HORTICULTURE THERAPY & HEALING LANDSCAPE --THEORY & PRACTICAL HANDBOOK--
. simple (pyramid of life) shopping Montagu(1986) 1950 90 horticulture therapy (nature therapy) (Landscape therapy) (animal aid (horticulture therapy) : 2
(being) (doing). 1817 Friends 1876 Friends, 18, 19 1950~1960 1950 Michigan 1973 Kansas Virginia Polytechnic Texas A&M Rhode Island Massachusetts Temple Chicago Botanic Garden 1 3
1. 2. 1950 1.. () Ulrich Parson1992 () 4
() (landscape therapy) (indicator of perception) Taylor(1990) 45 30 500 (3) 3.. () () 5
() 2 () () () () () () (4) (5) 6
2. 26 5* 4 3 2 1 0 ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-4. 5. 7
8. (developmental disabilities) 18 30 ( ) (1994) 7~23% 9~20% 63% 3~5 : () () () () : () () () () ()? ()
. (), 592 21 80~90% 80% 50 10~40% 30 (6,7) 6. 7. () 2.5~3.0% 2% 70~75 2 18 87% 13% 50 (1558 ) 9
() 0.2~0.4% 50% 20% 25% 8,9 10 8. 9. 10. 10
() 0.04~0.05% 70% MellarieThorazine Haldol (). (11,12) 56 1995 1. 2.47% 3. 30% 4. 80% 66% 30 62% 1 76% 1 5. 12% 55% (arthritis) (hypertension) (heart) ( ) 1400 (Alzheimer's disease) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 11
11. 12. (). 1% 36% 3000 2 19 36% 3-5 20 15% 30 85% 90%. 12
(fast foods) Winnicott(1997) (potential space). 1. 72 6-15 15-35 2. 0-3 3-6 6-15 (15 ) 13
3. 10 1. 2. 3.. () 1. 15 2. 15 5 3. (1) 5 5 (2) 10 5 (3) 15 5 () 1. : 1 2. : 1 3. (1) 2 30 14
(2) 3 20 (3) () 1. 2. 3 3. (1) 3 (2) 3 (3) 3 (4) 3 (5) 3 () 1. 1 1 2. 1 3. (1) 15 (2) 20 (3) 40 (4) 60 () 1. 2. 5 3. 5 13 15
13. 16
(3) 3. 2 ( ) 15~20 (NAA) =22 11 10~15 6 ( 1999 ) 5 4 25% 3 50% 2 2 50% 1 0 17
14 14. 18
() 25~30 (3-1) () () 3~5 () 50 () () =111 () () =111 () () () () () 19
: () =1 11 5* 4 3 2 1 0 () () () () () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-20
( ) (Castanospermum anstrale) 25~30 70% 50 () () =111 ( ()3 () () 3 () ( () () () 21
: () 5* 4 3 2 1 0 () 3 () ( ) ( ) () () () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-22
5~10 ( ) 20 50 () =111 ( ) () () () () 6 () () 4 () () 4~5 () 23
: () 6 5* 4 3 2 1 0 () () 4 () () 4~5 () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-24
(vegetative propagation) ( ) (tiller) 35 () =111 ( () 3 () () () () () () () 8 3 () () 5 () 25
: 5* 4 3 2 1 0 () () () () () 8 3 () () 5 () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-26
30 () =111 ( () 3 () () () () () () () 8 3 () () 5 () 27
( 5 ) : 5* 4 3 2 1 0 () () () () () 8 3 () () 5 () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-28
60 () =111 ( () 3 () () () () 1 () () () 9 () 5 () 29
: () 5* 4 3 2 1 0 1 () () () 9 () 5 () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-30
60 () =111 ( () 3 () () () () 1 () () () 9 () 5 () 31
: () 5* 4 3 2 1 0 1 () () () 9 () 5 () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-32
30 () =111 ( () 3 () () () ( 0.5 ) () 3 () ( 3~5 ) () 15. 33
: () ( 0.5 ) 5* 4 3 2 1 0 () 3 ( ) () () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-34
: () 3~5 5* 4 3 2 1 0 () 3 () ( ) () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-35
60 () () () () () () () () () 36
: () 5* 4 3 2 1 0 () () () () () () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-37
:1999/11/3 () 60 5* 4 3 2 1 0 () 10 (), (), (), () (), 6 ( ) () () () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-38
: ()5* 4 3 2 1 0 () (), (), ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-39
() () () () () () () 50 () () 3~4 () ( ) () ( ) () () 6~7 () () () () () 40
: () 5* 4 3 2 1 0 () 6~7 () () () () () ( ) 0 1.2 3 4 5 5*- 4-3- (25% ) 2- (50% ) 1- (50% ) 0-41
4. (1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3 (5) 4 (6) 5 (7) 5 5 4 3 2 1 1. 5 4 3 2 1 2. 5 4 3 2 1 3. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 4. 5 4 3 2 1 5. 5 4 3 2 1 6. 5 4 3 2 1 7. 5 4 3 2 1 8. 5 4 3 2 1 9. 5 4 3 2 1 10. 5 4 3 2 1 11. 5 4 3 2 1 12. 42
. 1817 Friends 1876 Friends 6F. West Seattle Natural Medicine Clinic Jeana Kimbal (23) (). (). ().. 43
44
16~19 16. 921 17. 18. 19.. Relf2001 (). : (). : (). : 45
(whole garden) (city farmer) ecological-friendly community user-friendly community (20000~30000/cm 3 ) : (). (). (). (). (). ; ; 46
47. (Eczema)
5 5. 5-10 ( 10 ) 5-15, 15 15 10-25, 10 10 5-25. Aroma Therapy 48
(6) 6. V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V. 49
50 : Ulrich 12 Ulrich 1972 1981
Ulrich 1986 Ulrich 1991 120 ( ) D proriasis 160 2 6 Barnhart 1998 San Jose`-Alonso 1999 Xylene Raza Shylaja(1995) CO 2 1997. Winnicott(1997) 51
52 (potential space) 65 (Alzheimer s disease) 1400. (20) A. B. C. D. E. F. G. 20.
53 21 21. -
54 (22) 22.
55 7 8 : 7.??????????? 8.???????????
9 (therapeutic landscape; healilng garden) 9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20.. Vincent Hospital Cancer Treatment Center Healing Garden (24) 56
...... 23. West Seattle Natural Medicine Clinic 24. 57
. (community greening) 1970 1999 921 : () () () 25 : 25. 58
48 A, B ) 13 11 50% 16% 31% 3% 10 2 7 1 6 2 5 4 4 2 3 6 2 1 5 28-32 3 () 10 26 27 59
26. 60
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) 27. (1~15 ) 61
... 1..1980...6(38):20. 2..1983...8:1-5. 3..1993... 4..1988..p.1-13.. 5..1993...50:43-45. 6..1993...50:46-50. 7.,, 1999,,, 8., 1999,, 471,2:2-10 9. Airhart, D.L., and J. Tristan. 1987. Horticultural therapy for special education students. HortScience. 22(6): 13-32. 10. Baxter, S.D., W.O. Thompson, and H.C. Davis. 2001. Trading of food during school lunch by first- and fourth-grade children. Nutrition Research 21:499-503. 11. Beech, B.M., R.. Rice, L. Myers, C. Johnson, and T.A. Nicklas. 1999. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to fruit and vegetable consumption of high school students. J. Adolescent Health 24:244-250. 12. Brunson, L., F.E. Kuo, and W.C. Sullivan. 2000. Sowing the seeds of community: greening and gardening in inner-city neighborhoods. American J. Community Psychology: In Press. 13. Catlin, P. 1995. Developmental disabilities and horticultural therapy practice. P.131-156. In: Horticluture as Therapy-Principles and Practice. Ed:Simson, S.P., and M.C. Straus. Haworth Press, NY. 14. Davis, S.H. 1995. Development of the profession of horticultural therapy. P.3-20. In: Horticluture as Therapy-Principles and Practice. Ed:Simson, S.P., and M.C. Straus. Haworth Press, NY. 15. Davis, S.H.1995. A study in horticultural therapy: Matt s seed story. Hort 62
Technology.5(2):115-117. 16. Danneenmaier, M. 1996. Healing gardens. Landscape Architecture 156~79. 17. Flagler,J.S. 1992. Master gradeners and horticultural therapy. HortTechnology. 2(2):249-250. 18. Haller, R.. 1995.Vocational, social, and therapeutic program in horticulture. P.43-70. In: Horticluture as Therapy-Principles and Practice. Ed:Simson, S.P., and M.C. Straus. Haworth Press, NY. 19. Hay, J. T.G. Power, and N Olvera. 2001. Effects of maternal socialization strategies on children s nutrition knowledge and behavior. Applied Developmental Psychology 22:421-437. 20. http://www.ccf.org.tw/earthq10.htm 21. http://www.ccf.org.tw/earthq11.htm 22. http://adm.cgmh.com.tw/intr/intr2/c3360/ptsd-edu1.htm 23. http://adm.cgmh.com.tw/intr/intr2/c3360/pdsd-help1.htm 24. http://adm.cgmh.com.tw/intr/intr2/c3360/ptsd-prof6.html 25. http://adm.cgmh.com.tw/intr/intr2/c3360/ptsd-view4.htm 26. http://adm.cgmh.com.tw/intr/intr2/c3360/ptsd-view6.htm 27. http://www.ccf.org.tw/earthq10.htm 28. http://www.ahta.org( ) 29. Kavanagh.J.S.1995.Therapeutic landscapes: gardens for Horticultural therapy coming of age. HortTechnology. 5(2):104-107. 30. Knutson, B.J. 2000. College students and fast food. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 6:68-74 31. Kuo, F.E., and W.C. Sullivan.1998.Fertile ground for community: inner-city neighborhood common spaces. American Journal of Community Psychology 26(6):823-851. 32. Lechner, L., and J. Brug. 1997. Consumption of fruit and vegetables: how to motivate the population to change their behavior. Cancer Letters 114:335-336. 33. Miles I., W.C. Sullivan, and F.E. Kuo.1998.Ecological restoration volunteers:the benefits of participation. Urban Ecosystems 2:27-41. 34. Nebbe, L.L. 1998. Nature as a guide. PsychologicalPublishing Co., Ltd. Taipei( ) 35. Nobel C., M. Coney, A. Eves, M. Kipps, and M. Lumbers. 2000. Food choice and school meals: primary schoolchildren s perceptions of the healthiness of foods and the nutritional implications of food choices. Hospitality Management 19:413-432. Nutrition research 16:591-601 36. Nu T. C., MacLeod P., and J. Barthelemy. 1996. Effects of age and gender on adolescents food habits and preferences. Food Quality and Preference 7:251-262. 37. Pamela, W. I. Yeh, and C.F. Ta. 1995. Comparisons of dietary intake in young and old Asian Americans: a two-generation study. Nutrition Research 10:1445-1662. 38. Robichaux, F., S. Adams. 1985. Offer us. Serve foodservice in lower elementary school lunchrooms. J. American Diet Association 85:853-854. 39. Relf, P.D. 1995. People-plant relationship. P.21-42. In: Horticluture as Therapy-Principles and Practice. Ed:Simson, S.P., and M.C. Straus. Haworth Press, 63
NY. 40. Shapiro, B.A., M.J. Kaplan. 1995. Menral illness and horticultural therapy practice. P.157-197. In: Horticluture as Therapy-Principles and Practice. Ed:Simson, S.P., and M.C. Straus. Haworth Press, NY. 41. Shannon, B., K. Graves, and M. Hart. 1981. Food behavior of elementary school students after receiving nutrition education. J. American Diet Association 81:428-434. 42. Stoneham, J.A., A.D. Kendle,and P.R. Thoday. 1995.Horticultural therapy:horticulture s contribution to the quality of disabled people. Acta Horticulturae. 391:65-75. 43. Strauss, D., and M. Gabaldo. 1995. Traumatic brain injury and horticultural therapy practice. P.105-129. In: Horticluture as Therapy-Principles and Practice. Ed:Simson, S.P., and M.C. Straus. Haworth Press, NY. 44. Ulrich, R.S., and R. Parsons. 1992. Influences of passive experiences with plants on individual well-being and health. In D. relf(ed.), The Role of Horticulture in Human Well-Being and Social Development: A National Symposium. Portland, OR: Timber Press. 45. Ulrich,R.S..1986.Human responses to vegetation and landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 13:29-44. 46. Ulrich,R.S.1981. Natural versus urban scenes some psychophysiological effects. Environment and Behavior 13(5):523-556. 47. Ulrich, R.S., and R. Parsons. 1992. Influences of passive experiences with plants on individual well-being and health. In D. relf(ed.), The Role of Horticulture in Human Well-Being and Social Development: A National Symposium. Portland, OR: Timber Press. 48. Ulrich, R.S., R.F. Simons, B.D. Losito, E. Fiorito, M.A. Miles, and M. Zelson. 1991.Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. Journal of Environment Psychology 11:201-230. 49. Wilson, J.F. 2000. Lunch eating behavior of preschool children: effects of age, gender, and type of beverage served. Physiology & Behavior 70:27-33. 64