33 3 2014 259 271 Studies in the History of Natural Sciences Vol. 33 No. 3 2014 100190 N092 P1-092 A 1000-1224 2014 03-0259-13 exhalation vapour smoke 1 2 2014-02-18 2014-09-21 1977
260 33 1 three regions or three strata 3 Seneca 4 ~ 65 Quaestiones naturales 4 Themon 1349 ~ 1361 Questions on the Four Books of Aristotle's Meteorologica 5 6 1 Matteo Ricci 1552 ~ 1610 1602 7 8 Christoph Clavius 1538 ~ 1612 9 1
3 261 In Sphaeram Joannis de Sacro Bosco Commentarius tres regiones 1 10 1 Sabatino de Ursis 1575 ~ 1620 5 11 Francisco Furtado 1589 ~ 1653 260 12 260 Alfonso Vagnone 1568 /69 ~ 1640
262 33 Meteorologica 3 250 13 Ferdinand Verbiest 1623 ~ 1688 1 14 15 2 2. 1 ~ 1614 1 2012
3 263 16 1579 ~ 1649 2 17 18 2
264 33 2. 2 1611 ~ 1671 1613 ~ 1695 19 1130 ~ 1200 19 20 21 19 22 22
3 265 22 1614 ~ 1684 23 1 23 24 1764 ~ 1849 1751 ~ 1832 250 ~ 260 1
266 33 2. 3 25 26 1849 ~ 1917 2 27 1866 ~ 1914 28 2. 4 9 5 1680 1 1 57 2001 130 ~ 131
3 267 3 3 29 1487
268 33 30 4 4 5 31
3 269 5 6 32 6 3 260
270 33 1 Aristotle. Meteorologica M. Lee H D P trans. Cambridge Mass. Harvard University Press 1952. 2. M. 2000. 3 Peterson W J. Western Natural Philosophy Published in Late Ming China J. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 1973 117 4 295 ~ 322. 4 Seneca. Natural Questions M. Hine H M trans. Chicago /London The University of Chicago Press 2010. 167 ~ 168. 5 Grant E ed. A Source Book in Medieval Science M. Cambridge Mass. Harvard University Press 1974. 207. 6 McEvoy J The Chronology of Robert Grosseteste's Writings on Nature and Natural Philosophy J. Speculum 1983 58 3 614 ~ 655. 7. M.. Chinois 4897. 14a ~ 15a. 8. C / /.. 1970. 35 ~ 47. 9. J. 2011 30 2 170 ~ 187. 10 Clavius C. In Sphaeram Joannis de Sacro Bosco Commentarius M. Romae 1585. 37 ~ 39. 11. M. 5.. 10a. 12. M. / /. 94. 1995. 170. 13. M... 28a ~ b. 14. M.. 24b. 15. C / /.. 2003. 575 ~ 610. 16. M. / /.. 6. 1995. 39. 17. M. 1986. 121.
3 271 18. M. / /.. 6. 1995. 107. 19. M. 1. 1664. 20. M. 12 / /. 1145. 1995. 316. 21. M. 8 / / Z. 1144. 1995. 721. 22. M. 5. 1899. 23. M.. 63b ~ 64a. 24. M / /.. 6. 1995. 267. 25. M. 4 / /. 932. 1995. 292 ~ 293. 26. A. 51 / /. 516. 1995. 510 ~ 511. 27. M. 2.. 53a ~ 54b. 28. M. 5. 1896. 2b ~ 3b. 29. M. 100 1986. 2549. 30. M. 1 / /. 1123 1995. 16. 31. M. / /. 4 26. 2000. 382 ~ 388. 32 M.. The Dissemination and Influence of Three Regions Theory in Late Ming and Early Qing China SUN Chengsheng Institute for the History of Natural Sciences CAS Beijing 100190 China Abstract The three regions theory which divided the air into warm cold and hot strata from bottom to top was the most important dogma used to explain meteorological phenomena in Medieval Europe. It was introduced in China during the late Ming and early Qing and had significant influence on Chinese meteorological knowledge. This paper surveys the three regions theory introduced by Matteo Ricci Francisco Furtado Alfonso Vagnone and others and analyses Chinese literati's responses to this new knowledge. Chinese scholars tried to understand and assimilate this theory based on traditional yuanqi or yinyang theory so that they either broadened the range of the three regions or indicated there were no determinate boundaries between them. In this context Jie Xuan drew a meteorological illustration entitled rihuo xiajiang yangqi shangsheng tu illustration of the descent of the sun's warmth and the rise of warmed air which was not only a perfect example of how the Sino-Western scientific encounter inspired new ideas but also a significant meteorological achievement at the time. Keywords Three regions Meteorology Aristotle Xiong Mingyu Jie Xuan You Yi Late Ming and Early Qing Scientific exchange