: ( ),,,, ( Gagnon & Parker, 1995) 20 80,M. S. H. M. A. W., W. H. V. E., ( sexological period) ( Gagnon & Parker, 1995),, ; ; ( Gagnon & Parker, 1995)

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:,, :,, :,?,,,,???,?,?,,?, :,2001Π1992,,, :,2001, 4,2005, :,,1989Π1948,, :,1990Π1953, :,, : Fan,1997 ;,2000 ; Hershatter,1999 ; Finnane & Mclanren,1999 ;,2001Π1995 ; Henriot,2001 ; Harriet,1997 ; Dikotter,1995 ; Farrer,2002 ; McMillan,2006, 191

2007. 3,2000, : 90, :, 1988Π1928,, :,2001Π1995,, :,1987Π1929, :, 1989Π1963, :,2003Π1975,, :,2004, :,2000, :,2002,, 6,1994Π1973,, : Annamarie,J. 1996, Queer Theory, Melbourne :Melbourne University Press. Butler, Judith 1990, Gender Trouble Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London & New York : Routledge. Cook, Nerida M. & Peter A. Jackson 1999, Desiring Constructs : Transforming SexΠGender Orders in Twentieth Century Thailand. in Peter A. Jackson & Nerida M. Cook ( eds. ), Genders & Sexualities in Modern Thailand. Chiang Mai :Silkworm Books. Dikotter, F. 1995, Sex, Culture and Modernity in China : Medical Science and the Construction of Sexual Identities in the Early Republican Period. HK: Hong Kong University Press. Fan, Hong 1997, Footbinding, Feminism and Freedom. London & Portland : Frank Cass. Farrer, J. 2002, Opening Up : Youth Sex Culture and Market Reform in Shanghai. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. Finnane,A. & A. Mclanren 1999, Dress, Sex and Text in Chinese Culture. Monash Aisa Institute, Australia :Monash University. Foucault, M. 1980, The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1. ( Trans. ) by Robert Hurley. New York : Vintage Press. Gagnon, J. H. & W. Simon 1973, Sexual Conduct : The Social Sources of Human Sexuality. Chicago : Aldine Publishing Co. Gagnon, J. H & R. G. Parker 1995, Introduction : Conceiving Sexuality. in R. G. Parker &J. H. Gagnon (eds. ), Conceiving Sexuality : Approaches to Sex Research in a Postmodern World. N. Y & London : Routledge. Harriet, E. 1997, Women and Sexuality in China. New York : Continuum. Henriot, C. 2001, Prostitution and Sexuality in Shanghai. A Social History, 1849-1949. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Hershatter, G. 1999, Dangerous Pleasures, Prostitution and Modernity in Twentieth2Century Shanghai. California :University of California Press ; Reprint edition. Jefferys, E. 2006, Talking Sex and Sexuality in China. in Elaine Jeffreys (ed. ), Sex and Sexuality in China. London ; New York : Routledge Curzon. Laumann, E. O. &J. H. Gagnon 1995, A Sociological Perspective on Sexual Action. in Richard G. 192

: Parker & john H. Gagnon ( eds. ), Conceiving Sexuality, Approaches to Sex Research in a Postmodern World. New York and London : Routledge. McMillan,J. 2006, Sex, Science and Morality in China. New York : Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Oliver, K. 1993, Julia Kristeva s Feminist Revolutions. Hypanthia a Journal of Feminist Philosophy 8 :3. Rubin, G. 1989, Thinking Sex : Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality. in Carole S. Vance, Pleasure and Danger : Exploring Female Sexuality. London : Pandora Press. Tiefer, L. 1996, The Medicalization of Sexuality : Conceptual, Normative, and Professional Issues. Annual Review of Sex Research 7. Vance, C. S. 1991, Anthropology Rediscovers Sexuality : A Theoretical Comment. in Richard Parker & Peter Aggleton, Culture, Society and Sexuality : A Reader (1999). London :UCL Press. Weeks, J. 1985, Sexuality and its Discontents : Meanings, Myths and Modern Sexualities. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul. Wilson, E. O. 1975, Sociobiology : The New Synthesis. Cambridge, Mass : Belknap. : : 2007 8 2007 8 8-10,, : http :ΠΠwww. arsa2007china. com : ( 5, : 100732), : ( 8610) 85195358, : (8610) 65238909, :arsa2007 @163. com 193

which has been widely used in social science. It is argued that falsificationism is not only criticized in scientific philosophy, but also unsuitable for social science based on probabilistic casual relation. The author discusses four problems when using falsification to justify the scientificalness of social theories : 1. we should distinguish necessary condition and sufficient condition ; 2. itπs necessary to notice auxiliary hypothesis of theories ; 3. statistical theories canπt be falsified by a single counterexample ; 4. the theory of scope limitation canπt save falsificationism. Based on the discussions above, this article argues that only by developing theories strictly instead of using the falsification carelessly, can we make the social theory progress continuously. The Prosocial Behaviors Endorsed by Adolescents : A focus group study Kou Yu, Fu Yan & Zhang Qingpeng 154 Abstract : This study explores the prosocial behaviors endorsed by younger adolescents with the method of focus group interview. 141 subjects(69 male and 72 female) in 24 focus groups were asked to describe special prosocial acts of the prosocial people they knew. We listed 43 items of prosocial behavior through the procedure of argumentation, assessment, and classification of the data, among which there were various behaviors that traditional researches had not addressed, which accounted for 56. 32 % of total,including relational behaviors, behaviors related to personal quality and behaviors of charity, etc. There were significant differences on the subjects family SES among three types of schools, but not on the variable of Grade. Girls listed more relational acts than boys, while boys listed more overt acts than girls. Subjective Construction : Methodological revolution in sexuality research and potential development in Chinese context Pan Suiming & Huang Yingying 174 Abstract: This paper is based on an overall review of the history of sexuality research within and outside of China with the authors own experience and reflections in Chinese context. It proposes the concept of subjective construction as part of the social construction theory to be the main perspective in the field of sexuality study, and also examines its background, rationale, significance and potential development space. Using examples in Chinese contexts, the authors argue that sexuality study, especially in the field of sociology should be based on the indigenous understanding of the sexual issues and concerns, communicate with the western theories and studies critically and selectively, deconstruct over2medicalization and focus on the sexuality in Chinese social and political context based on daily, bodily and diverse experience. A New Interpretation of the Concept of Involution Guo Jiqiang 194 245