177
178 A Study of Chen Ting-zhuo s Chen-yu and Bi-xing Theory Based on Commentary on the Ci Poetry of Bi-shan in Bai-yu-zhai Ci- hua Ruo-Lan Hung Department of Oriental Literature, Tzu Chi University Abstract After Chen Ting-zhuo joined the Chang-zhou school of ci poetry, he wrote the Bai-yu-zhai ci-hua and commented and evaluated ci poetry by use of the criteria chen-yu and bi-xing. Furthermore, he regarded the ci poetry of Bi-shan as the best. In this article I will try to find the connotation of chen-yu and bi-xing through the commentary on the ci poetry of Bi-shan in the Bai-yu-zhai ci-hua, and draw the following conclusions: First, Chen Ting-zhuo regarded chen-yu as the highest criterion for commenting and evaluating ci poetry. Any works meeting this criterion must express loyalty to the monarch and the country. Furthermore, this loyalty cannot be expressed directly. Second, bi-xing includes two different ways a writer should express his loyalty to meet the criterion chen-yu, and also corresponds to two different approaches readers should use as they read ci poetry. In addition, the limitations and the differences between theory and practice in Chen Ting-zhuo s chen-yu and bi-xing theory are also revealed in this article. Keywords: chen-yu, bi-xing, Bi-shan, Bai-yu-zhai ci-hua, Chen Ting-zhuo
179 1853-1892 1 1830-1879 1761-1802 1876 1 11551221 1983: 876-78
180 1879 2 3 1876 4 5 6 7 8 1831-1901 9 2 19836/496 3 ( ) ( 1986: 3739) ( 1874) 1983: 806 4 1986: 1618-19 5 1625-1682 1037-1101 1140-1207 1629-1709 1692-1752 1155-1221 1248-1319 1999: 9-12 1997: 173 1999: 229 1986: 1619 1983: 9/666 6 1999: 228-29 7 1983: 6/481 8 1990: 205 9 2002: 5/23b-24a
181 1764-1833 10 11 1781-1839 10 2002: /1b-2a 11 ( 1993: 1/9b-10a) 1987: 62 127-200 1993: 23/13a () () 1987: 41-42 (574-648) 1993: 1-1/10a-b) ( 1987: 64, 92) ( 1993: 1-1/12b-13a) ( 1997: 180 ) ( (107-125) (126-144) ) ( 19912-3) (-520) ( 1993: 1/29a)
182 12 13 14 15 16 17 1056-1121 18 12 1994: 346 13 345347 14 1983: 848 15 ( 1983: 6/482) 16 2002 /2a 17 1994: 318 18 ( 2002 /2a2/8b) 1959: 47, 2
183 19 20 1869 21 19 1983: 6/481 20 6/482-83 21 1966: 1
184 22 23 192-232 712-770 24 25 22 1983: 2/174 23 11 24 1983: 2/194-95 25 1993: 1-1/7a
185 26 26 1983: 10/754
186 27 28 29 27 2/176 28 1/9 29
187 1155-1221 30 31 32 1983: 1/79, 1/76-77) 1994: 364-65 30 1983: 2/175 31 8/584 32 2/196
188 33 34 35 33 2/160, 2/199 34 2/211 35 1/20-21
189 36 36 11
190 37 38 39 37 1983: 2/123 38 8/610-11 39 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1975: 4/222)
191 40 41 42 40 1993: 1-1/11b 41 11 42 ( 1993: 8/1b)
192 43 44 43 1983: 2/186-87 44 2/182-83
193 45 46 45 2/178 46 2002: /2b
194 47 48 49 50 51 47 1983: 2/180 48 2/184-85 49 2/189-902/191-929/705 50 2/179 51 8/613
195 52 53 54 55 56 57 52 8/613-14 53 1980: 119-20 54 1959: 2 55 1986: 1630 56 1986: 3987 57 1994: 351-53
196
197 ( )1993 1994 ( )1975 1990 1983 ( )1959 ( )1986 1980 3: 111-120 ( )1991 1986 ( )1966 11 ( )2002 1732 1997 1999 ( )1986 1993 ( )1993 1987 1987 ( )1986 ( )2002 1732