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1 第 44 卷第 3 期煤田地质与勘探 Vol. 44 No 年 6 月 COAL GEOLOGY & EXPLORATION Jun 文章编号 : (2016) 铜川玉华煤矿顶板离层水突水机理与防治方刚 1,2,3, 靳德武 (1. 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司, 陕西西安 ; 2. 陕西省煤矿水害防治技术重点实验室, 陕西西安 ; 3. 西安科技大学地质与环境学院, 陕西西安 ) : 陕西铜川玉华煤矿一盘区 1418 工作面, 回采期间发生多次突水事故, 对煤矿的正常生产和人员的生命安全构成严重威胁从本井田地质和水文地质资料入手, 分析了工作面突水的背景水源通道等, 得出洛河组下段砂岩裂隙含水层水为离层空间充水的主要水源, 煤层采动后形成的导水裂隙带为主要的导水通道通过理论分析和模拟研究覆岩移动破坏规律, 分析确定导水裂隙带发育过程和离层空间可能发育的位置, 离层水形成发展及突水过程, 从而总结出玉华井田 1418 工作面顶板离层水突水机理, 为矿井后期实现安全高效生产提出切实有效的防治水措施打好基础 : 玉华煤矿 ; 顶板离层水 ; 突水机理 ; 防治措施 :P641.3 :A DOI: /j.issn Research on the roof stratifugic water inrush mechanism and control in Tongchuan Yuhua coal mine 1,2 FANG Gang 1,2,3,JIN Dewu 1,2 (1. Xi an Research Institute, China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp, Xi an , China; 2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention Technology of Water Hazard in Coal Mines, Xi an , China; 3. College of Geology and Environment, Xi an University of Science & Technology, Xi an , China) Abstract: Several water inrush accidents have occurred in the working face1418 of the first panel of Yuhua coal mine in Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province during mining, threatening seriously the normal production and miners life. The paper, from the geological and hydrogeological data of the coal mine, analyzed the background, source of water and passage of water inrush in the working face, concluded that the water in sandstone fracture aquifer in the lower member of Luohe Formation is the major water source for filling the stratifugic layer, the fractured zone formed after coal seam mining is the main water channel. Through theoretic analysis and simulation research of movement and failure law of the overlying strata, the development process of water-flowing fractured zone and the location of the possible development of stratifugic layer, the formation, the process and water inrush process were analyzed and determined. Thus the water inrush mechanism of the stratifugic water in the roof of working face 1418 in Yuhua coal mine was summarized, providing a good foundation for proposing practical and effective water control measures for realization of safe and highly efficient production in the later stage of the mine. Key words: Yuhua coal mine; roof stratifugic water; water inrush mechanism; control measures 1990 [1] 1418 [2] 收稿日期 : 作者简介 : (1988 ). [email protected] 引用格式 :. [J] (3) FANG Gang, JIN Dewu. Research on the roof stratifugic water inrush mechanism and control in Tongchuan Yuhua coal mine[j]. Coal Geology & Exploration 2016, 44(3)

西安科技大学地质与环境学院, 陕西西安 710054) : 陕西铜川玉华煤矿一盘区 1418 工作面, 回采期间发生多次突水事故, 对煤矿的正常生产和人员的生命安全构成严重威胁从本井田地质和水文地质资料入手, 分析了工作面突水的背

2 58 煤田地质与勘探第 44 卷 1 工作面突水概况 m 180 m ~ m m 2 3 ~ m 3 m 7 m 2 m ( 1 1) 表 1 玉华煤矿 1418 工作面突水情况一览表 Table 1 Water inrush cases in working face 1418 in Yuhua coal mine /m /d /m /(m 3 h -1 ) /(m 3 h -1 ) /d /m ~ Fig.1 Location of water inrush points in working face 覆岩移动变形 [3] ( 2) [3-4] ( 2 6) [5] m m ( 26) ( ) ( ) m

/d /m /(m 3 h -1 ) /(m 3 h -1 ) /d /m 3 1 725 2012-03-31 600 35~45 3 5 000 2 883 2012-05-26 56 158 590 30 3 5 500 3 1 437 2012-12-04 192 554 249 50 2 750 4 1 643 2013-02-21 79

3 第3期表2 Table 2 层序 59 方刚等: 铜川玉华煤矿顶板离层水突水机理与防治岩性工作面关键层和软岩层下部自由空间高度 Free space height of the key layer and the lower of soft rock of working face 岩层厚度/m 关键层/软岩层位置残余(压实)后碎胀系数自由空间高度/m 无无无 1 黄土 12.0 软岩层 2 粉砂岩粗砾岩粗砾岩粗砾岩泥岩 15.0 软岩层主关键层无粉砂岩泥质砂岩粗粒砂岩煤层砂质泥岩 1.5 软岩层煤层 18 粉砂岩粗砾岩砂质泥岩煤层图2 Fig.2 图3 Fig.3 FLAC3D 模型构建图 FLAC3D model building 最大主应力分布图 Distribution of the maximum main stress

64 9 62.5 3.22 10 粉砂岩 6.4 4.03 11 1.4 4.91 12 泥质砂岩 3.5 5.46 13 粗粒砂岩 5.0 6.28 14 2-2煤层 0.2 1.02 6.65 15 砂质泥岩 1.5 软岩层 7.23 16 9.0 7.97 1.02 8.41 8.97 9.38 1.

4 60 第 44 卷煤田地质与勘探图4 Fig.5 塑性区分布图 Fig.4 Distribution of the plastic zone 图5 UDEC 模型岩移变形破坏图 Deformation and failure of rock in UDEC model 能要比一般经验高度值偏大由于矿方未进行现场完全同步一致特别是在软硬岩层之间出现了上覆实测只能依据临近条件类似矿井进行比较其中各岩层在垂直方向的位移差形成离层空间[9-10] 同处本区的铜川照金煤矿 [6] 也发生过类似的顶板离从图 7(对于层厚较薄岩性接近的地层进行合层突水事故经计算其导水裂隙带发育高度至少并概化处理)可以看出煤层埋深约 600 m 左右上在 m(裂采比约 24)以上覆岩层主要以砂砾岩为主结构复杂上覆的直罗 3 离层水突水机理分析组内为一层厚约 62.5 m 的其上部为一层厚约 15 m 的泥岩(软岩) 其上为宜君组粗砾岩厚 1418 工作面顶板离层水突水机理分析主要从度约 20 m 宜君组之上为洛河组巨厚砂砾岩互层两方面入手离层水形成的机理研究离层水突水总厚度近 300 m 洛河组上部为厚约 105 m 的华池的过程研究 [6-8] 3.1 离层水形成机理离层的形成与发展离层的形成主要是在下伏煤层回采后上覆基岩发生移动变形由于覆岩的岩性厚度距离采空区位置等条件不同导致各岩层的运动形态并不是环河组粉砂岩其上为第四系黄土 10 余 m 根据模拟实验结果当煤层回采至约 40~60 m 处基本顶初次来压直接顶垮落上覆岩层弯曲变形继续进行回采导水裂隙带同时向上发展随着采动面积不断扩大上覆岩层随着采动产生的裂隙移动岩层弯曲下沉直罗组泥岩的下沉量较

同处本区的铜川照金煤矿 [6] 也发生过类似的顶板离从图 7(对于层厚较薄岩性接近的地层进行合层突水事故经计算其导水裂隙带发育高度至少并概化处理)可以看出煤层埋深约 600 m 左右上在 192.5 m(裂采比约 24)以上覆岩层主要以砂砾岩为主结构复杂上覆的直罗 3 离层水突水机理分析组内为一层厚约 62.

5 第3期方刚等: 铜川玉华煤矿顶板离层水突水机理与防治图6 Fig.6 61 物理相似材料模拟覆岩变形特征图 Deformation characteristics of physical similar material simulation of the overlying strata 大而宜君组粗砾岩和洛河组下段砂砾岩互层(6 号气降水对矿井开采影响甚微相邻的 1420 工作面内主关键层附近)岩性较为坚硬产生的弯曲变形量甚老空水对研究区的煤层开采影响不大且 1418 工作小与其下部的泥岩变形量不一致从而产生了离面位于井田内部开采基本不受井田周边老窑的影层该处泥岩具有一定厚度且泥岩本身的塑性响含水层之间一般没有水力联系只有在采矿形遇水膨胀后不会随着导水裂隙带的导通而完全破成的冒裂带贯通时才可能形成含水层之间的联系碎为离层空间储水提供条件随着工作面的继续因此煤层上覆含水层水为 1418 工作面突水的主要推进离层空间也向着工作面推进的方向前进发展充水水源煤层上覆的含水层共有 5 层(图 7) 其中除顶离层水的形成与发展 a. 充水水源及通道 1418 工作面内地层较为平缓无岩浆活动较部接近地表的第四系含泥质砂卵石潜水含水层为强大的断裂和褶皱均不发育地表无较大的河流大强含水层的厚度相对较薄且分布不均与煤层间距富水性以外其他含水层富水性均为弱极弱该

1420 工作面内主关键层附近)岩性较为坚硬产生的弯曲变形量甚老空水对研究区的煤层开采影响不大且 1418 工作小与其下部的泥岩变形量不一致从而产生了离面位于井田内部开采基本不受井田周边老窑的影层该处泥岩具有一定厚度且泥岩本身的塑性响含水层之间一般没有水力联系只有在采矿形遇水膨胀后

6 62 煤田地质与勘探第 44 卷 Fig.7 7 Comprehensive columnar diagram of the working face strata 600 m ( 174 m) b. 含水层水进入离层空间 ~30 m ( ) (19 ) 突水机理

7 第 3 期方刚等 : 铜川玉华煤矿顶板离层水突水机理与防治 63 ( 8a) ( 8b) ( 8c) ( 8d ) 8d [10-11] Fig.8 8 Schematic of water inrush mechanism of stratifugic water 4 防治水技术措施 a. 顶板充水含水层采前预疏放与含水层超前截流 b. 回采过程中离层水探放 c. 增加工作面临排及矿井排水能力等 1418

8 64 煤田地质与勘探第 44 卷 [6,11-12] 5 结论 a b c. d 参考文献 [1]. [J] (1) JIA Min TIAN Tao. Research on control techniques and mechanism of water inrush from bed separation of overlying strata in No.2 Jining coal mine[j]. China Coal (1) [2] [R] [3]. [M] [4]. [S] [5]. [J] (2) WANG Jingming YU Daohui. Simulation of water hazards caused by burst of water cells formed by overburden stratum separation[j]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (2) [6]. [J] (8) LING Zhiqiang DENG Jun FENG Wulin et al. Cause analysis for roof water inrush accident at fully mechanized caving face in Zhaojin coal mine[j]. Safety in Coal Mines (8) [7]. [J] (6) XU Haihong QIAO Jiao WANG Zheng. The influence of underground coal mining on groundwater and measures for water conservation while mining in Xiaozhuang mine[j]. Coal Geology & Exploration (6) [8]. [J] (4) ZHANG Yan. Mechanism of water inrush in roof in Laogongyingzi mine[j]. Coal Geology & Exploration (4) [9]. [J] (7) WANG Qiqing LI Wenping LI Xiaoqin et al. Water inrush law in bed separation due to coal mining under hard rock and its control[j]. Safety in Coal Mines (7) [10]. [D] [11]. [J] (5) DONG Shuning HU Weiyue. Basic characteristics and main controlling factors of coal mine water hazard in China[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration (5) [12]. [J] (1) JIN Dewu LIU Yingfeng LIU Zaibin et al. New progress of study on major water inrush disaster prevention and control technology in coal mine[j]. Coal Science and Technology (1) ( 责任编辑张宏 )

[4]. [S]. 2009. [5]. [J]. 2010 32(2) 231 236. WANG Jingming YU Daohui. Simulation of water hazards caused by burst of water cells formed by overburden stratum separation[j].

01-0982.doc

01-0982.doc 第 32 卷第 7 期岩土工程学报 Vol.32 No.7 2010 年 7 月 Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering July 2010 沿海碎石回填地基上高能级强夯系列试验对比研究年廷凯 1,2, 水伟厚 3, 李鸿江 4, 杨庆 1,2, 王玉立 (1. 大连理工