Invasive Alien Species Monitoring and Management in China Xu Jing Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Table of Contents IAS Management & Monitoring Statues Examples: National IAS Investigations Constraints & Problems
Background Article 7. Identification and Monitoring (c) Identify processes and categories of activities which have or are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and monitor their effects through sampling and other techniques; and (d) Maintain and organize, by any mechanism data, derived from identification and monitoring activities pursuant to subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) above. Article 8. In-situ Conservation (h) Prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species;
Background Transportation Nature distribution
IAS Management Mechanisms China IAS Core Principle Pre-prevention Prevention & Controlling Government sectors organize IAS prevention & controlling according theirs duty Organizations National Invasive Alien Species Prevention & Controlling Working Group Members: Ministry of Science & Technology (MST), Ministry of, Ministry of Agriculture (MA), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), State Customs, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), State Oceanic Administrative (SOA), the Chinese Young Pioneers Working Committee (CYPWC)
IAS Management Mechanisms Legislations 7 Laws: Agriculture Seeds, Grasslands Protection, Marines, Wild Animals, Plant Quarantine, Customs, etc. 9 National Legislations: livestock, lands & aquatic wild animals, experimental animals, wild plants, endangered species export, LMOs, species quarantine, etc. 41 Regulations.
China Species Import Process Species Import Application agreed refused Legislations Species Quarantine passed National Customs passed Import refused refused Transportation Utilization storage
IAS Monitoring Network China IAS Monitoring Network Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of of Environmental Protection State Forestry Administration General Administration of of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine State Oceanic Administration Agriculture Station Agriculture Station Environmental Monitoring Station Forestry Station Forestry Station Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine Agency at at Boundary Port Regoinal Oceanic Bureau Regoinal Oceanic Bureau Protected Areas, Ecological Function Zone, etc. Agriculture Ecosystems Forest Ecosystems Agriculture Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems
National Invasive Alien Species Investigations
CHINA IAS INVESTIGATIONS Ministry of Environmental Protection 2001-2003 National IAS Investigation 2006 Typical National Protected Areas IAS Investigation 2008 Typical Provinces IAS Investigation 2009 International Biodiversity Day
2001-2003 National IAS Investigation
2003 INVESTIGATION When: December,2001-October,2003 Where: Lands, Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems of China Who: Experts from Whom: Micro-organisms, invertebrates, vertebrates, reptiles, fishes, birds, mammals, weeds, trees and other marine organisms.
2003 INVESTIGATION Index Scientific Name Chinese Name English Name Taxonomy Biology Population Distribution Economy & Ecology Impact Appearing time and location Transportation Invasion media Habitats Tropic level Life history Potential invasive areas Origin Prevention & controlling measures Pictures Other information
9% Species 12% 1% 2% 4% 7% RESULTS (2003) 59% 6% Micro-organisms Aquat i c pl ant s Land pl ant s Aquat i c i nvet ebr at es Land i nvet ebr at es Rept i l es Fi shes Mammal s IAS Taxa Species Percentage Micro-organisms 19 6.7 Aquatic plants 18 6.4 Plants 170 60 Aquatic invertebrates 25 8.8 Land invertebrates 33 11.7 Reptiles 3 1.1 Fishes 10 3.5 Mammals 5 1.8 SUM 283 100
Origin RESULTS (2003) Source Frequency Percentage 5% 1% 8% 10% 22% 54% Amer i ca Eur ope Asi a Af r i ca Oceani c Ot her America 178 55.1 Europe 70 21.7 Asia 32 9.9 Africa 26 8.1 Oceanic 2 0.6 Other 15 4.6 Total 323 100
RESULTS (2003) Invasion pathway 60 50 49. 3 40 39. 6 30 20 10 3. 1 8 0 Intentional i nt r oduct i on Uni nt ent i onal i nt r oduct i on Nat ur al di st r i but i on Unknown Per cent age
Affected ecosystems RESULTS (2003) Coast al / mar i ne, 12. 50% Urban, 7.50% Fr esh wat er / wet l ands, 7. 20% For est ecosyst ems, 13. 70% Agr i cul t ur e ecosyst ems, 59. 10% Agr i cul t ur e ecosyst ems For est ecosyst ems Fr esh wat er / wet l ands Coast al / marine Ur ban 1200 trillion RMB Social & Economic Loss per year!!!
RESULTS (2003) 1st China Invasive Alien Species Name List Released by State Environmental Protection Administrative (SEPA) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 2003 1st China IAS (16 species) American White Moth (Hyphantria cunea (Drury) ) Internet resources Crofton Weed (Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.) photoed by Haigen XU, 2003 Mile-a-minute Weed (Mikaina micrantha H. B. K. ) photoed by Sheng QIANG, 2003 Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes(mart.) Solms. ) photoed by Sheng QIANG, 2003 Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata Spix ) Internet resources Giant African Snail (Achating fulica ) Internet resources Bull Frog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw ) Internet resources Lobdelly Pine Mealybug (Oracella acuta(lobdell) ) Internet resources
2006 Typical National Protected Areas IAS Investigation
2006 INVESTIGATION 序号 自然保护区名称 行政区域 面积 ( 公 顷 ) 级别类型部门调查时间 1 八仙山 天津蓟县 1049 国家级 森林生态 林业 2006 年 5 月 2 古海岸与湿地 天津市 99000 国家级 海洋海岸 海洋 2006 年 5 月 3 昌黎黄金海岸 河北秦皇岛 30000 国家级 海洋海岸 海洋 2006 年 6 月 4 双台河口 辽宁盘锦市 80000 国家级 野生动物 林业 2006 年 5 月 5 鸭绿江口滨海湿地 辽宁丹东市 108057 国家级 海洋海岸 环保 2006 年 5 月 6 蛇岛 - 老铁山 辽宁大连市 14595 国家级 野生动物 环保 2006 年 5 月 7 崇明东滩鸟类 上海崇明县 24155 国家级 野生动物 林业 2006 年 7 月 8 九段沙湿地 上海浦东新区 42020 国家级 内陆湿地 环保 2006 年 7 月 9 盐城沿海湿地珍禽 江苏盐城市 453000 国家级 野生动物 环保 2006 年 6 月 10 大丰麋鹿 江苏大丰市 2667 国家级 野生动物 林业 2006 年 6 月 11 泗洪洪泽湖 江苏泗洪县 49365 省级 内陆湿地 环保 2006 年 4 月 12 大盘山 浙江磐安县 4558 国家级 野生植物 环保 2006 年 5 月 13 南麂列岛 浙江平阳县 19600 国家级 海洋海岸 海洋 2006 年 8 月 14 凤阳山 - 百山祖 浙江庆元县 24713 国家级 森林生态 林业 2006 年 8 月 15 虎伯寮 福建南靖县 2650 国家级 森林生态 林业 2006 年 8 月 16 武夷山 福建武夷山市 56527 国家级 森林生态 林业 2006 年 8 月 17 漳江口红树林 福建云霄县 2360 国家级 海洋海岸 林业 2006 年 8 月 18 鼎湖山 广东肇庆市 1133 国家级 森林生态 其他 2006 年 8 月 19 惠东港口海龟 广东惠东市 800 国家级 野生动物 农业 2006 年 8 月 20 昆嵛山 山东烟台市 15417 省级 森林生态 林业 2006 年 6 月 21 铜鼓岭 海南文昌市 4400 国家级 海洋海岸 环保 2006 年 9 月 22 东寨港 海南海口市 3337 国家级 海洋海岸 林业 2006 年 9 月 23 大田坡鹿 海南东方市 1314 国家级 野生动物 林业 2006 年 9 月 24 防城金花茶 广西防城港市 9195 国家级 野生植物 环保 2006 年 9 月 25 十万大山 广西上思县 58277 国家级 森林生态 林业 2006 年 9 月 26 山口红树林 广西合浦县 8000 国家级 海洋海岸 海洋 2006 年 9 月 27 纳板河流域 云南景洪市 26100 国家级 森林生态 环保 2006 年 9 月
2006 INVESTIGATION Huboliao Nature Reserves Habitats in Kun Lun Mt. National Nature Reserves Dongtan Wetland, Chongming, Shanghai Yancheng Costal Wetlands National Nature Reserves Jiu Duan Sha Wetlands Nature Reserves Tongguling Nature Reserves
菊科野塘蒿 菊科薇甘菊 菊科小飞蓬 菊科羽芒菊
2006 INVESTIGATION Methods Transits: Daily Checking Route of nature Reserves Quadrates:1 1m or 2 2m in where IAS abundant Index: Population, coverage, species abundance, etc.
RESULTS (2006) Affected habitats IAS are mainly found in EXPERIMENTAL and BUFFER ZONE, often along roadsides, barren land grasslands rural buildings arable lands dykes secondary forests edge mudflat & wetlands, etc. 飞机草入侵东寨港保护区红树林 崇明东滩保护区加拿大一枝黄花对芦苇的入侵 盐城保护区互花米草入侵碱蓬群落 薇甘菊入侵惠东港口海龟保护区 大田坡鹿保护区内飞机草入侵
RESULTS (2006) Species 44 families 131 IAS, 119 plants & 12 animals; 111 unintentional introduction, 84.7% of total; Only 20 IAS are intentional introduced, 15.3% 14 10 7 5 1 94 Amer i ca Eur ope Af r i ca Asi a Medi t er r anean Oceani a
2008 Typical Provinces IAS Investigation
2008 INVESTIGATION Target: Investigating the situation, Evaluating the damage and making the information available to public Range: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Liaoning Province Species: IAS in 1st and 2 nd (may be published in 2009) China IAS Name List Cockroach (Blattella germanica Linnaeus ), from website Red swamp crayfish (Procambius clarkia Girad ), from website Canadanian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis ), from website coastal plain yellowtops (Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze ), from website Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren ), from website
2009 International Biodiversity Day Symposium on 22 May Photography Competition, 1 April 1 May Handbooks & Stamps, 1 April 1 May More activities on Province level, 22 May
IAS DATABASE Capital Normal University and The Nature Conservancy Source: TNC presentation
Constraints & Problems
Legislation System: Specific IAS law on state level is missing, many gaps between current legislations Coordination System: Coordination System is not perfect, many works needs to be done. Authorities functions have overlap and gaps. Scientific Research: Official standards/rules/methods on risk assessment, quarantine, environmental release, pre-caution, quick response and control need improved.
Plans in the Future
For Government Agency -Release Invasive Alien Speices Controling Law and other legislations -Coordination System reform, more rights and duties should be given to MEP -Public Awareness For Institutions -International co-operation on IAS issues -IAS investigations -Establishing ONE integrated IAS monitoring systems -Scientific standards/rules/methods research For Public -reporting -do not BUY or FEEDING them!
THANK YOU!