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2003 1,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1853 3 22 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,44 :, 2,332 :, 4,695 :, 2,368 12
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1854 3 2,,,,, (),,, :,,,, ;,,, :, 4,695,,527 528 531 532 533 :,, 13
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,,, :,, ;,,(,),,, ;,, :,,,,,,,,,,?,?,,,,, 1851 11 28, :,, :, 4,623 :, 4,734 : 8, 3,231 :, 4,624 : 12, 3,317 318,,36 15
2003 1,,,,(1852 ),,60,,, :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :, 4,597 :, 4,721 : 9 1857,, :, 4,658 : 1852,,,,,,,,, : 2, 3,59 16
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2003 1, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,1854 10 1,, :,,,, (),,( ),,, 3,1855 4 25,,,,,,,,,, :, 4,624 630 3,,111 112 :, 4,666 3,,113 20
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,;, :,,, (1860 ),,, ( ),,,(1860 6 7 ),,,,, 6,392 393 :5, 4,399 :, (),,, :, 6,403,,66 21
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,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,( I. J. Forrest) 1861 5, ( British Parliamentary Papers) 1862 4 8 11 7, (Franz Michael) : ( The Taiping Rebellion : History and Documents) 3, 1971,984 985 2, :,,,,, 23
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), 10,,, 7,, ; 5, ; 7,, 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7,,,, (, 798 799 ) 291,,63 618,,90 91 :,,,38 : 16, 3,256 25
2003 1 1858,, 17,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,673 674 :, ( 1,28 ) ; :, ( 6,463 ) ; :,, ( 5,314 ) : ; :,,10 16 :,,31 :,30,115 :,,31 : 4, 4,238 26
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:??,, :,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :, 1,329 :, 6,736 :, 4,611 612 :, 1,273 :, 6,463 27
2003 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1,:,,,,, :(), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,(,),,,, :, 5,314 :, 6,734 :,, :, 1,330 :, 4,487 488 28
,,,,,,,,,,,1861,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 2, 4,88 89 :,,,,,,,,,,1861,,,,, ( : 1,,1983,143 ) 1,,,,,,,,,,,1862,,, ( :,,1959,101 106 ), 29
2003 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,, : 3, 4,152 :,,,,, :, 6,712 :,,25, 1864 2,,,, :,,94 95 30
,,,,,2700,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 1863 8,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, :,,,,,1981,231 : 20, 3,375 31
2003 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,? 1862 1,,,,,,(,),, ;,,,,,,,1861 11 27,,,738 :, 6,736 :, 6,736 : 1,,159 160 32
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2003 1,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,!,,:,,,,, :, 4,480 481 :, 5,302 :, 4,488 34
(),1215,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,?,,,, (),,,,,, (),1994,263 :,,94 ;,,703 35
2003 1,,,, :,,19 60,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 1852 :,,,,,,,,, :,;,;, ;,;,;,,,62 36
;,;,;, ;,,,,,,,,,, 100006 : 17 18,,574 575 37
Modern Chinese History Studies No. 1, 2003 New Year s Message Editorial Staff (1) Inquiry into and Analysis of Marriage Condition and Sexual Relations in Taiping Army Xia Chuntao (5) After establishing the Heavenly Capital at Nanjing, the Taiping employed stern laws and severe punishments to continue its policy of breaking up families and keeping men and women separate, even while Hong Xiuquan and other leaders repeatedly se2 lected beauties from the population as concubines. According to the policy, even co2 habitation by a married couple was punishable by death. Therefore, sexual relations became the strictest taboo in the Taiping Army, and soldiers were punished for the slightest infractions. This caused resentment and increasing resistance among soldiers and civilians. After the bans were lifted, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom pursued a marriage policy which strictly demarcated social rank. At the same time, it still em2 phasized taking strict precautions against illicit sexual relations. However, by this point, the overall situation was already spinning more and more out of control. The cir2 cumstances and changes brought about by the problems surrounding marriage2related is2 sues epitomize the evolution of military discipline in the Taiping Army, and significant2 ly affected the army s fighting capacity and relations between the army (and officials) and civilians. At the same time, these problems provide additional proof that during the period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Hong Xiuquan and his colleagues were fundamentally incapable of concepts such as women s liberation and equality between the sexes in the modern sense. The Formulation, Influence and Significance of the Theory that The Classical Schools of Philosophy did not Originate in Official2 dom an example of Hu Shi s innovative paradigm :Challenge the established practice instead of founding a new school. Liu Wei (38) The theory thatthe classical schools of philosophy did not originate in official2 dom is the backbone of An Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy, and one of Hu Shi s great intellectual innovations. The theory sets out to overturnthe theory that the nine schools of philosophy originated in officialdomwhich appears in theessay 1