6 1 Vol. 6 No. 1 2015 1 Journal of Food Safety and Quality Jan., 2015 张翠芬 1, 董伟峰 2, 李莉 2, 刁文婷 3, 靳胜 4, 王法众 5, 田苗 2, 曹际娟 (1., 116035; 2., 116001; 3., 116601; 4., 116001; 5. ( ), 116610) 2* 摘要 : 关键词 : ; ; ; Research progress of mycotoxin pollution control and monitoring of maize in storage process ZHANG Cui-Fen 1, DONG Wei-Feng 2, LI Li 2, DIAO Wen-Ting 3, JIN Sheng 4, WANG Fa-Zhong 5, TIAN Miao 2, CAO Ji-Juan 2* (1. Dalian Vocational and Technical College, Dalian 116035, China; 2. Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Dalian 116001, China; 3. SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co., Ltd., 116601, China; 4. China Certification & Inspection Group Liaoning Co., Ltd., Dalian 116001, China; 5. COFCO Nisshin (Dalian) Co., Ltd., Dalian 116610, China) ABSTRACT: Safety and health in maize is mainly affected by four factors. The first is the pollution of heavy metal, the Second is the pesticide residue, the third is the benzopyrene pollution and the last one is mycotoxin infection. The quality changes of corn in the long-term storage in grain depot can be divided into internal (aging) and external (deterioration). The mildew infection caused by mycotoxins is the biggest factor in harm to the corn quality. This paper mainly introduced the characteristics and growth conditions of four kinds of main mycotoxins caused by corn mildew. The change situation of corn quality were monitored and determined by the Detection of fungal activity, detection of the quantity and the species of fungi, detectionof grain temperature, detection of gas composition in the grain bulk, and detection of physicochemical and microbial of the grain. KEY WORDS: corn; storage; mycotoxin; detection * 通讯作者 :,, E-mail: cjj0909@163.com *Corresponding author: CAO Ji-Juan, Professor, Technical Center of Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau, No.60, Changjiang East Road, Zhongshan District, Dalian 116001, China. E-mail: cjj0909@163.com
1, : 31 1 引言, [1], [2] 2, 1000 ; 8, 100,, [3], [4] 14% B1 [5], [6] (GB13078) B1 A [7-9] 2 四种主要的真菌毒素,,,,,, (B1 B2 G1 G2), (A B C),, 1 表 1 霉菌种类与所产的毒素 Table 1 Fungal species and produced toxin Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus parasiticus Fusarium graminearum Fusarium culmorum Fusarium graminearum Aspergillus ochraceus Penicillium viridicatum 2.1 黄曲霉毒素 (B1 B2 G1 G2),,,, : 55%, 15.6%,, 30%, 100% B1 B2 G1 G2 M1, B1,, 12~42 ( 25~32 ), 80%; : 28~32, 85% 18%~18.5%, 16.5%, 17.5%, 17%~18%, 9%~10% 48 h, 4~5 d, 20 ppb, : > > > > 2.2 赭曲霉毒素 ( ) ( ) (, ), : 0~30 ( 20 ), 0.8( 17%~19% ) : 50 ppb, : 20 ppb
32 6 2.3 玉米赤霉烯酮, 60 μg/kg, 21~30, 20% 15%, (DON) 2.4 呕吐毒素, : 5 ppm, : 2 ppm, : 1 ppm, 20%, 21~30 15%, DON ;, 3 玉米霉菌生长的预防,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.1 减少玉米籽粒的破损,, 3.2 控制水分 18% 21 1, 13% 26,,, 17%~18%,, 14%,, 17%~18%,,,, 17%~18%, 14%, 15%;,, 13%,, ; 0.2 cfm( )/min(0.36 m³/s), 10 4~7, 12-2~1.6,, 3.3 分类储存 [4], 50%, 4 储备库玉米中霉变情况的监控与检测 [10] 4.1 霉菌活性监控,,,, 4.2 霉菌数量和类群监控, [11],,,, [12].,,, 4.3 粮温监控,, Gilman,, [13]., DALLAS DS18B20 : 50 ~125, 10 ~ 85
1, : 33 0.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4.4 粮堆气体成分变化监控, [14], RBF 100%, 90% Maier [15] CO 2, CO 2, CO 2,, 4.5 玉米品质指标的理化及微生物检测法, : (GB1353-2009) (GB13078) GB1353-2009 GB/T 20570-2006 ; GB/T 23502 03 04-2009 GB/T 18979-2003 GB/T 13085-2005 GB/T 13092-2006 A B1 - 参考文献 [1]. DDGS [J]., 2010, 24: 24 25. Cao DM. Detection of mycotoxin USA DDGS and China north in maize [J]. Feed Angle, 2010, 24: 24 25. [2]. [J]., 2010, 24: 12 14. Yan JJ. Investigation report of corn market in the northeast area [J]. Feed Angle, 2010, 24: 12 14. [3]. [J]., 1983, 6: 24 29. Zhao TF. Overview of study on grain quality [J]. Grain Stor, 1983, 6: 24 29. [4],,. [J]., 2002, 4(5): 10 14. Wang BJ, Yang XL, Qi BZ. Comparison of maize safety standards in China and foreign standards [J]. Rev China Agric Sci Technol, 2002, 4(5): 10 14. [5]. [J]., 2011, 26(6): 110 113. Yin YM. Study on sensory indexes of maize toxin poisoning investigation and prevention of dead piglets duck poisoning [J]. J Chin Cereal Oil Assoc, 2011, 26(6): 110 113. [6]. [J]., 2003, 11: 36 38. Tang WM. Health problems and the safety of China's grain and oil products [J]. Grain Oil, 2003,11: 36 38. [7] GB 13078-2001 [S]. GB 13078-2001 Standard of feed hygiene [S]. [8] GB 13078.2-2006 A [S]. GB 13078.2-2006 Standard of feed hygiene allows the amount of feed hygiene standard of ochratoxin A and zearalenone [S]. [9] GB 13078.3-2007 [S]. GB 13078.3-2007 with the allowable amount of feed of deoxynivalenol [S]. [10]. [J]., 2004,19(4): 76 79. Cai JP. The activity and application research of stored grain microbe [J]. J Chin Cereal Oil Assoc, 2004,19(4): 76 79. [11],,. [J]., 2009, 24(4): 118 121. Cheng SF, Tang F, Wu SL. Growth regularity of spoilage fungi of stored wheat [J]. J Chin Cereal Oil Assoc, 2009, 24(4): 118 121. [12] GB/T 4789.2-2010 [S]. GB/T 4789.2-2010 Food hygiene inspection of microorganism The total number of colonies determination [S]. [13] Gilman JC, Barron DH. Effect of molds on temperature of stored grain [J]. Plant Physiol,1930, (5): 565 573. [14],. [J]., 2004, 20(4): 121 124. Zou XB, Zhao WJ. Rapid detection of moldy corn by electronic nose [J]. J China Agric Eng, 2004, 20(4): 121 124. [15] Maier DE, Hulasare R. Qian B, et al. Monitoring carbon dioxide levels for early detection of spoilage and pests in stored grain [C]//Proceedings of the 9th international working conference on stored product protection, 2006. ( 责任编辑 : 杨翠娜 )
34 6 作者简介 张翠芬, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为生物工程与食品科学 E-mail: zhangcuifen07 @163.com 曹际娟, 博士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食品安全与检验检疫安全 E-mail: cjj0909@163.com 专题征稿函 投稿方式 : : www.chinafoodj.com E-mail: jfoodsq@126.com 食品安全质量检测学报 编辑部