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Zhujing and Meditation Rur-Bin Yang Department of Chinese Litertature, National Tsing Hua University Abstract Though Zhuzi was very precautious about meditation, he had the most abundant theories about meditation among Neo-Confucianists. As an exemplary person of Neo-Confucianism, Zhuzi, like other Neo-Confucianists, aspired to experiencing the transcendence by transforming the body and mind. He adopted the method of meditation and the formula of observing the nature before emotions rise ( ) from his predecessors. However, since he considered the affirmation of world order is the radical concern of Confucianism, there s an essential correlation between his discourse about enlightenment and his realization of world order. In Zhuzi s words, the relation between gewu ( ) and enlightenment ( ) is essential, and any method of enlightenment which avoids the procedure of gewu is invalid. He thought those methods came from Zen and Xiangshan ( ) were against the basic value of Confucianism. Therefore, Zhuzi put forward the methodology of Zhujing to replace the prevalent method of meditation. Zhujing was first presented by Chen Yi ( ) and accomplished by Zhuzi. There are some differences between Zhujing and meditation. First, Zhujing is tied to gewu. Wu (things) include objects and events. Since we all live in the world consists of objects and events, Zhujing means that learners should transform their body and mind at any time. Second, Zhujing could be used in both movement and quiescence. This entails that Zhujing is a kind of cultivation of behavior, rather than a cultivation of consciousness. Zhujing emphasizes concentrating on all behavior-including meditation. Third, Zhujing accents all behavior must be conventionalized and formalized, because all behavior needs manners ( ) or principles

( ) as the basis of its concentration. Forth, since Zhujing is combined with the process of gewu, it is a lifelong cultivation. Compared meditation and Zhujing, we could say that Zhujing is a kind of meditation-in-action, which includes both sides of movement and quiescence, or consciousness and the world. Keywords: Zhujing, meditation, gewu, Zhuzi