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1 3 :,, ;,, ,,, : ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,, :,, 3 ( : 05JJD71003) Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European S tates: AD , Cambridge, Mass. : B. B lackwell, David Jacobs, Inequality and Police Strength: Conflict Theory and Coercive Control in Metropolitan A reas, Am erican Socio2 54 logical Review, vol. 44, no. 6, 1979, pp ; David Jacobs and Ronald E. Helm s, Testing Coercive Exp lanations for O rder: The Determ inants of Law Enforcement Strength over Time, Social Forces, vol. 75, no. 4, 1997, pp

2 ,,,,,,, ( International Comparative V ictim ization Stud2 ies) ( International Comparative Self2report Surveys),,,,,,,? 1 : (UNDP) 2007 /2008, www. na2 tionmaster. com, (Borge Bakken) :,, :, Borge Bakken, Comparative Perspectives on Crime in Chi2 na, in Bgrge Bakken ed. Crim e, Punishm ent, and Policing in China, Lanham: Rowman & L ittlefield, 2005, pp ,,, 5%, 10%,, 20% : :,,

3 2009 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,?, ,,,,,,,,,, W alter U llmann, A History of Political Thought: M iddle age, Baltimore: Penguin Books, : : 19,, 1991 ;, :, 3, 909,, :,, 2005 ; : :,, 2006 ; ( Pierre2Etienne W ill) :,, 2006 ;W illiam T. Rowe, Hankow, Comm erce and Society in a Chinese City, , Stanford: Stan2 ford University Press, 1984.

4 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( infrastructural power),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, :,, M ichaelmann ( despotic power) ( infrastructural power), ( ), M ichael Mann, The Autono2 mous Power of the State: Its O rigins, Mechanism s and Results, European A rchive of Sociology, no. 25, 1984, pp :, 54 55,, 24 (1935) :, 4 5,, 2003 ; H siao Kung2ch uan ( ), Rural China: Im perial Control in the N ineteenth Century, Seattle: University ofw ashington Press, 1960, p

5 2009 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( state building), ( Philip J. Stead) :,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, :,, ;, : Ronald Troyer, Chinese Thinking about Crime and Social Control, in R. J. Troyer, J. P. Clark & D. G. Rojek eds. Social Philip J. Stead, The Police of France, New York: Macm illan, 1983, p : : , ( ), Control in the People s Republic of China, New York: Praeger, 1989, p. 46.

6 ,,,,,,,,,,, 1949,,,,, 1949,,, , 7 8,, , , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) H siao Kung2ch uan ( ), Rural China: Im perial Control in the N ineteenth Century, Seattle University of W ashington Press, 1960, p. 55. Stephen MacKinnon, A late Q ing2gmd - PRC Connection: Police as an A rm of the Modern Chinese State, Selected Papers in Asian S tudies, New Series, :, 93 94,,

7 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) : He B ingsong, Crime and Control in China, In H. - G. Heiland, L. I. Shelley and H. Katoh eds. C rim e and Control in Com parative Perspectives, W alter de Gruyter, 1991, pp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,,,,,, 3,, 30, ,, :,,

8 ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 70, 20,,, ( ),,,, 30,,,,,,, 32000, 20,, ,,,,,, :,, 119,,

9 2009 2,,,, (M ichael Dutton),,,,,,,,,,,, GDP 4 7 ( 2), , 40, , 30, GDP : :,, Deng Xiao gang. and Ann Cordilia, To Get R ich is Glorious: R ising Expectations, Declining Control, and Escalating Crime M ichael Dutton, The End of the (Mass) L ine? Chinese Policing in the Era of the Contract, Social Justice, vol. 27, no. 2, :,, 51 53, , 17,, 1987 ;, 208,, 2005, < http: / /big5. gov. cn /gate /big5 /www. gov. cn /xwfb / / 62 in Contemporary China, International Journal of O ffender Therapy and Com parative Crim inology, vol. 43, no. 2, 1999, pp , pp / content_ htm >

10 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,, ( ),,, 20,,,,,,,, 20 80,,,,,,, 80,, 2 3, ,, 10. 8% ( ), 20. 4% ( ),,, M ichael Dutton, Toward a Government of Contract: Policing in the Era of Reform, in Bgrge Bakken ed. Crim e, Punish2 m ent, and Policing in China, Lanham: Rowman & L ittlefield,

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13 : :,, 2005 ; :,, 2005 ( ) 20 90, , 10. 6% %, , , 17. 9% %, , ,,,,,,, 20 90,, 1998,, 1998, 90,,,,,,,, 1998, ( 4), M ichael Dutton, The Basic Character of Crime in Contemporary China, The China Q uarterly, no. 149, 1997, pp : :, 66 ( ),

14 4 : :,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 90,,, 1998,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, (, ) ( : )

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南京农业大学学报( 社会科学版) 第 16 卷单边委托与模糊治理 :基于乡村社会的混合关系研究田雄,王伯承摘摇要:当前,乡村社会利益主体之间关系呈现出复杂多变而非理性合作的态势其中,县乡干部与村干部形成共事与共谋冶关系,村干部与村民形成支持互利冷漠和反对冶等四种关系乡村利益主体之间多种混合关系形成的