 11 234 984 1975 900 000 930 309 796 185 12 487 456 1976 1 072 750 870 760 693 002 10 396 633 1977 948 310 821 897 619 273 8 549 887 1978 401 862 491 700 365 675 3 936 152 1979 395 226 345 674 88 377 860 851 7 542 971 6 578 967 3 433 793 47 465 963 21 1978 1978 12 15 4
1996 309 1973 1962 1979 580 218 1973 1996 218 1998 842 150 1968 1979 1.5% 70 1996 158 1968 1969 20 70 1966 1976
200 100 1987 150 22 1977 1978 20 70 50 1999 20 70 Bernstein, 1977: 290-299 1968 22
1999 1968-1998 12 1990 1998 1953-1968 19931955-1979 1996 1996 1981 1983 1983 1983 19871949-1985 1991 1994 1985 4, 1992 1998 1987 1998 2004 1995 (Michel 1989 Bonnin) 1968-1980 4 1974 (Michel Bonnin) 19891 2003 1996 1986 1986 1966 1976 1985 3 1994 1987 1983 1989 1949.10 1987 Bernstein, Thomas P. 1977, Up to the Mountains and Down to the Villages. The Transfer of Youth from Urban to Rural China. New Haven: Yale University Press. Bonnin, Michel 1988, Urban Employment in Post-Maoist China: The Need for a Change of Logic and the Difficulties of such a Change. (eds.)by Stephen Feuchtwang et al., Transforming China's Economy, vol. 1. London :Zed Books. 2004, Génération perdue. Le mouvement d envoi des jeunes instruits à la campagne en Chine, 1968-1980 (Lost Generation. The Rustication Movement of Educated Youth in China, 1968-1980), Paris: Editions de l Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences sociales. Chan, Anita 1985, Children of Mao: Personality Development and Political Activism in the Red Guard Generation. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Dispelling 1992 Misconceptions about the Red Guard Movement: the Necessity to Re-examine Cultural Revolution Factionalism and Periodization. The Journal of Contemporary China, vol. 1.
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