新兴非典型被动式 被 XX 的句法与语义结构 (The syntax and semantics of the new non-canonical bei ( 被 ) XX construction. The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Published Version Accessed Citable Link Terms of Use Huang, C.-T., and Na Liu. 2014. 新兴非典型被动式 被 XX 的句法与语义结构. Linguistics Sciences 13 (3), 225-241. http://www.linsci.com/cn/abstract/abstract839.shtml December 26, 2016 10:23:46 AM EST http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.instrepos:13839144 This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.instrepos:dash.current.terms-ofuse#oap (Article begins on next page)
XX XX XX XX XX XX 1 (1) 67 XX XX 1 2008 2008 19 (Huang 2011) (Liu 2012)
,...... 2 3-4 5 67% 67% 6-8 (2)?, 80%. ( 2011-12-23) (3), ( 2011-06-06) (4) RFI 2010-12-14) (5) 67% 67% ( 2009-08-25 ) (6) (2009-07-12, ) (7) ( 2009-08-10 ) (8)! (,, 2009-08-31) (9) (10) 2 (9) 2009-07-31 2 9-10 2011
(10) 2010-09-15 XX 2013 XX XX XX (11) 2010 11 2010-11-10 XX XX XX XX 3 XX (a) (b) (c) (d) - (a) XX XX XX (b) (c) (d) (lexical decomposition) (distributed morphology) XX 3 Huang, Li & Li (2009 HLL) Feng (1997), Ting (1998) Huang (1999)
XX XX XX (elementary semantics) CAUSE DO (causative) (executive) 2.1. (Proto Agent Dowty 1991) 4 5 (12) a. b. (13) a. b. c. 12... 13a 13b 13c (physical causation), (mental causation) Q 4 5 2007 [i] [ii]
13a putative verbs XX (...... ) Mei 1989, 2012 *s- *s 1 - *s 2 - (14) VP1 V CAUSE VP2 DP V *s 1 - - V 0.... CAUSE *s 1-6 XX XX 7 ( <...> ) 6 [i] [ii] [iii]... (block) synthetic blocking (Embick 2007 ) 7 HLL (2009) (15) V1 DP1 V3 DP3 HLL DP3 vp2 DP1 Liu (2012) Huang (2013a) DP3 DP1
(15) VP1 DP1 i V V1 0 vp2 (DP2) v 2 ( ) v2 0 VP3 DP3 i V 3 < > V3 0 XX LV < > break, open, shorten, lengthen volunteer, step down (16) a. I volunteered John to help them. b. John was volunteered for parachute training by friends. c. We decided to step down the director. d. The chairman was stepped down by us. XX XX X Y Y-X à, à 2005 h o h o h o (17) LV < > LV < > AP belittle, slight, befriend Belittle him, slight him befriend X X ( ) Facebook friend
friend friend friend friend friend friend accomplishment verb XX (18) DP ( ) DP < > LV < > 15 LV (semantic spectrum) (exaptation, Peyraube 2007) (path of grammaticalization, Chappell & Peyraube 2011 ) 8 XX Wanner (2009: 136), happen, disappear (19) a. It didn t happen to me, it was happened upon me! (from Helen Fielding, Bridget Jone s Diary). b. Thirty thousand people a whole generation were disappeared in seven years of military rule (from an online article on a human rights website). was happened ( ) were disappeared ( ) was made to happen, were made to disappear Vicktor Klemerer (1881-1960) ( Wanner 2009:138): (20) Eine Frau... kommt... ins Konzentrationslager, wo sie gestorben wird. one woman comes... into concentration-camp where she died becomes A woman comes into the Concentration Camp, where she is died. 8 where
CAUSE XX 2.2. 11 (21) 2010 11 2010-11-10 (22) 2008-09-20 (23) ( ) (24) (23-24) X
DO, (1989, 2012) *s 2-9 accomplishment verbs activity verb ( call facetime facetime (23)-(24) (25), ;, *s 2 - (26) (27) DO DO = fish, telephone, text, joke ( )... DO Hale & Keyser 1993 food > feed (e.g. on bread) *s 2 - Chomskyadjoin ( ) 10 DO (28) a. You should not try to mother your husband. b. He is trying to fool me. Mother +DO Fool DO 9 denominative 10 (Chomsky-adjoin, Chomsky-adjunction) XP YP YP XP +YP à [ YP XP [ YP YP]] Ross (1967) (daughter-adjunction) (sister-adjunction)
(29) To hammer the nail, to nail the door, to saddle the horse, to shelve the book, to shoulder the burden, etc. (30)... (31) John got Dick Cheny-ed last week. (32) She got Lewinsky-ed again. 1999 31 DO 32 Bill Clinton 1998 (33) (They just got Obama-ed again.) (34) Jackendoff (Bill got Jackendoff-ed twice again.) 34 Jackendoff DO X XX XX
(23-24) call (35) LV < > Jackendoff XX 11 CAUSE DO XX XX : (36) * * *. (37) * * *. (38) * * * Jackendoff... XX XX XX 11 XX 2013 (i) 2008-09-20 (ii) (iii) (i) XX LV < >
(39) XX XX 3. XX 39 XX XX XX XX 6 40 XX 41 (40) DP2 < > DP3 < > (41) DP1 < > LV < > DP2 <?> DP3 <?> 40 41 41 XX ( ) * XX XX (analyticity) (synthesis) XX (42) a. b. c. * (43) a. b. c. *
(44) a b c * (42) (42b) ( 2007): (45) vp DP1 v v VP DP2 V V DP3 (46) peel, skin (46) John peeled the orange, skinned the cat, etc. peel, skin the orange 42c 42a 45 = 42b 42 (43)-(44) DO peel, skin (47) [ LV <DO> [ [ N peel]] à [ [ V peel] ]
DO = *s- 2 12 13 (48) a. b. c. (49) a. * b. * c. * XX (50) a. * b. * LV < > (51) a. * b. * LV < > (52) a. * b. * LV < > XX XX LV XX LV < > LV < > LV < > clitic 12 (pseudo incorporation, Massam 2001 Baker 2011 ) 13 (2007) v
14 L A L B C L A C L B L A L B Talmy Givon (1971) L A L B, Strong or Weak (procrastinate) Emonds (1978) Pollock (1989) Chomsky (1995) T 0 [+strong], T 0 [-strong] T 0 V-to-T 0 (Logical Form, LF) Lasnik (1995) T 0 T 0 (Phonetic Form, PF) (Affix Hopping) Chomsky (1999) T 0 (Move) C- (Agree) PF LF Move (53) (Derivational Timing Parameter, DTP) LF PF 14 micro-parametric theory macro-parametric theory) Baker (2008), Roberts & Holmberg (2010), Huang (2013b), Kayne (2013)
(Move) (Agree) Huang (1982) (wh-movement) C [+Q] wh- Agree (whin-situ) LF 53 53 Cheng & Sybesma (2005) (54) a. * b. c. * * Huang (2013b) 15 (55) a. b. PF c. XX LV LV (56) a. LV XX (Move) b. LV XX (Agree) PF 16 15 16 Huang 2013b Simpson (2005), (2006) - (probe-goal system) LV XX [+ ] XX [+ ] LV XX 2013 1 XX
56a XX 17 (57) vp DP v The doctor v VP DP2 V John LV <DO> XP Dick Cheny The doctor Dick-Cheny-ed John. XX LV v - - (58) vp DP1 v v VP DP2 V LV < > < > < > XP Agree * Baker (2011) LF 17 v V DP2 v
DP2 DP2 (57) v 18 (59)? (60)?* (61) XX V+X V PF LF 19 20 (cycle) XX (2005, 2008) XX [LV+XX] 18 (59-61) (2010) Huang (2013a), geben (2008) BECOME,, (59)-(61) XX 19 20 (Case Filter) LF PF
Feng (2013) < > XX LV XX [LV+XX] XX 21 4. XX 22 XX XX XX XX SVO 21 22 (Thompson 1973, Hopper & Thompson 1980) XX (2013)
[LV+XX] SVO XX 23 (distributed morphology) ( Halle & Marantz 1993 Harley 2005 ) XX XX XX XX XX XX 2006 (5): 3-11 2008 (4): 308-319 2005 (1): 3-16 2013 23 (cycle) Jesperson s Cycle Roberts & Holmberg (2010), Gelderen (2011)
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